高考復(fù)習(xí)干貨之非謂語動(dòng)詞什么是非謂語動(dòng)詞？謂語的形式？非謂語動(dòng)詞，簡單理解就是動(dòng)詞改變形式以后，不做謂語，而是去做除了謂語以外的其他句子成分。（時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)形式的動(dòng)詞全都是謂語，而非謂語和時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)比較像，注意不要混淆）簡單來說，非謂語動(dòng)詞有三種基本形式，記住三種基本形式以后我們?nèi)ビ涀冃蔚男问健?.什么時(shí)候使用非謂語動(dòng)詞？非謂語動(dòng)詞，在同一個(gè)句子中有了謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)，我們還需要用到動(dòng)詞，這時(shí)我們有三個(gè)解決辦法：（1）插入從句；（2）并列句；（3）用非謂語。下邊這三句話我們判斷，哪一個(gè)需要用非謂語形式？（1）Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures,eachofwhich_____(use)itdifferently.（2）Hehadplentyofmoneyandhe__________(spend)itfreely.（3）Likeancientsailors,birdscanfindtheirway____(use)thesunandthestars.是第（3）句需要用非謂語形式。第一句是從句，第二句是并列句，這兩句都需要用謂語動(dòng)詞。(注意與時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)區(qū)分) Tobehonest,nospeech_______sofarhashadthesameeffectonmeasthisone.A.hasbeenmadeB.beingmadeC.madeD.tobemade答案：C.這道題我們先要判斷用謂語動(dòng)詞還是非謂語動(dòng)詞：由于句中有謂語動(dòng)詞，而且不存在從句和并列句，因此選擇非謂語動(dòng)詞。那究竟怎么選擇非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式呢，它們又有哪些形式，我們往下看。3.非謂語動(dòng)詞的基本形式與使用規(guī)則做題總依據(jù)：todo表目的、表將來，doing表主動(dòng)、表正在進(jìn)行，done表被動(dòng)、表完成。例題1.–Whyaretheypullingdownthehouses?--______anewparkinglot.A.BuildB.TobuildC.BuildingD.Built答案：C.todo表示目的：為了建造停車場。例題2.______inthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.A.BeingraisedB.RaisingC.RaisedD.Toraise答案：C.被動(dòng)和完成的含義：他過去被撫養(yǎng)在格拉斯哥最窮的地區(qū)。例題3.Clearlyandthoughtfully_____,thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.A.writingB.towriteC.writtenD.beingwritten答案：C.被動(dòng)和完成的含義：書已經(jīng)被寫完了。練習(xí)題（1）.Whentheclerksawakindfaceinanapologeticsmile,shestoodrootedtotheground,______whethertostayorleave.A.wonderingB.wonderC.towonderD.wondered練習(xí)題（2）.Therearestillmanyproblems______beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.A.solvingB.solvedC.beingsolvedD.tobesolved4.邏輯主語的重要性以及怎么找到邏輯主語？邏輯主語就是非謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作的主語是誰？為什么說找到邏輯主語很重要，我們回顧剛才的例題3.Clearlyandthoughtfully_____,thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.A.writingB.towriteC.writtenD.beingwritten這道題邏輯主語是書，但是如果把邏輯主語看成人，那么選就應(yīng)該選A，而不是正確答案C.很多同學(xué)都錯(cuò)在找不到邏輯主語上了。邏輯主語尋找方法：在非謂語所在句中先往前尋找主語，如果有名詞/代詞，那么非謂語動(dòng)詞前邊的名詞/代詞就是邏輯主語，此時(shí)注意往前找的時(shí)候需要是同一句里的名詞或者代詞，名詞/代詞與非謂語之間不允許有逗號(hào)隔開，否則就不是邏輯主語了。如果往前沒有名詞或者代詞，那么主句主句就是非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語。5.三種非謂語基本形式的變形：簡單來記：be被動(dòng)變形：tobedone表示：為了被……;將要被……beingdone表示：正在被……;只表示被動(dòng)。注意和done區(qū)別開(注意：tobedoing表示動(dòng)作主動(dòng)正在進(jìn)行：Theypretendtobeworkingwhenthebosscamein.)have完成變形（多表示在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前的動(dòng)作，或強(qiáng)調(diào)完成）：havingdone表示之前主動(dòng)做完某事havingbeendone之前被……tohavedone表示之前主動(dòng)做，不能單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)，一般需要出現(xiàn)在謂語動(dòng)詞后邊。tohavebeendone表示之前被……,也不能單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)，一般出現(xiàn)在謂語動(dòng)詞后邊。為了記住這些變形，我們看幾個(gè)例句。e.g.Nothavinggotfarinthecontest,wearesodisappointed.(非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定形式：在前邊+not)ProfessorJohnissaidtohavemadesomesignificantadvancesinhisresearch.Havingbeendeniedbymanypotentialcustomers,thesalesmanhadtogatherhiscourageandselltheproductindifferentways.例題：--Didyouhaveagoodtimelastnight?--Yes,thankyou.Iappreciated______totheconcert.A.tobeinvitedB.beinginvitedC.tohavebeeninvitedD.havingbeeninvited詳解：由于appreciate后接doing形式，那么從B或D中選擇，因?yàn)槭亲蛲淼难?qǐng)，過去了，用D.表示完成。練習(xí)題（3）_____fortwodays,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.A.ToworkB.WorkedC.TobeworkingD.Havingworked練習(xí)題（4）______nearlyallourmoney,wecouldn’taffordtostayatahotel.A.HavingspentB.TospendC.spentD.Tohavespent練習(xí)題（5）Listeningtomusicathomeisonething,goingtohearit______liveisquiteanother.A.performB.performingC.toperformD.beingperformed練習(xí)題（6）Theenginejustwon’tstart.Somethingseems____wrongwithit.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone6.注意固定搭配--注意詞組，注意固定句式。有時(shí)候，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是使動(dòng)詞時(shí)，大家就容易做錯(cuò)題，關(guān)于使動(dòng)詞，我們這里不做過多贅述，做這類題想提高正確率，最簡單的方法，就是背住常考詞組。比如：例題：______toherownwork,shespentlittletimewithherfamily.A.DevotedB.TobedevotedC.DevotingD.Havingdevoted這道題正確答案是A.如果不知道devote是使動(dòng)詞，或者不知道bedevotedtodoing這個(gè)詞組，按照主觀意愿，就會(huì)選為C.同學(xué)們會(huì)認(rèn)為主動(dòng)投入工作，就應(yīng)該選C.所以要積累以下詞組：?？迹篵elocatedin;bedevotedto(sth/doingsth);beabsorbedin;beknownas;beintendedtodo/forsth;bedeterminedtodo;beexpectedtodo……練習(xí)題（7）______(locate)inthecenterofthetown,theshoppingmalliscrowdedwithcustomerseveryday.固定句式：Itremainstobeseen,sthisbelievedtodo(人們認(rèn)為……)—作文萬能句子整體非謂語動(dòng)詞的規(guī)則我們清楚了之后，大概可以做對(duì)一半的非謂語動(dòng)詞題目。另一半題目，需要積累。我們一起看一下，這些非謂語動(dòng)詞的細(xì)節(jié)知識(shí)點(diǎn)。8.更多todo不定式用法8.1作主語—Toreadthisbookisthebestthingthatyoucandonow.（了解即可--與doing作主語的區(qū)別：就是todo的動(dòng)作為一次性的，動(dòng)名詞為經(jīng)常性的）經(jīng)常用It作形式主語。常考的句型--Itisadjfor/ofsb+todosth.翻譯句子：對(duì)你來說學(xué)好英語很重要。你嘲笑殘疾人是不對(duì)的。8.2作賓語下列動(dòng)詞后邊再接動(dòng)詞只能接不定式：Decidedetermine,learn,want,expect,hope,wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask,beg,help,seemtodo……還有跟在疑問詞后邊的不定式：疑問詞+todo作賓語E.g.Idonotknowhowtofixtheequipment.在謂語（動(dòng)詞）后，表達(dá)帶有疑問的內(nèi)容，直接在todo前加相應(yīng)疑問詞。練習(xí)：翻譯“我不知道什么時(shí)候去”Idon’tknowwhentogo.）8.3作表語(了解即可)Hisjobistopaintthewalls.（與doing作表語的區(qū)別：就是todo的動(dòng)作為一次性的，動(dòng)名詞為經(jīng)常性的）8.4作補(bǔ)語e.gThedoctorwarnedhimnottoeattoomuchmeat.類似的常接補(bǔ)語的謂語動(dòng)詞還有：advise,allow,ask,encourage,expect,remind,wish,want,warn,tell，permit，forbid，persuade等接sb時(shí)，接todo(注意沒有hopesbtodosth)(allow,forbid,permit，advise如果后邊沒有其他人做賓語，直接接非謂語的話要接doing.很多學(xué)生在這里也比較猛=懵，注意區(qū)分：Wedon’tallowsmokinghere=Wedon’tallowanyonetosmokehere.)8.5作定語Sheisanicegirltogetalongwith.被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)或all,no,any修飾的中心詞，后接不定式作定語。Hewasthefirstonetocome.8.6作狀語表目的：表結(jié)果：?？肌猳nlytodo出乎意料的結(jié)果inorderto,soasto.Wetookanumbrellasoastonottogetwet.表原因：?？肌狪wassohappytoseeheryesterday.形容詞作表語時(shí)，后接不定式。（beadj+todo）或者直接當(dāng)成固定句式來記憶—主語+be+adj+todo.例句—Thetaskiseasytofinish.（注意todo用主動(dòng)）Blame(主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)betoblame)9.doing（動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞）9.1作主語常見句型—Itbenouse/nogood/worth+doing注意：doing可以做主語，但是havingdone和havingbeendone不可以。練習(xí)題（8）--WhatmadeBillsoangry?--______.Hisgirlfriendpromisedtocomeat8:30,butshehasnotcomeyet.A.HavingkeptwaitingB.BeingkeptwaitingC.TobekeepingwaitD.Beingkeptwaited9.2作賓語后邊再接動(dòng)詞，只能接doing形式的詞或詞組：consider,admit,putoff,avoid,tolerate,miss,keep,practice,forbid,advise,imagine,mind,can’thelp,feellike,spendtime(in),giveup，havefun,lookforwardto，makecontributionsto,devoteoneselfto,bedevotedto;beabsorbedin;leadto;payattentionto;referto;stickto………9.3作表語(了解即可)Hisjobispaintingwalls.（與todo作表語的區(qū)別：就是todo的動(dòng)作為一次性的，動(dòng)名詞為經(jīng)常性的）9.4作狀語?？肌狢onsideringyourhealth,you’dbetterhavearest. 類似的還有Generallyspeaking,Judgingfrom……10.done(過去分詞)常考—表被動(dòng)表完成。e.gTheycutthemoneyusedinexperiments.?？嫉脑~組：belocatedin;bedevotedto;beknownas;beconnectedwith;beabsorbedin……11.易混點(diǎn)&特例：1.有些表示感覺的動(dòng)詞，現(xiàn)在分詞表示”令人…”,修飾物，過去分詞形式的修飾人。Thetripisreallyexciting.Sheisveryexcited.2.有些詞組既可以跟動(dòng)名詞，也可以跟不定式。forgettodo忘記去做forgetdoing忘記做過remembertodo記得去做rememberdoing記得做過regrettodo遺憾去做regretdoing后悔做過stoptodo停下來手里的事，去做另一件事stopdoing停止做某事trytodo盡力做某事trydoing嘗試做某事meantodo打算做某事meandoing意味著can’thelp(to)do不能幫助做can’thelpdoing(情不自禁做)。Pleaserememberthisletterforme.請(qǐng)記住幫我寄信。(tosend）Iremembertheletterforyou.我記得幫你寄了那封信。（sending）3.感官動(dòng)詞、使役動(dòng)詞分析有些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞也用不定式作賓補(bǔ)，但是不定式要省略；表賓語主動(dòng)做了某事時(shí)：一感（feel）,二聽（hear,listen）,三讓（let,make,have）,四看（lookat,see,watch,notice）練習(xí)題（9）Helosthiskey.Itmadehim____inthecoldtowaitforhiswife’sreturn.A.tostayB.stayedC.staysD.stay但是變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)必須加上to.Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.使役動(dòng)詞get后接符合賓語其他形式：get+…+todo使……做get+……+doing使…開始做get+…+done使被……練習(xí)題（10）Sheoftenmakesascheduletogetherself______ofwhatsheistodointheday.A.remindB.remindedC.remindingD.toremind--感官動(dòng)詞后接賓補(bǔ)其他形式：see+…+doingsth表示看見賓語正在做；see+…+dosth表示看見賓語主動(dòng)做完了，看見了全程；see+…+beingdone表示看見賓語正在被……；see+……+done看見被做，做完了。hear,listen,lookat,watch,notice等與上述see的用法一樣，看賓語的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)，根據(jù)意思推斷使用何種形式的非謂語。記住主動(dòng)做了to省略，被動(dòng)還原to.Iheardher________(sing)anEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.注意：其他省略to的不定式：cannotbut;cannotchoosebut;cannothelpbut翻譯為“不得不”，后接省略to的不定式在連詞but之前如果有動(dòng)詞do,其后的不定式不用to,即donothingbut+動(dòng)詞原形Hedoesnothingbutcomplain.如果but前面的動(dòng)詞不是do,那么一般要帶to.4.find后的情況：sbdoingsth發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做；sth/sbdonesth表完成狀態(tài)。5.catchsbdoingsth撞見某人正在……pretendtobedoing假裝正在做某事6.固定句式：besaidtodo—Heissaidtohavegoneabroad(聯(lián)想主語從句—Itissaidthathehasgoneabroad).beconsideredtodo,besupposedtodo……7.Whenitcomestosth/doingsth英語作文萬能句子—當(dāng)說起…時(shí)，要論…..havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth8.短語積累beworthytobedone=beworthyofbeingdone=beworthdoing=beworthwhiletodo/doing(物做主語)require/deserve/needtobedone=needdoing參考答案：練習(xí)題（1）-（6）：ADDADB練習(xí)題（7）:Located練習(xí)題（8）、(9):BD課后練習(xí)題：1____theirhatsintotheair,thefansofthewinningteamletoutloudshoutsofvictory.A．Tothrow B．Thrown C．Beingthrown D．Throwing2.Thelecture________,alivelyquestion-and-answersessionfollowed.A．beinggiven B．havinggiven C．tobegiven D．havingbeengiven3.____therightdecision_____thefutureisprobablythemostimportantthingwewilleverdoinourlives．A．Making;concerned B．Make;concerningC．Tomake;concerned D．Making;concerning4.TheDiaoyuislandshavebeenpartofChina’sterritorysinceancienttimes,______asimportantfishinggroundsofTaiwan.A．served B．toserve C．serving D．havingserved5.Afteraknockatthedoor,thechildheardhismother'svoice_____him.A.callingB.calledC.beingcalledD.tocall6.Thehousepricekeeprising，________manypeopletogiveuptheintentionofbuyinghousesA.forcingB.toforceC.forcedD.havingforced7.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,_____seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.A.causedB.havingcausedC.causingD.tocause8.

_________thetemperaturemightdrop,coalwaspreparedforwarming.A．Toconsider B．Considered C．Considering D．Tobeconsidered9.Thewitnesses______bythepolicejustnowgaveverydifferentdescriptionsofthefight.A．questioned B．beingquestionedC．tobequestioned D．havingquestioned10.Children，when______bytheirparents,areallowedtoenterthestadium.tobeaccompanied B．toaccompanyC．a(chǎn)ccompanying D．Accompanied11.Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumorandalwayskeepshercolleagues________withherstories.A.amusedB.amusingC.toamuseD.tobeamused12._________bytheadvancesintechnology,manyfarmershavesetupwindfarmsontheirmind.A.BeingencouragedB.EncouragingC.EncouragedD.Havingencouraged13.Thiswinter,oneofthelargest______snowstormshitmanyareas. A.recording B.recorded C.beingrecorded D.torecord14.WheneverI’mseatedaloneinthelivingroom.Ifindmyself_________tothepictureonthewall.AattractingBattractedCattractedDbeingattracted15.Thepolicewarnedthatanyone______guiltyoftakingdrugsinthatcountrywouldbeputinprison.A.tofindB.foundC.findingD.havingfound16.Clearlyandthoughtfully________,thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.A．writingB．towriteC．writtenD．beingwritten17.Withalotofproblems______here,thenewly-electeddirectorwillhaveahardtime.A.tosolveB.solveC.solvedD.solving18.Withfiveminutes______beforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedatthestation.A.goB.togoC.goingD.gone19.Thedriverwantedtoparkhiscarneartheroadsidebutwasaskedbythepolice______.A．nottodo B．notdo C．notto D．donot20.–Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?–Yes.But_____it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.tofind B．find C．tofinding D．Finding21.____toauniversityintheUK,internationalstudentsmustdisplayastrongabilityinspokenandwrittenEnglish.A.HavingbeenadmittedB.TobeadmittedC.BeingadmittedD.Admitted22.Thisistheonlywaywecanimagine________theoveruseofwaterinstudents'bathrooms.A．reducing

B．toreduceC．reduced

D．reduce23.—Thelastone__________________paysthemeal.—Agreed!

A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving24.______(locate)inthecenterofthetown,theshoppingmalliscrowdedwithcustomerseveryday.A.LocatedB.LocatingC.BeinglocatedD.Havinglocated25．Theoldblackwomanusedtotellstoriesunderthetalltree,hergrandchildren________aroundand________attentively.Aseating;listeningBseated;listenedCseating;listenedDseated;listening1.【答案】D【解析】整個(gè)句子的主語只有一個(gè)就是thefans,那么前面的分句扔這個(gè)動(dòng)作顯然是由thefans發(fā)出的,所以是用現(xiàn)在分詞,表示主動(dòng)。2.【答案】D【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞用法。句中邏輯主語lecture與動(dòng)詞give是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故需要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。beinggiven指正在進(jìn)行的演講；tobegiven將要發(fā)表的演講。having

been

given則強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間先后，指的是此動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞follow的動(dòng)作之前。句意：發(fā)表演講之后，接下來是現(xiàn)場提問時(shí)間。故D正確。3.【答案】D【解析】第一空為動(dòng)名詞非謂語做主語，關(guān)鍵在于動(dòng)詞concern和它的邏輯主語之間的關(guān)系。原句的構(gòu)成：考慮到未來的正確決定，主動(dòng)，所以答案為D。4.【答案】C【解析】釣魚島自古以來就是中國領(lǐng)土的一部分,是臺(tái)灣重要的漁區(qū)（即捕魚的地方）。

釣魚島與serveas是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。5.【答案】A【解析】V-ing作賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法。解析：V-ing常接在感官動(dòng)詞如hear,see,catch,find,smell,feel和某些表“致使”意義的動(dòng)詞keep,have,leave等后作賓語補(bǔ)足語。由題干中的hear可知，空格內(nèi)應(yīng)填calling。6.【答案】A【解析】doing表示結(jié)果狀語。持續(xù)增長的房價(jià)挨，使得放棄買房子的打算。7.【答案】C【解析】南方下了大雨，在幾個(gè)省區(qū)造成嚴(yán)重洪災(zāi)?？崭窈髎eriousflooding是rainedheavily的后果，而且句子主語it和cause之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以此處要用動(dòng)詞的ing形式作結(jié)果狀語。選C。8.【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)句意，該空須填一個(gè)連詞。considering為連詞，“就……而論；照……來看”。故選C。9.【答案】A【解析】questioned過去分詞表示被動(dòng)態(tài)，被警方質(zhì)詢的目擊者。注意witness是名詞，目擊者，目睹者。10.【答案】D【解析】當(dāng)狀語從句的主謂和從句的主謂一致，且謂語是be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，狀語從句主謂可省略。所以Whentheyareaccompaniedby……變?yōu)椋瑆henaccompaniedby……11.【答案】A【解析】這里考查非謂語動(dòng)詞做賓補(bǔ)。其中amuse與賓語colleagues之間是HYPERLINK"/s?wd=%E5%8A%A8%E5%AE%BE%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&tn=44039180_cpr&fenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1Ydm1m1P1Rkn1RdmycznAD30ZwV5Hcvrjm3rH6sPfKWUMw85HfYnjn4nH6sgvPsT6KdThsqpZwYTjCEQLGCpyw9Uz4Bmy-bIi4WUvYETgN-T