書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-內(nèi)江師范學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

MybosshasfailedmesomanytimesthatInolongerplaceany（

）onwhathepromises.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assurance

B.probability

C.reliance

D.conformity

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。assurance“保證，擔(dān)?！保籶robability“可能性，機(jī)率”；reliance“信賴，信心”；conformity“遵守，適合，符合”。

句意：我老板已經(jīng)讓我失望太多次，我不會(huì)再對(duì)他的承諾抱任何希望。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.單選題

Thereisnodoubtthatdishonestor（）acquisitionofinformationisusuallyoverwhelmingevidencethatinformationwasconfidentialandnotpartofthedefendant’sskillandknowledge.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.blatant

B.surreptitious

C.suspicious

D.conspicuous

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。blatant“喧囂的，炫耀的”；surreptitious“秘密的”；suspicious“可疑的”；conspicuous“顯而易見的”。句意：毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，不誠(chéng)實(shí)或秘密獲取的信息通常是壓倒性的證據(jù)，表明這種信息是機(jī)密的，不屬于辯護(hù)人員技能和知識(shí)的一部分。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.單選題

Everymaninthiscountryhastherighttolivewherehewantsto（）thecolorofhisskin.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.withtheexceptionof

B.inthelightof

C.byvirtueof

D.regardlessof

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。withtheexceptionof“除了…情況”；inthelightof“根據(jù)，按照，當(dāng)作”；byvirtueof“由于，憑借”；regardlessof“不管，不顧”。句意：這個(gè)國(guó)家的每個(gè)人，不論膚色，都有權(quán)利住在他想住的地方。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.單選題

Ifthiskindoffishbecomes（）,futuregenerationsmaynevertasteitatall.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.minimum

B.short

C.seldom

D.scarce

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)minimum“最小化（一般指數(shù)據(jù)之類的）”，B選項(xiàng)short“短的；短小的”，C選項(xiàng)seldom“很少；不常（一般指頻率）”，D選項(xiàng)scarce“稀少的，稀缺的”；原句意思是說(shuō)如果這種魚變得稀缺……，其余選項(xiàng)代入均不符合題意，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。句意為：如果這種魚變得稀缺，未來(lái)的幾代人可能再也吃不到它了。

5.單選題

Theblackcloudsofgatheringthunderstormlookquite（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ominous

B.negligible

C.overcast

D.obscure

【答案】A

【解析】ominous預(yù)兆的，不吉利的；negligible微不足道的，可忽略的；overcast愁悶的，陰暗的；obscure昏暗的，晦澀的，不清楚的。句意：烏云密布的雷暴看起來(lái)很不吉利。選項(xiàng)A更符合語(yǔ)境。

6.單選題

Hercinematicdebutwas（）andshedecidedtoreturntothetheatrewheresheremainedfortherestofhercareer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.indelible

B.infallible

C.incredulous

D.inauspicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。indelible“難忘的”；infallible“絕對(duì)可靠的”；incredulous“懷疑的，不輕信的”；inauspicious“不詳?shù)摹?。句意：她在電影中的初次登?chǎng)讓人難忘，所以決定重新回到影壇來(lái)繼續(xù)她的事業(yè)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

TomorrowmorningIwillhaveto（）aconference.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.join

B.takepart

C.attendto

D.participatein

【答案】D

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)join“加入；參加”；B選項(xiàng)takepart“參與，參加”；C選項(xiàng)attendto“注意；照料”D選項(xiàng)participatein“參加；分享”。句意：明天早上我要參加一個(gè)會(huì)議。A,B,D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均有“參加”的意思，但是join多指參加某組織，成為其中的一個(gè)成員，takepart和participatein一般是說(shuō)參加某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，而takepart比participatein更有主動(dòng)的感覺(jué)，且側(cè)重參加某項(xiàng)群眾性、集體性的事業(yè)、工作或活動(dòng)，突出參加者在其中發(fā)揮一定的作用。Participate是正式用詞，特指參加團(tuán)體活動(dòng)，暗示以一個(gè)積極的角色參加。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

Youhavemadethemistakeofthinkingthathisbehavioris（

）;actually,veryfewofhisgroupbehavethatwayhedoes.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.generic

B.viable

C.idiosyncratic

D.soporific

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。generic“一般的”；viable“可行的，能養(yǎng)活的”；idiosyncratic“特殊的，特質(zhì)的”；soporific“催眠的”。句意：你認(rèn)為他的行為很普通，實(shí)際上，他們小組其他成員都不會(huì)像他那樣做。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

9.翻譯題

NoissueisasvitaltothefutureofU.S.researchuniversitiesasarenewalofcommitmenttothemutualbenefitsofresearchandeducation.Oneofthegreatstrengthsofourresearchuniversitiesistheirabilitytolinkthecreationofnewknowledgewiththetransferofthatknowledgetostudents.Unfortunately,numeroussigns(somereal,someperceived)pointtowardagrowingemphasisonresearchandade-emphasisoneducation.

Asensationalisticviewofthesetrendsoftenemergesinthepopularpress.Recentstorieshavedescribedadetachedprofessor’sleavingteachingtograduatestudents,rewardsystemsbasedon“publishorperish”,faculty“buyingout”ofteachingresponsibilities,andtenureandpromotiondecisionsbasedentirelyonone’sabilitytoattractfederalresearchdollars.Thesetypesofreportshavefueledagrowingpublicbacklashagainsthighereducation.Anumberofstateshavetoinstituteminimumrequirementsforclassroomtimeandofficehoursforfacultyatpublicresearchuniversities.

【答案】對(duì)美國(guó)研究型大學(xué)的未來(lái)來(lái)說(shuō)，沒(méi)有什么比重新致力于研究和教育的共同利益更重要。研究型大學(xué)的最大優(yōu)勢(shì)之一是它們能夠?qū)⑿轮R(shí)的創(chuàng)造與向?qū)W生傳授知識(shí)聯(lián)系起來(lái)。不幸的是，許多跡象（有些是真實(shí)的，有些是察覺(jué)到的）表明，這些大學(xué)越來(lái)越重視研究，而不那么重視教育。

大眾媒體上經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)關(guān)于這種趨勢(shì)的嘩眾取寵的觀點(diǎn)。最近的一些報(bào)道介紹了把教學(xué)任務(wù)扔給研究生的冷漠教授、基于“要么發(fā)表論文，要么死亡”原則的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)制度、“買斷”教學(xué)責(zé)任的教師以及完全取決于吸引聯(lián)邦研究經(jīng)費(fèi)的能力的任期和晉升制度。這類報(bào)告激起了公眾對(duì)高等教育的強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)。許多州已經(jīng)為公立研究型大學(xué)的教師制定了上課時(shí)間和辦公時(shí)間的最低要求。

10.單選題

Shethoughtitcoulddonoharmto（）herescortabit,atleastonhistasteinwines.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.complement

B.flatter

C.flatten

D.decorate

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)complement“補(bǔ)足；補(bǔ)充”；B選項(xiàng)flatter“奉承；諂媚；使高興”；C選項(xiàng)flatten“擊??；摧毀；使平坦”；D選項(xiàng)decorate“裝飾；布置”。句意：她認(rèn)為，稍微奉承下她的陪同不可能帶來(lái)害處，至少在奉承其對(duì)葡萄酒的品味上不可能帶來(lái)害處。結(jié)合此處語(yǔ)境，B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Itisimperativethatthegovernment（）moreinvestmentintotheshipbuildingindustry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attracts

B.shallattract

C.attract

D.hastoattract

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。在itis+表示要求，建議，必要，命令意思的形容詞或分詞+主語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)中。句子使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其結(jié)構(gòu)是“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略，imperative表示“必要的，不可避免的”。句意：吸引更多的投資到造船業(yè)是勢(shì)在必行的。因此,本題的正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

12.單選題

Thiscompanyhasnowintroducedapolicy（）payrisesarerelatedtoperformancesatwork.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.where

C.whether

D.what

【答案】B

【解析】考查引導(dǎo)詞辨析。從語(yǔ)義上分析，后半句應(yīng)是修飾policy的一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。which不可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)閣hich總要在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分。whether與what不引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。where相當(dāng)于inwhich。當(dāng)然，與where相比，在從句中我們更常用whereby來(lái)充當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞。句意：這家公司現(xiàn)在實(shí)行一項(xiàng)新工資政策，加薪與績(jī)效掛鉤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

13.翻譯題

1999年，中國(guó)開始進(jìn)入老齡化社會(huì)。2004年年底,60歲以上的人口達(dá)到1.43億，占全國(guó)人口總數(shù)的10.97%。至此，中國(guó)成為世界上擁有最多老齡人口的國(guó)家。有專家說(shuō)1990年到2033年是中國(guó)的“人口紅利”(populationbonus)期,出生率下降，老齡人口還不算太多，這一時(shí)期是有助于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的。

2010年到2013年中國(guó)勞動(dòng)力人口將達(dá)到9億人，在這之后“紅利”會(huì)變成“赤字”，也就是說(shuō)，這以后需要照顧的老齡人口會(huì)迅速增加。據(jù)說(shuō)2030年后的二十年是中國(guó)老齡化最嚴(yán)峻的時(shí)期。因此，要做好充分準(zhǔn)備，好好利用人口紅利期來(lái)解決嚴(yán)重的老齡化問(wèn)題。

有報(bào)告稱，中國(guó)是典型的成為富裕國(guó)家前就面臨老齡化社會(huì)的國(guó)家。這是長(zhǎng)期的問(wèn)題，也需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能解決。中國(guó)一直堅(jiān)持計(jì)劃生育政策，人口增長(zhǎng)的趨勢(shì)得到了有效的控制。據(jù)估計(jì)，中國(guó)到2030年的總?cè)丝趯⑦_(dá)到14.65億，屆時(shí)會(huì)面臨老齡化和人口出生率下降兩大壓力，這也一定會(huì)給國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)發(fā)展帶來(lái)巨大的壓力。

這份報(bào)告還指出，中國(guó)在解決老齡化問(wèn)題的意識(shí)、條件及法規(guī)上都嚴(yán)重滯后，因此，必須把這個(gè)問(wèn)題的解決納人到未來(lái)國(guó)家發(fā)展策略中。我們要及早關(guān)注老齡化人口的醫(yī)療資源，完善社會(huì)保障體系。在老齡人口達(dá)到頂峰前，建立一個(gè)健全的國(guó)家性社會(huì)保障機(jī)制。

【答案】Since1999,Chinahasenteredintoasituationoftheagingsociety.Therewillbe143millionChineseaged60orover,accountingfor10.97percentofthepopulationtotheendof2004.Atthispoint,ChinabecamethecountrywhohavethelargestnumberofAgingpopulation.SomeexpertssaythatitisChina’spopulationbonusbetween1990and2033whenbirthrateisdecreasedandthenumberofoldpeopleisnottoomuch,whichhelpstodeveloptheeconomies.

Thetotalworkingagepopulationwillreach900millionfrom2010to2013.Afterthat,the“populationbonus”willturn“demographicdeficit”,whichmeansthatcaringfortheincreasingnumberofelderlypeoplewillgrowsrapidly.ItissaidthattheworstofthecrisisforChina’sagingpopulationhitthetwentyyearsafter2030.Therefore,weshouldbewellpreparedsoastodealwiththeseriousproblemofagednessbymakingfulluseofpopulationdividend.

Chinaisthetypicalcountryfacingtheagingpopulationbeforebeingrichoneaccordingtoareport.It’sgoingtobeaperennialproblemandcouldtakealongtimetoresolve.Chinahasstucktoitsfamily-planningpolicytoefficientlycontrolthetendencyofincreasingpopulation.ItisestimatedthatChina’stotalpopulationwillreach1.465billionin2030whenthegovernmentwouldfaceanagingpopulationandadecreasedbirthrate,whichwillalsoblockthedevelopmentofeconomyandsociety.

Thereportalsopointsoutthatforchinathereareseriouslagsintheconsciousness,therealityofconditionsandtherelevantregulationsaboutagingpopulation,andthusweshouldputitintotheoverallnationaldevelopmentstrategiclayout.Weshouldpaymoreattentiontothemedicalresourcesontheagingpopulationsasearlyaspossible,improvethesocialsafetynet,andsetuptheall-sidedguaranteeingsystembeforetheagingpopulationreachesthepeak.

14.單選題

Lyinghereinthesunisaverypleasantwayto（）theafternoon.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.giveaway

B.passaway

C.whileaway

D.fadeaway

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)giveaway“分發(fā)”；B選項(xiàng)passaway“去世”；C選項(xiàng)whileaway“消磨”；D選項(xiàng)fadeaway“減弱”。句意：躺在這里曬太陽(yáng)是一種令人愉快的消磨下午時(shí)間的方式。本句表示消磨時(shí)間。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

15.翻譯題

中國(guó)己經(jīng)進(jìn)入了為實(shí)現(xiàn)四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化而奮斗的新時(shí)期。這對(duì)體育工作者提出了新的自標(biāo)，這就是：在城鄉(xiāng)普及體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，建立一支業(yè)務(wù)精湛的運(yùn)動(dòng)員和體育工作者隊(duì)伍，把運(yùn)動(dòng)技能提高到世界水平，提供現(xiàn)代化的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)設(shè)備，使中國(guó)成為體育大國(guó)。

中國(guó)將加強(qiáng)和各國(guó)體育界的聯(lián)系，積極參加國(guó)際體育組織舉辦的各種活動(dòng)。中國(guó)不但要再次承辦亞運(yùn)會(huì)，還要承辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)。

【答案】Chinahasenteredintothenewperiodinwhichitisstrivingtoachievethefourmodernizations.Thishassetanewgoalforphysicalcultureworkers,thatis,tomakesportspopularbothinthecitiesandthecountrysidesoastobuildupacontingentofsportsmenandphysicalcultureworkerswhoarevocationallyproficient,tobringtechnicalperformanceuptotheworld’stoplevel,andtoprovidemodemsportsfacilities,thusenablingthecountrytobecomeamajorsportspowerintheworld.

Chinawillstrengthentieswithsportscirclesofothercountriesintheworldandtakeanactivepartinvariousactivitiessponsoredbyinternationalsportsorganizations.ItwillalsoundertakesuchobligationsasactingasthehostcountrynotonlyformoreAsianGamesbutalsofortheOlympicGames.

16.單選題

Shehadspentseveraldays（）herlecture,soitwasquitesuccessful.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.shining

B.pleading

C.paving

D.polishing

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)shining“閃爍，發(fā)亮，發(fā)光，擦亮，擦光”；B選項(xiàng)pleading“懇求，辯護(hù)，引證，承認(rèn)”；C選項(xiàng)paving“鋪設(shè)，鋪（路）”；D選項(xiàng)polishing“打磨，擦亮，磨光”。句意：她花了幾天時(shí)間潤(rùn)色自己的演講稿，因此演講相當(dāng)成功。D選項(xiàng)polish還有“（使）優(yōu)美；潤(rùn)飾（通過(guò)修改，作小的變動(dòng)或增加新的內(nèi)容）”的意思，如：polishanarticle/aspeech潤(rùn)飾一篇文章/一篇演講稿。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

MyscheduletovisitAmericaforbusinessandhisplantocometoseeme______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.overturned

B.overlapped

C.overlaid

D.crisscrossed

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)overturn“推翻，傾覆”，B項(xiàng)overlap“與……重疊，與……互搭”，C項(xiàng)overlaid“覆蓋，放在……上面”，D項(xiàng)crisscross“在……上構(gòu)成十字形圖案，多次往返于”。根據(jù)句子意思“我去美國(guó)出差的時(shí)間表和他來(lái)看我的計(jì)劃”可知，空格填入overlapped表示“重合”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：我去美國(guó)出差的時(shí)間表和他來(lái)看我的計(jì)劃重疊了。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

______thebadweatherhasdelayedtheflight,soitwouldbeseveralhoursbeforetheycouldarrive.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Presumably

B.Respectively

C.Imaginably

D.Plausibly

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.Presumably大概B.Respectively分別地，各自地

C.Imaginably可想象地D.Plausibly似真地

【考查點(diǎn)】副詞辨析。

【解題思路】由結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中的wouldbe可知，這里表示推測(cè)，所以空格處填入presumably符合語(yǔ)境。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)都不表示推測(cè)，不符合句意。

【句意】大概是惡劣的天氣延誤了航班，所以他們要等好幾個(gè)小時(shí)才能到達(dá)。

19.單選題

ThelawexistsineverycivilizedsocietysothatGovernments,therichandthepowerfulcannot（

）theirposition.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.abuse

B.eradicate

C.legalize

D.threaten

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)abuse“濫用，妄用（權(quán)力、所知所聞）”；B選項(xiàng)eradicate“根除，消滅”；C選項(xiàng)legalize“使合法化，使得到法律認(rèn)可”；D選項(xiàng)threaten“威脅，恐嚇”?？崭裉帪橹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其賓語(yǔ)為theirposition，因此A選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意：法律存在于每一個(gè)文明社會(huì)，因此政府、富人和權(quán)貴不能濫用其職權(quán)。

20.單選題

Thesmallbirdsnative（

）centralandeasternEuropeusedtomigratesouthwesttospendthewinterinsouthernFrance,SpainandnorthernAfrica.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.in

B.onto

C.with

D.to

【答案】D

【解析】考察固定搭配。in在…里；onto在…上；with和…;nativeto表示“來(lái)自，產(chǎn)自”，句意：這種來(lái)自歐洲中部和東部的小鳥經(jīng)常會(huì)向西南方向遷徙，在法國(guó)、西班牙的南部和非洲北部過(guò)冬。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

21.單選題

（

）hetriedtounderstandShakespeare’stragedies,hefailedallthesame.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hardas

B.Ashard

C.Hardalthough

D.Thoughhard

【答案】A

【解析】考查as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：雖然他盡力去理解莎士比亞的悲劇作品，但是卻仍然失敗了。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

22.單選題

Ididn’tsayanythinglikethatatall.Youarepurposely______myideatoproveyourpoint.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.revising

B.contradicting

C.distorting

D.distracting

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)revise“修正、復(fù)習(xí)、校訂”；B項(xiàng)contradict“反駁、否定”；C項(xiàng)distort“扭曲、曲解”；D項(xiàng)distract“轉(zhuǎn)移、分心”；句意：我根本沒(méi)有那樣說(shuō)，你故意曲解我的觀點(diǎn)以證明你的論點(diǎn)。因此該題C項(xiàng)正確。

23.填空題

ShortlyafterWorldWarII,Americanartbegantogamerworldwideattentionand________.Thischangewasduetotheinnovativefervorofabstractexpressionisminthe1950s.(admire)

【答案】admiration

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】名詞。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞and，可知attention和橫線所在內(nèi)容為并列結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)該和attention一樣為名詞，admiration“贊賞”符合語(yǔ)境，指的是美國(guó)藝術(shù)引起全世界的贊賞。

【句意】第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后不久，美國(guó)藝術(shù)開始引起全世界的注意和贊賞。這種變化源于20世紀(jì)50年代抽象表現(xiàn)主義的創(chuàng)新熱情。

24.單選題

Theneedforsolarelectricityisclear.Itissafe,ecologicallysound,efficient,continuouslyavailable,andithasnomovingparts.Thebasicproblemwiththeuseofsolarphotovoltaicdevicesiseconomics,butuntilrecentlyverylittleprogresshasbeenmadetowardthedevelopmentoflow-costphotovoltaicdevices.Thelargerpartofresearchfundinghasbeendevotedtostudyofsingle-crystalsiliconsolarcells,despitetheevidence,includingthatoftheleadingmanufacturersofcrystallinesilicon,thatthetechniqueholdslittlepromise.Thereasonforthispatternisunderstandableandhistorical.Crystal-linesiliconistheactive,elementintheverysuccessfulsemiconductorindustry,andvirtuallyallofthesolidstatedevicescontainsilicontransistorsanddiodes.Crystallinesilicon,however,isparticularlyunsuitabletoterrestrialsolarcells.

Crystallinesiliconsolarcellsworkwellandaresuccessfullyusedinthespaceprogram,wherecostisnotanissue.Whilesingle-crystalsiliconhasbeenproveninextraterrestrialusewithefficienciesashighas18percent,andothermoreexpensiveandscarcematerialssuchasgalliumarsenidecanhaveevenhigherefficiencies,costsmustbereducedbyafactorofmorethan100tomakethempracticalforcommercialuse.Besidethefactthatthestartingcrystallinesiliconisexpensive,95percentofitiswastedanddoesnotappearinthefinaldevice.Recently,therehavebeensomeimaginativeattemptstomakepolycrystallineandribbonsilicon,whicharelowerincostthanhighqualitysinglecrystals;buttodateefficienciesoftheseapparentlylower-costarrayshavebeenunacceptablysmall.Moreover,thesematerialsarecheaperonlybecauseoftheintroductionofdisorderingincrystallinesemiconductors,anddisorderdegradestheefficiencyofcrystallinesolarcells.

Thisdilemmacanbeavoidedbypreparingcompletelydisorderedoramorphousmaterials.Amorphousmaterialshavedisorderedatomicstructureascomparedtocrystallinematerials:thatis,theyhaveonlyshort-rangeorderratherthanthelong-rangeperiodicityofcrystals.Theadvantagesofamorphoussolarcellsareimpressive.Whereascrystalscanbegrownaswafersaboutfourinchesindiameter,amorphousmaterialscanbegrownoverlargeareasinasingleprocess.Whereascrystallinesiliconmustbemade200micronsthicktoabsorbasufficientamountofsunlightforefficientenergyconversion,only1micronoftheproperamorphousmaterialsisnecessary.Crystallinesiliconsolarcellscostinexcessof$100persquarefoot,butamorphousfilmscanbecreatedatacostofabout50cpersquarefoot.

Althoughmanyscientistswereawareoftheverylowcostofamorphoussolarcells,theyfeltthattheycouldneverbemanufacturedwiththeefficienciesnecessarycontributesignificantlytothedemandforelectricpower.Thiswasbasedonamisconceptionaboutthefeaturewhichdeterminesefficiency.Forexample,itisnottheconductivityofthematerialinthedarkwhichisrelevant,butonlythephotoconductivity,thatis,theconductivityinthepresenceofsunlight.Already,solarcellswithefficiencieswellabove6percenthavebeendevelopedusingamorphousmaterials,andfurtherresearchwilldoubtlessfindevenlesscostlyamorphousmaterialwithefficiencies.

1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Theauthormentionsrecentattemptstomakepolycrystallineandribbonsiliconprimarilyinorderto

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingpairsoftermsdoestheauthorregardasmostnearlysynonymous?

4.Thematerialinthepassagecouldbestbeusedinanargumentfor（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.advocatingincreasedgovernmentfundingforresearchonalternativeenergysources

B.explainingthefunctioningofsolarcells

C.presentingahistoryofresearchonenergysources

D.describingapossiblesolutiontotheproblemofthecostofphotovoltaiccells

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.minimizetheimportanceofrecentimprovementsinsiliconsolarcells

B.demonstratethesuperiorityofamorphousmaterialsovercrystallinesilicon

C.informthereaderthatanalternativetypeofsolarcellexists

D.contrastcrystallinesiliconwithpolycrystallineandribbonsilicon

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.solarandextraterrestrial

B.photovoltaicdevicesandsolarcells.

C.crystallinesiliconandamorphousmaterials

D.amorphousmaterialsandhigherefficiencies

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.discontinuingthespaceprogram

B.increasedfundingforresearchonamorphousmaterials

C.furtherstudyofthehistoryofsiliconcrystals

D.increasedrelianceonsolarenergy

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。由“Thebasicproblemwiththeuseofsolarphotovoltaicdevicesiseconomics,butuntilrecentlyverylittleprogresshasbeenmadetowardthedevelopmentoflow-costphotovoltaicdevices.使用太陽(yáng)能光伏設(shè)備的基本問(wèn)題是經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題，但直到最近，在開發(fā)低成本光伏設(shè)備方面幾乎沒(méi)有取得進(jìn)展。”以及第三段amorphousmaterials的優(yōu)點(diǎn)可知作者關(guān)心尋找低成本的可替代能源。可知D項(xiàng)“描述了光伏電池成本問(wèn)題的一種可能解決方案”相符。

2.判斷推理題從“Recently，therehavebeensomeimaginativeattemptsto

makepolycrystallineandribbonsilicon,whicharelowerincostthanhighqualitysinglecrystals;buttodateefficienciesoftheseapparentlylower-costarrayshavebeenunacceptablysmall.Moreover,thesematerialsarecheaperonlybecauseoftheintroductionofdisorderingincrystallinesemiconductors,anddisorderdegradestheefficiencyofcrystallinesolarcells.但到目前為止，這些成本明顯較低的陣列的效率一直小得令人無(wú)法接受。此外，這些材料更便宜只是因?yàn)榫w半導(dǎo)體中無(wú)序的引入，無(wú)序降低了晶體太陽(yáng)能電池的效率。”由此可以推理，這種嘗試改進(jìn)沒(méi)有多大的價(jià)值，可知A項(xiàng)“盡量減少近期硅太陽(yáng)能電池改進(jìn)的重要性”正確。B項(xiàng)“說(shuō)明非晶態(tài)材料優(yōu)于晶態(tài)硅材料”；C項(xiàng)“告訴讀者，有一種替代類型的太陽(yáng)能電池存在”D項(xiàng)“對(duì)比晶體硅與多晶硅和帶狀硅”。

3.判斷推理題。由第一段“Thebasicproblemwiththeuseofsolarhotovoltaicdevicesiseconomics使用太陽(yáng)能光電器件的基本問(wèn)題是經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題”下文多次用solarcells替代photovoltaicdevices可知photovoltaicdevices和solarcells是同義詞。

4.判斷推理題。由第三段“Thisdilemmacanbeavoidedbypreparingcompletelydisorderedoramorphousmaterials.Amorphousmaterialshavedisorderedatomicstructureascomparedtocrystallinematerials:thatis,theyhaveonlyshort-rangeorderratherthanthelong-rangeperiodicityofcrystals.Theadvantagesofamorphoussolarcellsareimpressive.這種困境可以通過(guò)制備完全無(wú)序或非晶態(tài)的材料來(lái)避免。與晶體材料相比，非晶態(tài)材料具有無(wú)序的原子結(jié)構(gòu)，即它們只具有短期的有序，而沒(méi)有晶體的長(zhǎng)期周期性。非晶態(tài)太陽(yáng)能電池的優(yōu)點(diǎn)令人印象深刻?！敝械腶morphousmaterial的優(yōu)點(diǎn)以及最后一段中“furtherresearchwilldoubtlessfindevenlesscostlyamorphousmaterialwithefficiencies.進(jìn)一步的研究無(wú)疑會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)成本更低、效率更高的非晶態(tài)材料?！笨芍猘morphousmaterial有望成為太陽(yáng)能的替代能源，故應(yīng)該增加對(duì)其的投資。B項(xiàng)“增加對(duì)非晶材料的研究經(jīng)費(fèi)”符合題意。

25.單選題

Inthewife’seyes,his（）totheirmarriagelifeisfarfromperfect.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.requirement

B.commitment

C.participation

D.reflection

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)requirement“要求”；B選項(xiàng)commitment“承諾，保證”；C選項(xiàng)participation“參與，分享”；D選項(xiàng)reflection“反射，沉思”。句意：在妻子眼中，他對(duì)婚姻生活的承諾是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的。選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

26.單選題

Peopletendto_______howdistincttheirownlivesare,sothecommonalitytheyenjoywithotherpeopleseemtothemaseriesofsmallmiracles.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deny

B.overlook

C.exaggerate

D.ignore

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)deny“否定；拒絕承認(rèn)”；B選項(xiàng)overlook“俯瞰；未注意到；（對(duì)不良現(xiàn)象等）視而不見”；C選項(xiàng)exaggerate“夸大，言過(guò)其實(shí)”；D選項(xiàng)ignore“無(wú)視，佯裝未見”。句意：人們傾向于_______自己的生活是如何獨(dú)特，所以他們與他人的共性看起來(lái)是他們一系列的小小奇跡。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，人們總覺(jué)得自己的生活很獨(dú)特，所以看到和別人的共性時(shí)覺(jué)得簡(jiǎn)直就是奇跡，這里指人們夸大自己的獨(dú)特性，所以exaggerate“夸大，言過(guò)其實(shí)”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

27.單選題

Scientificevidencefromdifferent_______demonstratesthatinmosthumansthelefthemisphereofthebraincontrolslanguage.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.scopes

B.ranges

C.disciplines

D.arrays

【答案】C

【解析】scopes范圍,領(lǐng)域;ranges范圍,區(qū)間;disciplines學(xué)科;arrays陣列,數(shù)組。句意：來(lái)自不同學(xué)科的科學(xué)證據(jù)表明,大多數(shù)人的大腦左半球控制著語(yǔ)言功能。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

28.單選題

Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirrorortheglassintheroofofagreenhousewhichallowsthesun'sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.

Accordingtoaweatherexpert'sprediction,theatmospherewillbe3°Cwarmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarming-uptookplace,theicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetresandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresultinginanalterationoftheearth'schieffoodgrowingzones.

Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthickericesheet.ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming,inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.

SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.

However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhavegonebeyondthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?

Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand"cold"spots(thatis,therelativelylesshotspots)onthesun.Asthesunrotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotteror"colder"facestotheearth,anddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableeffectonthedistributionoftheearth'satmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwindcirculation.Thesunisalsochangeableoveralongterm:itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.

Scientistsarenowfindingsharedrelationsbetweenmodelsofsolarweatherinteractionsandtheactualclimateovermanythousandsofyears,includingthelastIceAge.TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertiaoftheearth'sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulopposedbalancetothesun'sfadingheat.

1.Itcanbeconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewould（

）.

2.Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain（

）.

3.Althoughthefuelconsumptionisgreaterinthenorthernhemisphere,temperaturesthereseemtobefalling.Thisis（

）.

4.Onthebasisoftheirmodels,scientistsbelievetheopinionthat（

）.

5.IftheassumptionaboutthedelayofanewIceAgeiscorrect,（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.preventthesun’sraysfromreachingtheearth’ssurface

B.meanawarming-upintheArctic

C.accountforgreatchangesintheclimateinthenorthernhemisphere

D.raisethetemperatureoftheearth’ssurface.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thegreenhouseeffect

B.thesolareffectsontheearth

C.themodelsofsolar-weatherinteractions

D.thecausesaffectingweather

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.mainlybecausethelevelsofcarbondioxidearerising

B.possiblebecausetheicecapsinthepolesaremelting

C.exclusivelyduetotheeffectoftheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate

D.partlyduetovariationsintheoutputofsolarenergy

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theclimateoftheworldshouldbebecomingcooler

B.itwilltakethousandsofyearsfortheinertiaoftheearth’sclimatetotakeeffect

C.theman-madewarningeffecthelpstoincreasethesolareffects

D.thenewIceAgewillbedelayedbythegreenhouseeffect

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thebestwaytoovercomethecoolingeffectwouldbetoburnmorefuels.

B.icewouldsooncoverthenorthernhemisphere.

C.theincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxideintheastrospherecouldwarmuptheearthevenmorequickly.

D.thegreenhouseeffectcouldworktotheadvantageoftheearth.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。文章第一段的內(nèi)容為：在大氣中，二氧化碳的作用就像一面單面鏡子或溫室屋頂上的玻璃，它允許陽(yáng)光進(jìn)入，但阻止熱量溢出。因此選D，在大氣中二氧化碳的濃度將提高地球表面的溫度。

第2題:主旨大意題。文章第一段至第四段主要講了二氧化碳對(duì)全球氣候的影響，最后兩段主要講了太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)對(duì)全球氣候變暖的影響，因此選D，本文主要解釋影響天氣的原因。

第3題:推理判斷題。由文章第五段中However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling...Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?和第六段中第一句Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun（一種可能是太陽(yáng)的變化行為）可知選D，部分的原因是太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)的變化。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章最后一段中TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.（問(wèn)題是，這些模型預(yù)測(cè)，世界應(yīng)該進(jìn)入一個(gè)新的冰河時(shí)代，但事實(shí)并非如此）可知A選項(xiàng)“世界氣候應(yīng)該變得更冷”符合題意。

第5題:推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulopposedbalancetothesun'sfadingheat.（如果這是正確的，那么二氧化碳的溫室效應(yīng)可以抵消太陽(yáng)熱量的減少）可知選B，如果關(guān)于新冰河延期的假設(shè)是正確的，那么冰很快就會(huì)覆蓋北半球。

29.單選題

High-gradewrittenpaperisfrequentlyobtainedfromcottonrags.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.High-grade

B.written

C.frequently

D.obtained

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)題意，B選項(xiàng)應(yīng)該用來(lái)修飾paper，意為“寫字的紙”，所以應(yīng)該改用writingpaper。句意：高級(jí)的用來(lái)寫字的紙應(yīng)該由棉布制成。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

30.單選題

Apasser-bywasquickenoughto（）thefallingchildanddrewhimoutthepathofalorry.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.putaway

B.liftedup

C.grabbedat

D.soughtafter

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。putaway收拾；放好；liftedup升起；舉起；鼓舞；grabbedat抓住，抓牢；soughtafter找尋，探索。句意：一個(gè)過(guò)路人很快地抓住了那個(gè)摔倒的孩子，把他拖出了卡車的軌道。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

31.單選題

Theelectronicallydevelopedcountriesare______nothinglessthantheabandonmentofreadingandwritingofwrittenlanguageitself,andinitsplace,therecreationoforalculture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.accessing

B.evolving

C.witnessing

D.misleading

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)access“接近，使用，訪問(wèn)”，B項(xiàng)evolve“發(fā)展，進(jìn)化，使逐步形成”，C項(xiàng)witness“目擊，見證，為……作證”，D項(xiàng)mislead“誤導(dǎo)，帶錯(cuò)”。根據(jù)空格后的賓語(yǔ)nothinglessthantheabandonmentofreadingandwritingofwrittenlanguageitself“對(duì)書面語(yǔ)言本身的閱讀和書寫的完全拋棄”可知，“目睹、見證”符合語(yǔ)境。句意：在電子發(fā)達(dá)的國(guó)家，人們目睹了對(duì)書面語(yǔ)言本身的閱讀和書寫的拋棄，取而代之的是口頭文化的再造。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

32.翻譯題

Technologyisconstantlynarrowingthegapbetweensciencefictionandreality,bringingfundamentalchangesintoourlives.AccordingtoIBMresearchers,infiveyearswewon’tneedpasswords,won’tbebotheredbyjunkmailandwillbeabletocontrolmanyofourmachineswithourminds.TheAmericantechnologycompanyreleasedits6thannualFive-in-Five,alistoffiveinnovationsthefirmexpectstoseewithinfiveyears.Oneofthemwillenableustogeneratesmallamountsofenergytosupplementtheelectricpowerweuseinourhomes.“Youcandomicro-electronicgeneration,”saysBernieMeyerson,vicepresidentofInnovationatIBM.“Forinstance,youcanhavesomebodyinthethirdworldwhohasaccesstoaphoneorasmartphone,butdoesn’thaveaccesstoapowergrid,whichisaverycommonthingandliterallyinashoehassomethingthatrecoversenergyfromwalkingandcanchargethebatterytoenablethatpersontoactuallybecomeconnectedwiththerestoftheworld.”

【答案】答：

日新月異的科技不斷縮小科幻小說(shuō)和科學(xué)事實(shí)之間的差距，還給我們的生活帶來(lái)了根本上的改變。根據(jù)IBM研究人員的預(yù)測(cè)，5年內(nèi)我們就不再需要密碼，也不再會(huì)被垃圾電郵打攪，我們還能用我們的思維操控許多機(jī)器。美國(guó)科技公司IBM日前公布了第6次的“未來(lái)5年5大科技預(yù)測(cè)”，這是IBM預(yù)測(cè)我們將在未來(lái)5年看見的5大科技創(chuàng)新。其中一項(xiàng)將使我們能產(chǎn)生小量能源供給家戶電力。IBM創(chuàng)新部門的副主管梅爾森說(shuō)：“你可以進(jìn)行小容量的發(fā)電。例如，第三世界的某個(gè)人有一部手機(jī)或智慧型手機(jī)，但卻沒(méi)有電力供應(yīng)，這是很常見的事。在他的鞋里面裝上靠走路發(fā)電的裝置，他的手機(jī)隨時(shí)能充電，使這個(gè)人真正跟全世界聯(lián)結(jié)了起來(lái)?！?/p>

33.單選題

Althoughnotaneconomisthimself,Dr.Smithhaslongbeenaseverecriticofthegovernment’s—（

）policies.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.economical

B.economic

C.economy

D.economics

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)economical“經(jīng)濟(jì)的，實(shí)惠的，節(jié)儉的”；B選項(xiàng)economic“經(jīng)濟(jì)上的，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的，有利可圖的”；C選項(xiàng)economy“經(jīng)濟(jì)，經(jīng)濟(jì)情況”；D選項(xiàng)economics“經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)”?？崭裉帪樾稳菰~作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞policies，B選項(xiàng)符合邏輯搭配。句意：史密斯博士本人雖然