新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)(浙大第三版4)視聽說(shuō)教程unit8聽力原文及答案新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)(浙大第三版4)視聽說(shuō)教程unit8聽力原文及答案新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)(浙大第三版4)視聽說(shuō)教程unit8聽力原文及答案新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)(浙大第三版4)視聽說(shuō)教程unit8聽力原文及答案編制僅供參考審核批準(zhǔn)生效日期地址：電話：傳真:郵編:Part1Listening1Ex1:1)rocks2)Yes3)stones4)not5)sand6)No7)waterEx2:1)timemanagementbusinessstudents2)wide-mouthedproduceatatime3)dumpedworkthemselvesdown4)grabbedfilledtothetopillustration5)eagerbeaverhowfullyourscheduleisfitsomemorethings6)gettheminatallScript:Onedayanexpertonthesubjectoftimemanagementwasspeakingtoagroupofbusinessstudentsand,tostressapoint,usedanillustrationI'msurethosestudentswillneverforget.AfterIshareitwithyou,you'llneverforgetiteither.Asthismanstoodinfrontofthegroupofhigh-poweredoverachievers,hesaid,"Ok,timeforaquiz."Hepulledoutalarge,wide-mouthedjarandsetitonatableinfrontofhim.Thenheproducedaboutadozenfist-sizedrocksandcarefullyplacedthem,oneatatime,intothejar.

Whenthejarwasfilledtothetopandnomorerockswouldfitinside,heasked,"Isthisjarfull"Everyoneintheclasssaid,"Yes."Thenhesaid,"Really"Hereachedunderthetableandpulledoutabagoflittlestones.Thenhedumpedsomeoftheminandshookthejarcausingthelittlestonestoworkthemselvesdownintothespacesbetweenthebighesmiledandaskedthegrouponcemore,"Isthejarfull"Bythistimetheclasswasontohim."Probablynot,"oneofthemanswered."Good!"hereplied.Andhereachedunderthetableandbroughtoutabagofsand.Hestarteddumpingthesandinanditwentintoallthespacesleftbetweentherocksandthelittlestones.Oncemoreheaskedthequestion,"Isthisjarfull"

"No!"theclassshouted.Onceagainhesaid,"Good!"Thenhegrabbedabottleofwaterandbegantopouritinuntilthejarwasfilledtothetop.Thenhelookedupattheclassandasked,"Whatisthepointofthisillustration"Oneeagerbeaverraisedhishandandsaid,"Thepointis,nomatterhowfullyourscheduleis,ifyoutryreallyhard,youcanalwaysfitsomemorethingsintoit!"

"No,"thespeakerreplied,"that'snotthepoint.Thetruththisillustrationteachesusis:Ifyoudon'tputthebigrocksinfirst,you'llnevergettheminatall."Listening2Ex1:BCABDCBBADEx2:FTFFTScripts:Throughouttheday,energyrisesandfalls.Atitspeak,you'relikelytoperform30to40percentfasterandmoreaccurately,thanatitslowest,saysLynneLamberg.Sobysynchronizingyourschedulewithyournaturalenergysupply,itwillhelpyouuseitmoreefficiently.Shealsosays,alertnessishighestandconcentrationthemostbetween.andearlyafternoon—thebesttimetocrunchnumbersorwriteareport.Youshoulddiveintothehardesttasksfirst,andyourextendhigh-energymorningswithalatelunch.Manypeoplearestillgoingstronguntil1or2.,sowhybreakthemomentumDuringmid-afternoon,youmightattendtosomeroutinetasks,suchaspayingbillsorsortingthroughapileofjunkmail.Workthatinvolvesphysicalactivity,suchasrunningdownthehalltophotocopyamemo,ortalkingtootherpeople(thatincludesphonecalls)—willkeepyourenergylevelfromdroppingwaydown.Whenfullalertnessreturns—around4.—youmightdoafewsmallprojectsthatgiveyouafeelingofsatisfactionandaccomplishment.Sendoffanimportantletter.Orplanandprioritizeforthenextday.Thedarksideofyourcycleisequallyimportant:Fordaylongenergyweneedagoodnight'ssleep.Onaverage,Americansgetaboutseven-and-one-halfhours,althoughsomeneedmoreandothersgetbyonless.We'regettingenoughsleepifwewakeupwithoutthehelpofanalarmclockanddon'tfeeltheurgetonapduringtheday.Listening3Ex1:1)London2)WhatawonderfulLife3)Globe4)changesdevelopmentsnaturalresourcescitiesnuclearwarEx2:TFTTFScript:(DoyoufeeldepressedwhenyoureadnewspapersDoesthenewsalwaysseembadTomanypeopleitdoes,butnottoAlexanderDubois,aFrenchscientistlivinginLondon.Unlikemanyscientists,hebelievesthattheworldwillbeabetterplaceinthefuture.Hisbook,WhataWonderfulLife,willbeonsale,andGlobesentReporterCatherineBrowntotalktohim.Hereispartoftheirconversation.)CatherineBrown:WhatchangeswillweseeinthenextfewyearsAlexanderDubois:Today,workisthemostimportantpartofmanypeople'slives.Inthefuture,machineswilldomuchofourwork.Thismeansthatwe'llhavemoretimetothinkabouthowtolivehappily.CatherineBrown:WhatdevelopmentswilltherebeinmedicalscienceAlexanderDubois:Thedaywillcomewhenwewilleliminatekillerdiseasessuchasdiphtheriaandtyphoid.Also,therewillbefewerbabiesbornwithbirthdefectsbecausedoctorswillbeabletooperateonchildrenbeforetheyareborn.CatherineBrown:AndwhataboutnaturalresourcesWilltherebeanadequatesupplyofcoal,oilandgasAlexanderDubois:Ofcourse!Researchshowsthattherearesufficientresourcesforthenext20,000yearswithinonekilometeroftheearth'ssurface.CatherineBrown:WillcitiescontinuetogrowandbecomemoreandmoreovercrowdedAlexanderDubois:No,theywon't.Peoplewillreturntosmallercommunitieswheretheycanreallyknowtheirneighborsandparticipateincommunitylife.CatherineBrown:Aren'tyouworriedaboutthepossibilityofnuclearwarAlexanderDubois:Yes,Iam.Iexpecttherewillbeanuclearwarinthefuture,butitwon'tendourworld.Lifewillcontinue.Statements:1.AlexanderDuboisholdsanoptimisticpointofviewfortheworld'sfuture.2.AlexanderDuboisbelievesthat,people'sjobswillplaythemostimportantpartintheirlives.3.AlexanderDuboisthinksthat,6somedefectsinbabieswillbetreatedbeforebirth.4.AlexanderDuboispredictsthatsomedaysomepeoplewillmovefrombigcitiestosmallercommunities.5.AlexanderDuboisbelievesthatanuclearwarcanbetheendoftheworld.Listening4Ex1:ecbfadEx2:1)biased2)unaware3)success4)fun5)control6)environment7)flexibility8)optimal9)wings10）exploreScripts:ProfessorZimbardo:Timeperspectivesareeasytoidentifywhenpeoplearemakingdecisions.Forsomepeople,it’sonlyaboutwhatisintheimmediatesituation,whatotherpeoplearedoing,andwhattheyarefeeling.Andthosepeople,whentheymaketheirdecisioninthatform,we’regoingtocall“present-oriented”,becausetheirfocusiswhatisnow.StudentA:Thenmaybe,I’mnot”present-oriented”.ItseemswhatIcaremostisalwayswhatwillbeinthefuture.ProfessorZimbardo:Yes.Youmightbeamongthose”future-oriented”.Therefocusisalwaysaboutanticipatedconsequences.OK,anybodyherewhoisneither“present-oriented”nor“future-oriented”StudentB:Myself.Ithinkneitherofyourdescriptionaboutthistwotimeperspectivesfitsmewell.ProfessorZimbardo:Thenyoumastbelongtothethirdtype.Wecallthem“pat-oriented”becausetheyfocusonwhatwas.Forthem,boththepresentandthefutureareirrelevant.Thiredecisionsarebasedonpastmemories.StudentB:That’strue,butsometimes,Ijustfellmytimeperspectivesareamixture.ProfessorZimbardo:That’sverylikelythecase.Thereareactuallysixtimeperspectives:past-positiveorpast-negative;present-hedonisticorpresent-fatalist:future-orientedortranscendentalfuture,asamatteroffact,thesesixtimeperspectivesmightcoexistinaperson.Buttheyarebiasedindifferentsituations.Eitherofthemmayrisetobethedominatingonethatinfluencesustomakedecisions.Butwe’retotallyunaware.StudentA:Butdothoseperspectivesshowbiasintheirinfluenceonhumanlife,forexample,positiveornegativeProfessorZimbardo:Inasense,that’sright.Anytimeperspectiveinexcesshasmorenegativesthanpositives,youknowwhatthosefuture-orientedpeoplesacrificeforsuccess.Theysacrificefamilytime.theysacrificefriendtime.Theysacrificefuntime.Andtheysacrificesleep.Soitaffectstheirhealth.Andtheyliveforwork,achievementandcontrol.StudentB:Yes.That’sture.Wejustneverrealizedthatbefore.Butprofessor,doyouthinktimeperspectiveissomethinginherentorsomethingwelearnProfessorZimbardo:People’stimeperspectivesresultfromthesocialenvironmentandtheirlifeexperiences,andtheycanbelearnedandbechanged.That’sthelastpointIwanttomaketoday.oneneedstodevelopthementalflexibilitytoshifttimeperspectivesfluidly,dependingonthedemandsofthesituation;that’swhatyou’regottolearntodo.TheoptimaltemporalmixisWhatyougetfromthepast-positivegivesyouroots.Whatyougetfromthefutureiswingstosoartonewdestinations,newchallenges.Whatyougetfromthepresenthedonismisenergy,theenergytoexploreyourself,places,people,sensuality.FurtherListeningListening1Ex1:FFFFTTFTEx2:1)friend2)end3)weeks4)know5)terrible6)rang7)younger8)tired9)game10）make11）show12）thinking13）distance14）corner15）telegram16）deserveScripts:AroundtheCorner

byHensonTowne

AroundthecornerIhaveafriend,

Inthisgreatcitythathasnoend.

Yetthedaysgobyandweeksrushon,

AndbeforeIknowit,ayearisgone.

AndIneverseemyoldfriend'sface,

Forlifeisaswiftandterriblerace,

HeknowsIlikehimjustaswell,

AsinthedayswhenIranghisbell,

Andherangmine.

Butwewereyoungerthen,

Andnowwearebusy,tiredmen.

Tiredofplayingafoolishgame,

Tiredoftryingtomakeaname.

"Tomorrow,"Isay,"IwillcallonJim

JusttoshowthatI'mthinkingofhim."

Buttomorrowcomesandtomorrowgoes,

Anddistancebetweenusgrowsandgrows.

Aroundthecorner!—yetmilesaway.

"Here'satelegramsir—Jimdiedtoday."

Andthat'swhatwegetanddeserveintheend.

Aroundthecorner,avanishedfriend.Listening2Ex1:1)clocks2)promptnessefficiency3)impatient4)householdappliancessavetime5)controlmissavoidEx2:FTFFFScript:AlmosteveryAmericanwearsawatch,andinnearlyeveryroominanAmericanhome,there'saclock."Beontime.""Don'twastetime.""Timeismoney.""Timewaitsfornoone."AllofthesefamiliarsayingsreflecttheAmericanobsessionwithpromptnessandefficiency.Studentsandemployeesdispleasetheirteachersandbosseswhentheyarrivelate.Thisdesiretogetthemostoutofeveryminuteoftenaffectsbehavior,makingAmericansimpatientwhentheyhavetowait.ThepressuretomakeeverymomentcountsometimesmakesitdifficultforAmericanstorelaxanddonothing.ThedesiretosavetimeandhandleworkefficientlyalsoleadsAmericanstobuymanykindsofmachines.Theserangefromhouseholdappliancestoequipmentfortheofficesuchascalculators,photocopymachinesandcomputers.Onepopularmachineisthevideocassetterecorder,whichgivesAmericansanewkindofcontrolovertime.Fansofprofessionalfootballdon'thavetomisstheSundayafternoongameonTVbecauseofabirthdayparty.Theysimplyvideotapeitandwatchthegameintheevening.What'smore,theycanactualsavetimebyfast-forwardingthroughallthesalesadsandcommercialsshownduringtegame.Soagame,seenlateron,mightonlylasthours.Listening3Ex1:ABABDEx2:1)pessimistic2)doubled3)coal4)chickens5)artificial6)well-designed7)fresher8)leading9)unnecessaryScript:Whatwilllifebelike100yearsfromnowSomeexpertsareoptimistic;others,farmorepessimistic.Theythinkthatbythenthepopulationwillhavedoubled.Wewillhaverunoutofessentialmaterials,likeoilandcoal.Wemayevenhaverunoutofwatertodrink.Theybelievethatwewillbelivinglikechickens-livinginlittleboxes,andeatingartificialfood.Butthosewhoaremoreoptimisticsaythatlifeinthefuturewillbemuchbetterthanitistoday.Wemaybelivinginwell-designed,systematiccommunities.Wemaybegettingmoresunlight,breathingfresherair,livinginabetterenvironmentandleadingfarmorepleasantlivesthanwearetoday.

Lifewillcertainlyhavebecomefarmoremechanizedbytheyear2100.Itmayevenhavebecometoomechanized.Mechanizationhasalreadycausedquiteafewproblemsandwillcausestillmore.Forexample,manyjobswillhavebeen“automated”.Peoplewillnolongerbeabletolearnonlyonejobintheirlifetime.Manyofthejobsthatyoungpeoplearedoingtodaywillhavebecomeunnecessarybythetimetheyare40.Questions:1.Whatcandefinitelybesaidoflifeinthenextcentury2.Whatdoes"manyjobswillbe'automated'"meanaccordingtothepassage3.Whatwilltheinfluenceofautomationbeuponpeopleintermsofemployment4.IsthereanypossibilityhatsomejobswilldisappearindecadesfromnowWhyorwhynot5.WhatwouldthefuturejobmarketlooklikeListening4Ex1:FTTFFEx2:1)Becausetheycouldhaveala