書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Whensheenteredtheroom,thesmellofherperfumeimmediately（）theroom.

問題1選項

A.distributed

B.penetrated

C.pervaded

D.perished

【答案】C

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。distribute“分配,散布”;penetrate“滲透,穿透”;pervade“遍及,彌漫”;perish“使麻木,毀壞”。句意:當(dāng)她走進(jìn)房間,她身上的香水味立刻彌漫了整個房間。選項C符合句意。

2.寫作題

Writeanessayonthegiventopic"OnUniversity".Basedonthefollowingoutline,presentyourargumentwithsupportingdetailsofnolessthan250words.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

1.大學(xué)的功能

2.大學(xué)是否實現(xiàn)了目標(biāo)

3.如何改進(jìn)

【答案】OnUniversity

Itisaclearfactthatourcountryattachesgreatimportancetoeducationandtherearemuchmorestudentswhobecomeuniversityfreshmeneachyear.Althoughtheyhaveenteredintotheiridealsanctum,dotheyreallyknowabouttheuniversity?

Inmyopinion,universityisnotonlyaplaceofacquiringknowledgebutaplaceofgettingintegrateddevelopmentaswell.Auniversitystudentisonthebestphaseofforminghisowncharacteranddevelopinghisall-aroundcapacity.However,teachersintheclassstillkeeptotraditionalteachingmethod,whichhardlycreateakindofenvironmentwherestudentshavechancetoexpresstheirownthoughts.Inaddition,auniversitycanbedescribedasabridgebetweenstudentsandsociety.Ifitdoesn’tlinkthebothsides,ornotenough,oncestudentsstepintosociety,theymaybepuzzledbymanythingsandscarcelyknowhowtodealwiththem.Sohowtoimproveuniversityeducation?Weshouldinnovateuponteachingmethodonthebasisoftraditionalonesoastoletstudentshavemorechancestospeakouttheirownthinking.Wecanalsoholdasmalldiscussingmeetingtodealwiththerealproblemsfromsociety,thereforewhenstudentsgooutofthecampus,theywilladaptthemselvestothesocietyquickly.

Tosumup,nowadaysthemainproblemsexistinginuniversityeducationisthatmoststudentslackofabilitytothinkindependentlyandtodealwithcomplexthingsinoursociety.I’msuretheseproblemswillbesolvedaslongascorrectandeffectivemeasurescanbetaken.

3.單選題

Beingborninthesummercouldgiveyouasunnydispositionforlife.Andawinterbirthdaymightcastapermanentshadow______yourhappiness,scientistsbelieve.

問題1選項

A.through

B.cross

C.beneath

D.over

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。castapermanentshadowover…“給……投上陰影；使減弱”。句意：出生在夏天可以給你的生活一個陽光的性格?？茖W(xué)家們認(rèn)為，冬季的生日可能會給你的幸福蒙上永久的陰影。因此選項D符合題意。

4.單選題

Outof（

）revenge,hedidhisworsttoblackenhercharacterandruinherreputation.

問題1選項

A.sheer

B.total

C.integral

D.perfect

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。sheer意為“完全的，純粹的，十足的”；total意為“總計的”；integral意為“完整的”；perfect意為“完美的”。

句意：純粹是為了報復(fù)，他竭力抹黑她的人格，詆毀她的名譽。

5.問答題

Thoseofyouwhoapprovethedeathpenaltymightbeabletogive91.

NewJerseysomeadviceonthatyouthinkthebestwayistoexecutesome-92.

one.It’soneofthestatesthatcan’tdecide.Everyoneisalwayslookingfor

themosthumanemethod,butifyouareamongthepeoplewhothinkthe

deathpenaltyisadeterrentcrime,puttingsomeonetodeathinthemost93.

humanemannerisn’tthebestwaytogetwhatyouaregoingafter.Ifyou94.

wanttoscarecriminalsoffmurder,maybeyou’dwanttoconsideralaw

thatcouldcalluptorturingthemtodeath.95.

Howaboutburyingtheminsanduptotheirchinsandleavethemin96.

thehotsun?I’vereadthattheydoitthatwayinsomeMiddleEastcoun-97.

tries.Thatwouldsurelydeteranywould-bemurdererwhocan’ttakethe

heat,Ishouldthink.

Anotherthingyoushouldconsideradeterrentisthefiringsquad.It’s98.

dramatic,it’slong-drown-out,andunlessyoualsomakeitmandatoryfor99.

thetelevisionnetworkstoshowitontheeveningnews,everyonewould

watchandthinkoftwiceorperhapseventhreeorfourtimesbeforemur-100.

deringanyone.

【答案】91.might→must。

92.that→why。

93.crime→punishment

94.after→for

95.up→upon

96.leave→leaving

97.在thatway前加in

98.在consider后加as

99.在it’s前加上but

100.去掉off

【解析】91.語義題。句意應(yīng)為:你們當(dāng)中贊成死刑的人應(yīng)該給新澤西州說說你們?yōu)槭裁从X得最好的辦法就是處死一個人。

92.語法分析。考查賓語從句。句意應(yīng)為:你們當(dāng)中贊成死刑的人應(yīng)該給新澤西州說說你們?yōu)槭裁从X得最好的辦法就是處死一個人。

93.語義題。句意：根據(jù)常識我們也應(yīng)知道，死刑是一種懲罰而不是罪行。

94.固定搭配。goafter追逐,追求;gofor選擇,努力爭取。

95.固定搭配。callupsth.使回憶起，調(diào)出備用;callupon邀請,請求,要求。

96.語法分析。leave和bury一樣，都是about的賓語，故都用ing形式。

97.固定搭配。inthatway以那種方式。

98.固定搭配。considersth.assth.把…看作…。

99.邏輯關(guān)系。兩個句子間缺乏連接詞，long-drown-out意為“曠日持久的”與前面形成轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，故加but。

100.固定搭配。thinktwice三思而后行。

6.單選題

Angryengineerschallengedthestatisticalsignificanceofthestudy’ssmallsampleandlabeleditsloppyscience.

問題1選項

A.careless

B.doubtful

C.invalid

D.worthless

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.careless不仔細(xì)的，粗心的（沒有足夠的關(guān)注和思考）B.doubtful不確定的，懷疑的

C.invalid病弱者D.worthless沒用的，無價值的

【答案】A

【考查點】形容詞辨析。

【解題思路】sloppy的意思為“馬虎的，草率的（缺乏關(guān)心、思考或努力）”，在這里指研究的樣本太小，這樣的研究非常隨意，欠缺考慮，careless與之詞義相近，因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】憤怒的工程師們質(zhì)疑這項研究中小樣本的統(tǒng)計意義，并將其貼上草率的標(biāo)簽。

7.單選題

Themajorityofthetimeyouwillfeelnopain.However,aftereachsessionyoucouldpossiblyfeelemotional,amildheadache,orfatigue.

問題1選項

A.depression

B.exhaustion

C.faintness

D.anger

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項depression“沮喪；不景氣；憂愁”；B選項exhaustion“枯竭；耗盡；疲憊”；C選項faintness“模糊；微弱；衰弱”；D選項anger“憤怒；怒氣”。句意：大多數(shù)時候你不會感到疼痛。然而，在每個療程之后，你可能會感到情緒波動，輕微的頭痛或……。exhaustion和faintness都會有疲憊的意思，exhaustion指一般的疲憊狀態(tài)。faintness是指虛弱和疲倦并可能變得無意識的狀態(tài)，情況較為嚴(yán)重。而根據(jù)關(guān)鍵信息amildheadache“輕微的頭痛”連接詞可知后面的單詞也應(yīng)該與表示身體狀態(tài)的單詞有關(guān)。因此B選項符合題意。

8.單選題

Takentogether,income,occupation,andeducationaregoodmeasuresofpeople'ssocialstanding.Usingalayeredmodelofstratification,mostsociologistsdescribetheclasssystemintheUnitedStatesasdividedintoseveralclasses:upper,uppermiddle,middle,lowermiddle,andlowerclass.Eachclassisdefinedbycharacteristicssuchasincome,occupationalprestige,andeducationalattainment.Thedifferentgroupsarearrayedalongacontinuumwiththosewiththemostmoney,education,andprestigeatthetopandthosewiththeleastatthebottom.

IntheUnitedStates,theupperclassownsthemajorshareofcorporateandpersonalwealth;itincludesthosewhohaveheldwealthforgenerationsaswellasthosewhohaverecentlybecomerich.Onlyaverysmallproportionofpeopleactuallyconstitutetheupperclass,buttheycontrolvastamountsofwealthandpowerintheUnitedStates.Theyexerciseenormouscontrolthroughoutsociety.Mostoftheirwealthisinherited.

Despitesocialmythstothecontrary,thebestpredictoroffuturewealthisthefamilyintowhichyouareborn.Eachyear,thebusinessmagazineForbespublishesalistofthe"Forbes400"—thefourhundredwealthiestfamiliesandindividualsinthecountry.OfallthewealthrepresentedontheForbes400list,morethanhalfisinherited,thoseonthelistwhocouldbecalled"self-made"werenottypicallyofmodestorigins;mostinheritedsignificantassets(Forbes,1997;SklarandCollins,1997).Thoseintheupperclasswithnewlyacquiredwealthareknownasthenouveauriche.Althoughtheymayhavevastamountsofmoney,theyareoftennotacceptedinto"oldrich"circles.

Theuppermiddleclassincludesthosewithhighincomesandhighsocialprestige.Theytendtobewell-educatedprofessionalsorbusinessexecutives.Theirearningscanbequitehighindeed—successfulbusinessexecutivescanearnmillionsofdollarsayear.Itisdifficulttoestimateexactlyhowmanypeoplefallintothisgroupbecauseofthedifficultyofdrawinglinesbetweentheupper,uppermiddle,andmiddleclass.Indeed,theuppermiddleclassisoftenthoughtofas"middleclass"becausetheirlifestylesetsthestandardtowhichmanyaspire,butthislifestyleissimplybeyondthemeansofamajorityofpeopleintheUnitedStates.

Themiddleclassishardtodefine;inpart,being"middleclass"ismorethanjusteconomicposition.ByfarthemajorityofAmericansidentifythemselvesasmiddleclasseventhoughtheyvarywidelyinlifestyleandinresourcesattheirdisposal.ButtheideathattheUnitedStatesisanopen-classsystemleadsmanytothinkthatthemajorityhaveamiddle-classlifestylebecause,ingeneral,peopletendnottowanttorecognizeclassdistinctionsintheUnitedStates.Thus,themiddleclassbecomestheubiquitousnormeventhoughmanywhocallthemselvesmiddleclasshaveatenuousholdonthisclassposition.

Inthehierarchyofsocialclass,thelowermiddleclassincludesworkersintheskilledtradesandlow-incomebureaucraticworkers,manyofwhommayactuallydefinethemselvesasmiddleclass.Examplesareblue-collarworkers(thoseinskilledtradeswhodomanuallabor)andmanyserviceworkerssuchassecretaries,hairdressers,waitresses,police,andfirefighters.Mediumtolowincome,education,andoccupationalprestigedefinethelowermiddleclassrelativetotheclassgroupsaboveit.Theterm"lower"inthisclassdesignationreferstotherelativepositionofthegroupinthestratificationsystem,butithasapejorativesoundtomanypeople,especiallytopeoplewhoaremembersofthisclass.

Thelowerclassiscomposedprimarilyofthedisplacedandpoor.Peopleinthisclasshavelittleformaleducationandareoftenunemployedorworkinginminimum-wagejobs.Fortypercentofthepoorwork;10percentworkyear-roundandfulltime—aproportionthathasgenerallyincreasedovertime.Recently,theconceptoftheunderclasshasbeenaddedtothelowerclass.Theunderclassincludesthosewhohavebeenleftbehindbycontemporaryeconomicdevelopments.Rejectedfromtheeconomicsystem,thoseintheunderclassmaybecomedependentonpublicassistanceorillegalactivities.

1.Whydoestheauthormentionthe"Forbes400”inparagraph3?

2.Accordingtoparagraph5,whydomostpeopleidentifythemselvesasmiddleclassintheUnitedStates?

3.WhatcanbeinferredaboutpoorpeopleintheUnitedStates?

4.Accordingtoparagraph7,whyhastheunderclassemerged?

問題1選項

A.Toexplainthemeaningofthelistingthatappearseveryyear

B.Tosupportthestatementthatmostwealthypeopleinherittheirmoney

C.Tocastdoubtontheclaimthatfamilyincomepredictsindividualwealth

D.Togiveexamplesofsuccessfulpeoplewhohavemodestfamilyconnections

問題2選項

A.Theyhaveaboutthesamelifestyleaseveryoneelseinthecountry

B.Theydon'treallyknowhowtodefinetheirstatusbecauseitisunclear

C.TheyprefernottoadmitthatthereareclassdistinctionsintheUnitedStates

D.Theyidentifythemselveswiththemajoritieswhohavenormallifestyles

問題3選項

A.Theyarenotabletofindentry-leveljobs

B.Theydonottrytofindemployment

C.Theyareserviceworkersandmanuallaborers.

D.Theyworkinjobsthatrequirelittleeducation

問題4選項

A.Changesintheeconomyhavecausedanentireclassofpeopletosurvivebywelfareorcrime

B.Thenewtermwasnecessarybecausethelowerclassenjoyedahigherlifestylethanithadpreviously

C.Theincreaseincrimehassupportedanewclassofpeoplewholivebyengaginginillegalactivities

D.Minimum-wagejobsnolongersupportaclassofpeopleatastandardlevelintheeconomicsystem

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘為什么作者在第三段提到“福布斯400強”?’根據(jù)第三段第一句Despitesocialmythstothecontrary,thebestpredictoroffuturewealthisthefamilyintowhichyouareborn.“盡管社會上關(guān)于他們的神話總與事實相反，但是預(yù)測未來財富只要看你出生的家庭就行了”和第四句Thoseonthelistwhocouldbecalled“self-made”werenottypicallyofmodestorigins;mostinheritedsignificantassets.“榜單上那些可以被稱為“白手起家”的人并不是典型的出身貧寒；最重要的繼承資產(chǎn)。”可以確定B選項“支持大部分富人都是繼承了家庭財產(chǎn)的論點”。A選項“解釋每年公布財富榜單的意義”沒有在文章中提及；C選項“對家庭收入可以推測個人財富這一觀點提出質(zhì)疑”和D選項“舉例說明大部分富人與家庭之間的關(guān)系不多”與原文意思相反。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘根據(jù)第5段，為什么在美國大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為自己是中產(chǎn)階級?’根據(jù)第五段第三句ButtheideathattheUnitedStatesinanopen-classsystemleadsmanytothinkthatthemajorityhaveamiddle-classlifestylebecause,ingeneral,peopletendnottowanttorecognizeclassdistinctionsintheUnitedStates.“但是，美國是一個開放的階級制度，這一觀點使許多人認(rèn)為，大多數(shù)人都過著中產(chǎn)階級的生活方式，因為一般來說，人們不愿意承認(rèn)美國的階級差別?！焙偷谒木銽hus,themiddleclassbecomestheubiquitousnormeventhoughmanywhocallthemselvesmiddleclasshaveatenuousholdonthisclassposition.“因此，中產(chǎn)階級成為了普遍存在的規(guī)范，盡管許多自稱中產(chǎn)階級的人對這個階級地位的把握微乎其微?！贝_定C選項“人們不愿意去了解階級的不同”正確。A選項“他們其他人有著相同的生活方式”與原文的不同階級劃分相反，排除；B選項“因為不清楚階級，所以他們不知道如何去定義自己的位置”沒有在文章中提及，排除；D選項“他們認(rèn)定自己和大多數(shù)人一樣有著正常的生活方式”與題干沒有關(guān)聯(lián)，排除。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問‘關(guān)于美國的窮人，我們可以推斷出什么?’根據(jù)最后一段第一句Thelowerclassiscomposedprimarilyofthedisplacedandpoor.“較低階級是由無家可歸的窮人組成的”和第二句Peopleinthisclasshavelittleformaleducationandareoftenunemployedorworkinginminimum-wagejobs.“這個階層的人幾乎沒有接受過正規(guī)教育，經(jīng)常失業(yè)或從事最低工資的工作。”確定D選項“他們從事的工作不要求高學(xué)歷”正確。A選項“他們無法找到初級職位”和B選項“他們沒有嘗試找工作”沒有在文章中提及。C選項“他們屬于服務(wù)行業(yè)人員和手工勞動者”根據(jù)文章信息，這類人是屬于中下階級，與題干不符。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘根據(jù)第7段，為什么出現(xiàn)了下層階級?’根據(jù)最后一段第五句Theunderclassincludesthosewhohavebeenleftbehindbycontemporaryeconomicdevelopment.“下層階級包括那些被當(dāng)代經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展拋在后面的人。”和第六句Rejectedfromtheeconomicsystem,thoseintheunderclassmaybecomedependentonpublicassistanceorillegalactivities.“被排斥在經(jīng)濟(jì)體系之外的下層階級可能會依賴公共援助或非法活動。”確定A選項“經(jīng)濟(jì)體系的變化導(dǎo)致底層的人只能靠社會救濟(jì)或者違法行為來生存”。

9.單選題

Hestillsuffersfromararetopicaldiseasewhichhe（）,whileworkingtoAfrica.

問題1選項

A.infected

B.incurred

C.contracted

D.infested

【答案】C

【解析】本題是動詞辨析題。infected“感染”；incurred“招致；蒙受”，contracted“合同；感染；收縮”；infested“大批滋生”，根據(jù)句意可知這里是指“感染了某種病”，所以此處的動詞要從infected和contracted之間來選擇，infect這個動作的發(fā)出者是疾病，強調(diào)疾病的感染性；而contract強調(diào)的是人感染疾病，動作的發(fā)出者是人，此處強調(diào)的是人感染疾病，故正確答案為選項C。

10.單選題

Manytouristswere（

）bythecity’scomplicatedtrafficsystem.

問題1選項

A.degraded

B.bewildered

C.evoked

D.diverted

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。degrade“降級，降低，退化”；bewilder“使迷惑”；evoke“引起，喚起”；divert“轉(zhuǎn)移”。句意：很多游客都被這個城市復(fù)雜的交通系統(tǒng)弄得暈頭轉(zhuǎn)向。選項B符合題意。

11.單選題

Todaythepublicismuchconcernedabouttheway（

）.

問題1選項

A.natureisbeingruined

B.whichnatureisruined

C.onwhichtoruinnature

D.ofnaturetoberuined

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語從句。當(dāng)先行詞為theway時，關(guān)系代詞可以是that/inwhich或者省略。

句意：如今，公眾非常關(guān)心自然受到破壞的方式。

12.單選題

Thisresearchhasattractedwide（

）coverageandhasbeenfeaturedonBBCtelevision’sTomorrow’sWorld.

問題1選項

A.message

B.information

C.media

D.data

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這項研究吸引了媒體的廣泛報道,并在英國廣播公司電視臺的《明日世界》節(jié)目中進(jìn)行了專題報道。選項中只有C選項符合句意。

13.單選題

Hewantstostarthisownbusiness,but_______handlingpayroll,governmentcompliance,andbenefitschores.

問題1選項

A.loathe

B.remark

C.uphold

D.systematize

【答案】A

【解析】loathe討厭，厭惡;remark評論,談及;uphold支持,贊成;systematize系統(tǒng)化。句意：他想自己創(chuàng)業(yè)，但又討厭處理工資、應(yīng)對政府法規(guī)和處理收益上的瑣事。選項A符合句意。

14.單選題

Whatwecallnatureis,______,thesumofthechangesmadebyallthevariouscreaturesandnaturalforcesintheirintricateactionsandinfluencesuponeachotherandupontheirplaces.

問題1選項

A.incommonsense

B.fromasense

C.bythesense

D.inasense

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.incommonsense普通常識B.fromasense從一種感覺

C.bythesense憑感覺D.inasense在某種意義上

【考查點】插入語。

【解題思路】分析句子可知，句子結(jié)構(gòu)意義完整，而空格處位于系動詞和表語之間，且用逗號隔開，可推知空格處填入一個插入語，按照句意“我們所稱的自然，______，就是一切不同的生物和自然力在其相互作用和相互影響的過程中所發(fā)生的變化的總和”可知，空格處填入D項符合句意，故該題選擇D項。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C項都不符合句意。

【句意】從某種意義上說，我們所稱的自然，就是一切不同的生物和自然力在其相互作用和相互影響的過程中所發(fā)生的變化的總和。

15.單選題

Oneofthemostdifficultaspectsofdecidingwhethercurrentclimaticeventsrevealevidenceoftheimpactofhumanactivitiesisthatitishardtogetameasureofwhatconstitutesthenaturalvariabilityoftheclimate.Weknowthatoverthepastmillenniatheclimatehasundergonemajorchangeswithoutanysignificanthumanintervention.Wealsoknowthattheglobalclimatesystemisimmenselycomplicatedandthateverythingisinsomewayconnected,andsothesystemiscapableoffluctuatinginunexpectedways.Weneedthereforetoknowhowmuchtheclimatecanvaryofitsownaccordinordertointerpretwithconfidencetheextenttowhichrecentchangesarenaturalasopposedtobeingtheresultofhumanactivities.

Instrumentalrecordsdonotgobackfarenoughtoprovideuswithreliablemeasurementsofglobalclimaticvariabilityontimescaleslongerthanacentury.Whatwedoknowisthatasweincludelongertimeintervals,therecordshowsincreasingevidenceofslowswingsinclimatebetweendifferentregimes.Tobuildupabetterpictureoffluctuationsappreciablyfurtherbackintimerequiresustouseproxyrecords.

Overlongperiodsoftime,substanceswhosephysicalandchemicalpropertieschangewiththeambientclimateatthetimecanbedepositedinasystematicwaytoprovideacontinuousrecordofchangesinthosepropertiesovertime,sometimesforhundredsorthousandsofyears.Generally,thelayeringoccursonanannualbasis,henceheobservedchangesintherecordscanbedated.Informationontemperature,rainfall,andotheraspectsoftheclimatethatcanbeinferredfromthesystematicchangesinpropertiesisusuallyreferredtoasproxydata.ProxytemperaturerecordshavebeenreconstructedfromicecoredrilledoutofthecentralGreenlandicecap,calciteshellsembeddedinlayeredlakesedimentsinWesternEurope,oceanfloorsedimentcoresfromthetropicalAtlanticOcean,icecoresfromPeruvianglaciers,andicecoresfromeasternAntarctica.Whiletheserecordsprovidebroadlyconsistentindicationsthattemperaturevariationscanoccuronaglobalscale,therearenonethelesssomeintriguingdifferences,whichsuggestthatthepatternoftemperaturevariationsinregionalclimatescanalsodiffersignificantlyfromeachother.

Whattheproxyrecordsmakeabundantlyclearisthattherehavebeensignificantnaturalchangesintheclimateovertimescaleslongerthanafewthousandyears.Equallystriking,however,istherelativestabilityoftheclimateinthepast10,000years(theHoloceneperiod).

Totheextentthatthecoverageoftheglobalclimatefromtheserecordscanprovideameasureofitstruevariability,itshouldatleastindicatehowallthenaturalcausesofclimatechangehavecombined.Theseincludethechaoticfluctuationsoftheatmosphere,theslowerbutequallyerraticbehavioroftheoceans,changesinthelandsurfaces,andtheextentoficeandsnow.Alsoincludedwillbeanyvariationsthathavearisenfromvolcanicactivity,solaractivity,and,possibly,humanactivities.

1.Whichofthefollowingmustwefindoutinordertodeterminetheimpactofhumanactivitiesuponclimate?

2.Scientistsareabletoreconstructproxytemperaturerecordsby（

）.

3.ProxydatahavesuggestedallofthefollowingabouttheclimateEXCEPT:

（

）.

4.Theword‘‘erratic”intheparagraph5isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

問題1選項

A.Themajorchangesinclimateoverthepastmillennia.

B.Thedegreetowhichtheclimatevariesnaturally.

C.Thebestmethodformeasuringclimaticchange.

D.Themillenniumwhenhumansbegantointerferewiththeclimate.

問題2選項

A.studyingregionaldifferencesintemperaturevariations.

B.studyinganddatingchangesinthepropertiesofsubstances.

C.observingchangesinpresentdayclimateconditions.

D.inferringpastclimateshiftsfromobservationsofcurrentclimaticchanges.

問題3選項

A.Regionalclimatesmaychangeovertime.

B.Theclimatehaschangedverylittleinthepast10,000years.

C.Globaltemperaturesvarymorethanregionaltemperatures.

D.Importantnaturalchangesinclimatehaveoccurredoverlargetimescales.

問題4選項

A.dramatic

B.important

C.unpredictable.

D.common

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目提問‘為了確定人類活動對氣候的影響，我們必須找出以下哪一項？根據(jù)文章第一段中“Oneofthemostdifficultaspectsofdecidingwhethercurrentclimaticeventsrevealevidenceoftheimpactofhumanactivitiesisthatitishardtogetameasureofwhatconstitutesthenaturalvariabilityoftheclimate.要判斷當(dāng)前的氣候事件是否揭示了人類活動影響的證據(jù)，最困難的一個方面是很難衡量是什么構(gòu)成了氣候的自然變化?！?，確定判斷人類對氣候的影響之前必須確定自然的影響，所以B選項“氣候自然變化的程度”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘科學(xué)家能通過什么重建替代溫度記錄？’根據(jù)文章第三段中第三句“ProxytemperaturerecordshavebeenreconstructedfromicecoredrilledoutofthecentralGreenlandicecap,calciteshellsembeddedinlayeredlakesedimentsinWesternEurope,oceanfloorsedimentcoresfromthetropicalAtlanticOcean,icecoresfromPeruvianglaciers,andicecoresfromeasternAntarctica.從格陵蘭島中部冰冠鉆出的冰芯、嵌在西歐分層湖泊沉積物中的方解石殼、熱帶大西洋洋底沉積物的冰芯、秘魯冰川的冰芯和南極洲東部的冰芯重建了代理溫度記錄?！?。原文談及很多重建溫度的方法，無論是冰川，沉積物還是碳酸鹽，都屬“substance物質(zhì)”，所以B選項“研究和測定物質(zhì)性質(zhì)的變化”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。題目提問‘代理數(shù)據(jù)表明了如下所有關(guān)于氣候的內(nèi)容，除了……？’根據(jù)第四段第一句“Whattheproxyrecordsmakeabundantlyclearisthattherehavebeensignificantnaturalchangesintheclimateovertimescaleslongerthanafewthousandyears.代理記錄充分表明，在超過幾千年的時間跨度內(nèi)，氣候發(fā)生了重大的自然變化?！笨膳懦鼳選項‘隨著時間的推移，地區(qū)氣候可能會發(fā)生變化’和D選項‘氣候的重要自然變化是在大的時間尺度上發(fā)生的’。根據(jù)第二句“Equallystriking,however,istherelativestabilityoftheclimateinthepast10,000years(theHoloceneperiod).然而，同樣令人驚訝的是在過去的一萬年（全新世）中氣候變化的相對來說很穩(wěn)定。”可排除B選項‘在過去的一萬年里，氣候變化非常小?！虼耍珻項‘全球氣溫的變化比地區(qū)氣溫的變化更大’在文中沒有體現(xiàn)，符合題意。

4.詞義猜測題。題目提問‘第五段中"erratic”最接近什么意思？’根據(jù)上下文，“erratic行為古怪，反復(fù)無常”與前文中“chaoticfluctuationsoftheatmosphere變化多端的大氣波動”的“chaotic混沌的；一團(tuán)糟的”相對應(yīng)，因此，C選項“無法預(yù)言的；不可預(yù)測”符合語境。

16.單選題

Theseancientruinsaretheonlymemoryleftofamightyking.

問題1選項

A.greedy

B.powerful

C.stern

D.hasty

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。mighty表示“有力的，強有力的”；A項greedy“貪婪的，渴望的”，B項powerful“有力的”，C項stern“嚴(yán)厲的，堅定的”，D項hasty“輕率的，匆忙的”。句意：這些古老的廢墟是一個強大的國王僅存的記憶。根據(jù)句意可知，該題選擇B項正確。

17.單選題

Takentogether,theselawssoughttoreapthemedicalbenefitsoforgantransplantationandtoencourageindividualstobecomeorgandonors,while（

）certainethicallimitsagainsttreatingthebodyaspropertyandthenewlydeadassimplynaturalresources.

問題1選項

A.cuttingout

B.offsetting

C.reserving

D.goingover

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項cutout“切斷；刪去；停止”；B選項offset“抵消；彌補”；C選項reserve“預(yù)訂；儲備；保留”；D選項goover“復(fù)習(xí)，重溫；轉(zhuǎn)變”。句意：綜上所述，這些法律尋求獲得器官移植的醫(yī)療利益，鼓勵個人成為器官捐贈者，同時……一定的倫理限制，以免將人體視為財產(chǎn)，將死者僅僅視為自然資源。由后半句句意判斷可知此處應(yīng)選擇C選項“保留”。

18.單選題

Nature’senergyefficiencyoften（

）humantechnology:despitetheintensityofthelightfirefliesproduce,theamountofheatisnegligible;onlyrecentlyhavehumansdevelopedchemicallight-producingsystemswhoseefficiency（

）thefirefly’ssystem.

問題1選項

A.engenders...manipulates

B.reflects...simulates

C.outstrips...rivals

D.inhibits...matches

【答案】C

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。A選項的engender“產(chǎn)生，引起（某種感覺或情況）”；manipulate“（暗中）控制，操縱，操作”；B選項的reflect“反映，表明，顯示，反射（聲、光、熱等）”;simulate“假裝,模擬，冒充”；C選項的outstrip“追過，勝過，凌駕”;rival“堪與某人/某物競爭，比得上某人/某物”；D選項的inhibit“禁止，抑制”；match“相配，相適合，（數(shù)量或質(zhì)量）比得上，與……不相上下”。根據(jù)句意‘自然界的能量效率常常超過人類的技術(shù)：盡管螢火蟲所發(fā)出的光亮極為強烈，但其熱量卻微乎其微：其是在近期，人類才研制出化學(xué)發(fā)光系統(tǒng)，其能量效率方能與螢火蟲的發(fā)光體系相媲美’確定C選項正確。

19.單選題

Asanimportantpartofpolicestrategy,rapidpoliceresponseisseenbypoliceofficersandthepublic（

）asofferingtremendousbenefits.

問題1選項

A.similarly

B.thesame

C.alike

D.likewise

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義詞。四個選項均有“相似地，相同地”意思，根據(jù)句意“警察和民眾都認(rèn)為警察快速反應(yīng)機制將會帶來巨大利益”，在句中，as與seen搭配，表示“被看作”的意思，因此空格處應(yīng)該填入形容詞，其中A與D為副詞，不符合題意。Asthesame雖然可以搭配，但是不符合句子結(jié)構(gòu)，所以選項C符合題意。

20.單選題

Floodscausebillionsofdollarsworthofpropertydamage（）.

問題1選項

A.relatively

B.actually

C.annually

D.comparatively

【答案】C

【解析】句意:洪水每年都造成幾十億美元價值的財產(chǎn)損害。

考查副詞辨析。relatively相對地；比較地；actually實際上；annually每年；comparatively比較上；相對地。因此C符合句意。

21.單選題

Thislaw___thenumberofaccidentscausedbychildrenrunningacrosstheroadwhentheygetoffthebus.

問題1選項

A.isintendedtoreduce

B.intendstobereduced

C.intendsreducing

D.isintendedreducing

【答案】A

【解析】考查語態(tài)和固定搭配。intendtodosth.“打算做某事；盤算做某事；旨在做；籌劃做某事”，主語law“法律”和intend的關(guān)系是被動，被旨在做……；句意：這項法律旨在減少兒童下車時跑過馬路造成的事故數(shù)量。因此A選項正確。

22.單選題

Therearetwomethodsoffighting,theonebylaw,theotherbyforce;thefirstmethodisthatofmen,thesecondofbeasts;butasthefi