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住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-寧夏大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I(帶答案詳解)(圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題
Sustainabledevelopmentisappliedtojustabouteverythingfromenergytocleanwaterandeconomicgrowth,andasaresultithasbecomedifficulttoquestioneitherthebasicassumptionsbehinditorthewaytheconceptisputtouse.Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.
Tostartwith,itisimportanttorememberthatthenatureofagriculturehaschangedmarkedlythroughouthistory,andwillcontinuetodoso.MedievalagricultureinnorthernEuropefed,clothedandshelteredapredominantlyruralsocietywithamuchlowerpopulationdensitythanitistoday.Ithadminimaleffectonbiodiversity,andanypollutionitcausedwastypicallylocalized.Intermsofenergyuseandthenutrientscapturedintheproductitwasrelativelyinefficient.
Contrastthiswithfarmingsincethestartoftheindustrialrevolution.Competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields.Throughoutthisperiodfoodbecamecheaper,safeandmorereliable.However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.
What’smore,demandforanimalproductsindevelopingcountriesisgrowingsofastthatmeetingitwillrequireanextra300milliontonsofgrainayearby2050.Yetthegrowthofcitiesandindustryisreducingtheamountofwateravailableforagricultureinmanyregions.
Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.Thiswillrequireradicalthinking.Forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones.Wealsoneedtoabandonthenotionthatagriculturecanbe“zeroimpact”.Thekeywillbetoabandontherathersimpleandstaticmeasuresofsustainability,whichcentreontheneedtomaintainproductionwithoutincreasingdamage.
Insteadweneedamoredynamicinterpretation,onethatlooksattheprosandconsofallthevariouswaylandisused.Therearemanydifferentwaystomeasureagriculturalperformancebesidesfoodyield:energyuse,environmentalcosts,waterpurity,carbonfootprintandbiodiversity.Itisclear,forexample,thatthecarbonoftransportingtomatoesfromSpaintotheUKislessthanthatofproducingthemintheUKwithadditionalheatingandlighting.Butwedonotknowwhetherlowercarbonfootprintswillalwaysbebetterforbiodiversity.
Whatiscrucialisrecognizingthatsustainableagricultureisnotjustaboutsustainablefoodproduction.
1.Howdopeopleoftenmeasureprogressinagriculture?
2.Specializationandtheefforttoincreaseyieldshaveresultedin().
3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftraditionalfarmingpractices?
4.Whatwillagriculturebelikeinthe21stcentury?
5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Byitssustainability.
B.Byitsimpactontheenvironment.
C.Byitsproductivity.
D.Byitscontributiontoeconomicgrowth.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.localizedpollution
B.competitionfromoverseas
C.theshrinkingoffarmland
D.thedecreaseofbiodiversity
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.Theyhaveremainedthesameoverthecenturies.
B.Theyhavenotkeptpacewithpopulationgrowth.
C.Theyarenotnecessarilysustainable.
D.Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Itwillsupplymoreanimalproducts.
B.Itwillgothroughradicalchanges.
C.Itwillabandontraditionalfarmingpractices.
D.Itwillcausezerodamagetotheenvironment.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.Toremindpeopleoftheneedofsustainabledevelopment.
B.Tosuggestwaysofensuringsustainablefoodproduction.
C.Toadvancenewcriteriaformeasuringfarmingprogress.
D.Tourgepeopletorethinkwhatsustainableagricultureis.
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:D
第3題:C
第4題:B
第5題:D
【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段最后一句Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.(在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域尤其如此,可持續(xù)發(fā)展往往被視為進(jìn)步的唯一衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),而沒有從歷史和文化的角度進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)脑u(píng)價(jià)。)因此可持續(xù)發(fā)展就是人們衡量農(nóng)業(yè)進(jìn)步的指標(biāo),A選項(xiàng)“通過它的可持續(xù)性正確”。B選項(xiàng)“通過它對(duì)環(huán)境的影響”;C選項(xiàng)“通過它的生產(chǎn)力”;D選項(xiàng)“通過它對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)”這三項(xiàng)都不是文章認(rèn)為的觀點(diǎn)。
2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段Competitionfromoverseasledfarmerstospecializeandincreaseyields...However,thesechangeshavealsoledtohabitatlossandtodiminishingbiodiversity.(來自海外的競爭促使農(nóng)民專業(yè)化并提高產(chǎn)量。在這一時(shí)期,食品變得更便宜、更安全、更可靠。然而,這些變化也導(dǎo)致了棲息地的喪失和生物多樣性的減少。)也就是說這些使農(nóng)民專業(yè)化并且增加產(chǎn)量的手段使得物種生物性減少,因此D選項(xiàng)“生物多樣性的減少”正確。A選項(xiàng)“局部污染”這個(gè)是原文所沒有提及的;B選項(xiàng)“來自海外的競爭”這個(gè)是造成物種多樣性減少的根本原因,因果顛倒;C選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)田的萎縮”原文并沒有明確提及。
3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第三段第三句話Forexample,weneedtomoveawayfromtheideathattraditionalpracticesareinevitablymoresustainablethannewones.(例如,我們需要擺脫認(rèn)為傳統(tǒng)做法不可避免的比新做法更具可持續(xù)性的想法。)也就是說傳統(tǒng)做法并不比新做法具有持續(xù)性,因此C選項(xiàng)“它們不一定是可持續(xù)的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它們幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來一直保持不變”原文未提及;B選項(xiàng)“它們沒有跟上人口增長的步伐”,不符合原文;D選項(xiàng)“它們是環(huán)保的”與原文相悖。
4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第三段第一、二句話Allthismeansthatagricultureinthe21stcenturywillhavetobeverydifferentfromhowitwasinthe20th.Thiswillrequireradicalthinking.(所有這些都意味著,21世紀(jì)的農(nóng)業(yè)將與20世紀(jì)截然不同。這需要激進(jìn)的思維。)激進(jìn)的思維將會(huì)帶來根本性的改變,根據(jù)這句話可以得出B選項(xiàng)“它將經(jīng)歷根本性的變化”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它將提供更多的動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品”,無關(guān)項(xiàng);C選項(xiàng)“它將放棄傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)做法”,原文并沒有明確的提出說是否要放棄傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)的做法;D選項(xiàng)“它將對(duì)環(huán)境造成零損害”,這個(gè)是做不到的。
5.主旨大意題。文章第一段提到,Thisisespeciallytrueinagriculture,wheresustainabledevelopmentisoftentakenasthesolemeasureofprogresswithoutaproperappreciationofhistoricalandculturalperspectives.(在農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域尤其如此,可持續(xù)發(fā)展往往被視為進(jìn)步的唯一衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),而沒有從歷史和文化的角度進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)脑u(píng)價(jià)。)人們忽略了從歷史文化的角度去合理評(píng)價(jià)它;接下來三段具體分析了人們是如何忽略的;第五段至末段提出21世紀(jì)的農(nóng)業(yè)將與以前的截然不同,要求人們改變?cè)械霓r(nóng)業(yè)方面的可持續(xù)發(fā)展思想。由此可知,作者主要是為了讓人們重新思考什么是可持續(xù)發(fā)展的農(nóng)業(yè),因此D選項(xiàng)“敦促人們重新思考什么是可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)”。A選項(xiàng)“提醒人們可持續(xù)發(fā)展的需要”,是片面的信息;B選項(xiàng)“建議確??沙掷m(xù)糧食生產(chǎn)的方法”,只是文章中有略過,不是主旨;C選項(xiàng)“提出衡量農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”,作者并沒有提出。
2.單選題
Intoday’sworkingworldtherolesofmenandwomenarebecoming().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.dwarfed
B.incorporated
C.correlated
D.blurred
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)dwarfed“矮小的”;B選項(xiàng)incorporated“合并的”;C選項(xiàng)correlated“有互相關(guān)系的”;D選項(xiàng)blurred“模糊的,記不清的”。句意:在當(dāng)今的工作世界中,男性和女性的角色正變得越來越()。按照選項(xiàng)和題干的意思,可以判斷出此處想要表達(dá)的意思是“男性角色和女性角色的(邊界)變得越來越模糊?!币虼薉選項(xiàng)符合題意。
3.單選題
Whenapersondies,hisdebtsmustbepaidbeforehis()canbedistributed.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.paradoxes
B.legacies
C.platitudes
D.analogies
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“似是而非的論點(diǎn),自相矛盾的話”;B選項(xiàng)“遺產(chǎn)”;C選項(xiàng)“陳詞濫調(diào)”;D選項(xiàng)“類似,類推”,句意:當(dāng)一個(gè)人死后,他的債務(wù)必須在()分配之前弄清。這句要表示的是“要把遺產(chǎn)分配清楚”,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
4.單選題
TheHomeSecretaryhasbeenaskedto()becausetheUnionleadersandtheiremployerscannotagreeonacourseofaction.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.meditate
B.negotiate
C.intervene
D.reconcile
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)meditate“考慮,計(jì)劃”;B選項(xiàng)negotiate“談判,商談”;C選項(xiàng)intervene“干涉,調(diào)停”;D選項(xiàng)reconcile“調(diào)停,調(diào)解”。句意:內(nèi)務(wù)大臣已被要求進(jìn)行(),因?yàn)楣?huì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和他們的雇主無法就行動(dòng)方案達(dá)成一致。本句表達(dá)的含義是“內(nèi)務(wù)大臣被要求進(jìn)行干預(yù)”,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
5.寫作題
Directions:Youaregiven30minutesonthistask.Writedownyourunderstandingof“ItPaystoBeHonest”withnolessthan150words.
【答案】略
6.單選題
Atthepartywefoundthattheshygirl()hermotherallthetime.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.dependingon
B.coincidingwith
C.adhering
D.clingingto
【答案】C
【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)dependingon“取決于,根據(jù)”;B選項(xiàng)coincidingwith“符合,與……一致”;C選項(xiàng)adhering“附著”;D選項(xiàng)clingingto“堅(jiān)持,依靠,依附”。句意:在聚會(huì)上我們發(fā)現(xiàn)那個(gè)害羞的女孩一直()她的母親。通過判斷句意可以得知意思應(yīng)該是“小女孩很害羞,所以一直挨著媽媽”,只有C選項(xiàng)可以表達(dá)這種具象的依靠,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
7.單選題
Theoldcoupledecidedto()aboyandagirlthoughtheyhadthreechildrenoftheirown.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.adapt
B.bring
C.receive
D.adopt
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)adapt“使適應(yīng);改編”,B選項(xiàng)bring“帶來;拿來”,C選項(xiàng)receive“接受”,D選項(xiàng)adopt“采?。唤邮?;收養(yǎng)”;題干為:這對(duì)年邁的父母決定去()一個(gè)男孩和一個(gè)女孩,即使他們已經(jīng)有了三個(gè)自己的孩子。因此根據(jù)邏輯我們知道他們是“領(lǐng)養(yǎng)”孩子,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
8.翻譯題
TheUSDepartmentofLaborstatisticsindicatethatthereisanoversupplyofcollege-trainedworkersandthatthisoversupplyisincreasing.Alreadythereisanoverabundanceofteachers,engineers,physicsandotherspecialists.Yetcollegeandgraduateschoolscontinueeveryyeartoturnouthighlytrainedpeopletocompleteforjobsthataren’tthere.Theresultisthatgraduatescannotentertheprofessionsforwhichtheyweretrainedandmusttaketemporaryjobswhichdonotrequireacollege.These“temporary”jobshaveahabitofbecomingpermanent.
【答案】美國勞工部統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字表明,高校畢業(yè)的勞工供應(yīng)過剩,而且這個(gè)過剩正在不斷增加。已經(jīng)有過量的老師、工程師、物理學(xué)家和其他專家。然而高校和研究院每年都在繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)出高度受訓(xùn)的人員,來競爭潛在的崗位。結(jié)果是,畢業(yè)生無法從事與他們受訓(xùn)內(nèi)容相關(guān)的工作,只能接受不要求學(xué)位的臨時(shí)工作。這些“臨時(shí)”工作有變成永久性工作的習(xí)慣。
9.單選題
Whyshouldyouthinkaboutintryingtofindyourcareer?Youareprobablybetteratsomeschoolsubjectsthanothers.Thesemayshowstrengthsthatyoucanuseinyourwork.Aboywhoisgoodatmathematicscanusethatinanengineeringcareer.Soitisimportanttoknowthesubjectsyoudowellinatschool.Ontheotherhand,youmaynothaveanyspeciallystrongorweaksubjectsbutyourrecordsshowageneralsatisfactorystandard.Althoughnotallsubjectscanbeuseddirectlyinajob,theymayhaveindirectvalue.Knowledgeofhistoryisnotrequiredformostjobsbutifhistoryisoneofyourgoodsubjectsyouwillhavelearnedtorememberfactsanddetails.Thisisanabilitythatcanbeusefulinmanyjobs.
Ifyouhavehadapart-timejobonSaturdaysorinthesummer,thinkwhatyougainedfromit.Ifnothingelse,youmayhavelearnedhowtogettoworkontime,tofollowinstructionsandtogetonwitholderworkers.Youmayhavelearnedtogivecorrectchangeinashop,forexample.Justasimportant,youmaybecomeinterestedinaparticularindustryorcareeryouseefromtheinsideinapart-timejob.
Facingyourweakpointsisalsopartofknowingyourself.Youmaybeallthumbswhenyouhandletools;perhapsyouareapoorspellerorcannotaddupacolumnoffigures.Itisbittertofaceanyweaknessesthantopretendtheydonotexist.Yourschoolrecord,forinstance,maynotbetoogood,yetitisanimportantpartofyourbackground.Youshouldnotbeapologeticaboutitbutinsteadrecognizethatyouwillhaveachanceofafreshstartatwork.
1.Whichofthefollowingbestsumsupthefirstparagraph?
2.Thewriterthinksthatforastudenttohaveapart-timejobisprobably().
3.Accordingtothepassage,ifastudentsschoolrecordisnotgood,he().
4.Whichsubjectissupposedtohavenodirectvalueforjobhunting?
5.Thewholepassagecenterson().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Theimportanceofdoingwellatschool.
B.Usingschoolperformancetohelptochooseacareer.
C.Theimportanceofbeinggoodatallsubjects.
D.Theindirectvalueofschoolwork.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.awasteoftimethatcouldhavebeenspentonstudy
B.usefulforhisfuturework
C.agoodwaytoearnextramoney
D.agoodwaytofindouthisweakpoints
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.willbeacompletefailureinhisfuturework
B.willnotbeabletofindasuitablejob
C.willregretnothavingworkedharderatschool
D.maydowellinhisfuturework
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.Mathematics.
B.English.
C.TechnicalDrawing.
D.History.
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.choosingacareeraccordingtowhatoneisskilledin
B.acquiringknowledgebyworkinghardatschool
C.findingone’sstrongandweakpoints
D.developingone’sabilitiesusefulinschoolwork
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:B
第3題:D
第4題:D
第5題:A
【解析】1.歸納概括題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段,第一段講的就是人們可以在學(xué)校的功課中找到自己擅長的科目,并且將它未來直接或間接應(yīng)用到具體的職業(yè)生涯中。Althoughnotallsubjectscanbeuseddirectlyinajob,theymayhaveindirectvalue.(雖然不是所有的科目都可以直接使用在工作中,它們可能有間接的價(jià)值。)因此D選項(xiàng)“學(xué)校功課的間接價(jià)值”正確。A、B、C都只是片面觀點(diǎn),并不能總結(jié)全段。
2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段Ifyouhavehadapart-timejobonSaturdaysorinthesummer,thinkwhatyougainedfromit.Ifnothingelse,youmayhavelearnedhowtogettoworkontime,tofollowinstructionsandtogetonwitholderworkers.(如果你在周六或夏天有一份兼職工作,想想你從中得到了什么。如果沒有別的,你可能已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了如何按時(shí)上班,如何聽從指示,以及如何與年長的員工相處。)這些都是說的未來工作時(shí)可能用到的地方,因此B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)他將來的工作很有用”正確。A選項(xiàng)“浪費(fèi)了本可以花在學(xué)習(xí)上的時(shí)間”這一點(diǎn)原文沒有提及;C選項(xiàng)“賺外快的好方法”,原文也沒有提及;D選項(xiàng)“這是找出他弱點(diǎn)的好辦法”,這個(gè)也是原文沒有描述的。
3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第一段Yourschoolrecord,forinstance,maynotbetoogood,yetitisanimportantpartofyourbackground.Youshouldnotbeapologeticaboutitbutinsteadrecognizethatyouwillhaveachanceofafreshstartatwork.(例如,你的學(xué)習(xí)成績可能不是很好,但它是你背景的重要組成部分。你不應(yīng)該為此感到抱歉,而是要認(rèn)識(shí)到你將有一個(gè)重新開始工作的機(jī)會(huì)。)根據(jù)句意可以看出D選項(xiàng)“可能會(huì)在未來的工作中表現(xiàn)出色”正確。A選項(xiàng)“他將來的工作會(huì)徹底失敗”;B選項(xiàng)“不能找到一份合適的工作”;C選項(xiàng)“會(huì)后悔在學(xué)校沒有更努力學(xué)習(xí)”是原文沒有提到的。
4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到第一段Knowledgeofhistoryisnotrequiredformostjobs(大多數(shù)工作都不要求有歷史知識(shí))。因此D選項(xiàng)“歷史學(xué)科”正確。A選項(xiàng)“數(shù)學(xué)”;B選項(xiàng)“英語”;C選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)制圖”都不是對(duì)工作沒用的。
5.主旨大意題。題干問的是全文的中心,立足于全文來看都是在說學(xué)校里做的不好也會(huì)獲得收貨以及Facingyourweakpointsisalsopartofknowingyourself(面對(duì)你的弱點(diǎn)也是了解你自己的一部分),全文的段首還說到Y(jié)ouareprobablybetteratsomeschoolsubjectsthanothers.Thesemayshowstrengthsthatyoucanuseinyourwork.(你可能在某些科目上比其他科目更擅長。這些可以顯示出你在工作中可以用得上的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。)也就是說要按照自己的優(yōu)勢(shì)去找工作,因此A選項(xiàng)“根據(jù)自己的技能選擇職業(yè)”正確。B選項(xiàng)“通過在學(xué)校努力學(xué)習(xí)獲得知識(shí)”;C選項(xiàng)“找到自己的長處和短處”;D選項(xiàng)“培養(yǎng)對(duì)學(xué)校工作有用的能力”都是片面的信息。
10.單選題
Theirrefusaltocompromiseisamajor()thatstandsinthewayoffurtherpace.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.complication
B.danger
C.obstacle
D.hazard
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)complication“并發(fā)癥,復(fù)雜”;B選項(xiàng)danger“危險(xiǎn)”;C選項(xiàng)obstacle“障礙”;D選項(xiàng)hazard“危險(xiǎn),風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”。句意:他們拒絕妥協(xié)是阻礙進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的主要()。這里原句表達(dá)的意思是“阻礙進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的障礙”,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
11.單選題
AccordingtotheAmericanfederalgovernment,residentsofHawaiihavethelongestlife():77.2years.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.scope
B.rank
C.span
D.scale
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)scope“范圍,余地”;B選項(xiàng)rank“排名,等級(jí)”;C選項(xiàng)span“跨度,跨距,壽命”;D選項(xiàng)scale“規(guī)模,比例”。句意:根據(jù)美國聯(lián)邦政府的統(tǒng)計(jì),夏威夷居民的()最長,為77.2歲。本句表達(dá)的意思是“夏威夷居民的壽命”,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
12.寫作題
Directions:Inthispart,youareexpectedtowriteacompositionentitledMyViewonJob-hoppinginnolessthan200words.Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingoutlines:
1.有些人喜歡始終從事一種工作,因?yàn)椤?/p>
2.有些人喜歡經(jīng)常換工作,因?yàn)椤?/p>
3.你的觀點(diǎn)
【答案】略
13.單選題
InAfricaHIVandAIDScontinueto()thepopulation;nearly60percentofthoseinfectedarewomen.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.alleviate
B.boost
C.capture
D.ravage
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)alleviate“減輕,緩和”;B選項(xiàng)boost“促進(jìn),增加”;C選項(xiàng)capture“捕獲”;D選項(xiàng)ravage“毀壞,破壞,蹂躪”。句意:在非洲,艾滋病毒和艾滋病繼續(xù)_____人們;將近60%的感染者是女性。這里表達(dá)的意思是艾滋病仍然在非洲肆虐,“蹂躪著那里的人們”,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
14.單選題
Aspeople’slivingstandardsimprove,thehealthandbeautybusinessis()withmoresophisticatedproductsthaneverbefore.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.astonishing
B.flourishing
C.exaggerating
D.diminishing
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)astonishing“令人驚訝的”;B選項(xiàng)flourishing“繁榮的,繁茂的”;C選項(xiàng)exaggerating“夸張的,夸大的”;D選項(xiàng)diminishing“逐漸縮小的,遞減的”。句意:隨著人們生活水平的提高,健康和美容行業(yè)正(),產(chǎn)品比以往任何時(shí)候都更加精致。這里表達(dá)的意思是“美容行業(yè)正在繁榮發(fā)展”,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
15.單選題
Thisyoungman,()withacravingformaterialisticgratification,caresaboutnothingbutmoney.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.obsessed
B.negotiated
C.compromised
D.provided
【答案】A
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)obsessed“著迷,糾纏”;B選項(xiàng)negotiated“談判,協(xié)商”;C選項(xiàng)compromised“妥協(xié),連累”;D選項(xiàng)provided“提供,給予”。句意:這個(gè)年輕人,_____追求物質(zhì)上的滿足,除了錢什么都不關(guān)心。考查了固定搭配obsesswith“癡迷于某事”,而這里也是說的年輕人癡迷于物質(zhì),因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
16.單選題
Couplesblessedwithstrengthandaggression()looksarebetteroffhavingboys,asthesecharacteristicsareofmoreusetomales.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.otherthan
B.ratherthan
C.rathertoo
D.inspiteof
【答案】B
【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)otherthan“除了,不同于”;B選項(xiàng)ratherthan“而不是”;C選項(xiàng)rathertoo“稍微……一點(diǎn)”;D選項(xiàng)inspiteof“盡管”。句意:與長相相比,體力強(qiáng)、有進(jìn)取心的夫婦更容易生男孩,與長相相比,因?yàn)檫@些特征對(duì)男性更有用。這里表達(dá)的意思是“體力和進(jìn)取心才是決定孩子性別的重點(diǎn),而不是長相”,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
17.單選題
Thesurvival()ofsomewildanimalsisnotveryhighastheyareruthlesslyhuntedfortheirskins.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.ratio
B.rate
C.scale
D.standard
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ratio“比例,比率”;B選項(xiàng)rate“進(jìn)度,速度”,A項(xiàng)指的是兩個(gè)量的比值,強(qiáng)調(diào)相比、相除的關(guān)系,B項(xiàng)指的是比率,速度,率等,如“taxrate稅率”、“crimerate犯罪率”;這個(gè)句子中的生存率指的是“野生動(dòng)物的存活數(shù)量和死亡的野生動(dòng)物數(shù)量之比”,是兩個(gè)數(shù)量之比,所以A項(xiàng)更符合。句意:一些野生動(dòng)物的存活率不是很高,因?yàn)樗鼈儽粴埧岬孬C殺以獲取皮毛。;C選項(xiàng)scale“規(guī)?!?;D選項(xiàng)standard“標(biāo)準(zhǔn),水準(zhǔn)”。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
18.單選題
Themanhadagooddisguise,butassoonashespokehe()himself.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.exposed
B.revealed
C.betrayed
D.disclosed
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exposed“暴露,揭露”;B選項(xiàng)revealed“透露,顯示”;C選項(xiàng)betrayed“出賣,背叛”;D選項(xiàng)disclosed“公開”。這里考查了固定搭配betrayoneself“原形畢露”,句意:這個(gè)人偽裝得很好,但一說話就()了自己。這里說的是“一說話就暴露了自己”,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
19.單選題
In()timeshumanbebeingsdidn’ttravelforpleasurebuttofindamorefavorableclimate.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.prime
B.primitive
C.primary
D.preliminary
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)prime“最好的”;B選項(xiàng)primitive“原始的,遠(yuǎn)古的”;C選項(xiàng)primary“最初的”;D選項(xiàng)preliminary“初步的,開始的”。句意:在()時(shí)代,人類旅行不是為了消遣,而是為了尋找更適宜的氣候。這句話表達(dá)的含義是“在原始時(shí)代……”,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
20.單選題
Sheisthemost()secretaryI’veeverhad.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.efficient
B.effective
C.industrial
D.practiced
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)efficient“有效率的;有能力的;生效的”,B選項(xiàng)effective“有效的,起作用的;實(shí)際的”,C選項(xiàng)industrial“工業(yè)的,產(chǎn)業(yè)的”,D選項(xiàng)practiced“熟練的;有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的;老練的”;然后看到題干:她是為我效力過的最()的秘書。可以看出只有A帶進(jìn)去最符合,她應(yīng)該是效率高,能力高的秘書,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
21.單選題
Althougharchitecturehasartisticqualities,itmustalsosatisfyanumberofimportantpractical().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.obligations
B.regulations
C.observations
D.considerations
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)obligations“義務(wù),債務(wù)”;B選項(xiàng)regulations“條例,規(guī)程”;C選項(xiàng)observations“觀察,觀察值”;D選項(xiàng)considerations“考慮,注意事項(xiàng)”。句意:雖然建筑具有藝術(shù)性,但它也必須滿足一些重要的實(shí)際_____。本句表達(dá)的意思是,雖然具有藝術(shù)性,但是還是要滿足一些重要的實(shí)際注意事項(xiàng)。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
22.單選題
BritishPrimeMinisterTonyBlairpromisedtheelectoratethatgunswouldnotbefiredwithoutanattempttowinafurtherU.N.sanction.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.allies
B.delegates
C.voters
D.juries
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“同盟,同盟國”;B選項(xiàng)“代表,委派”;C選項(xiàng)“選民”;D選項(xiàng)“陪審團(tuán),評(píng)委會(huì)”;題干中electorate“選民,選區(qū)”,句意:英國首相布萊爾向選民承諾,如果不試圖贏得聯(lián)合國的進(jìn)一步制裁,就不會(huì)開槍。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
23.單選題
Thesurveyfound80percentofviewerswere()bytheviolentscenesinthefilm.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.eliminated
B.alerted
C.offended
D.discouraged
【答案】C
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)eliminated“被淘汰,消除”;B選項(xiàng)alerted“使警覺,警告”;C選項(xiàng)offended“冒犯,生氣”;D選項(xiàng)discouraged“使……灰心”。句意:調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),80%的觀眾對(duì)影片中的暴力鏡頭感到()。這里表達(dá)的含義是“對(duì)暴力鏡頭感到被冒犯(反感)”。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
24.單選題
Manysocialproblemsarecausedbytheuneven()ofwealth.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.distribution
B.peace
C.justice
D.section
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)distribution“分配,分布”;B選項(xiàng)peace“和平”;C選項(xiàng)justice“公平,公正”;D選項(xiàng)section“部分,部門”。句意:許多社會(huì)問題是由財(cái)富()不均引起的。這句話要表達(dá)的意思是“財(cái)富的分配不均導(dǎo)致了社會(huì)問題”,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
25.單選題
Unabletodefendthemselves,someAsiancountrieswereonce()themercyoftheimperialistpowers.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.in
B.on
C.to
D.at
【答案】C
【解析】考查介詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)in“在……里”;B選項(xiàng)on“在……之上,向,朝”;C選項(xiàng)to“朝,位于……”;D選項(xiàng)at“在……”。句意:一些亞洲國家由于無法自衛(wèi),一度聽?wèi){帝國主義列強(qiáng)的擺布。這里考查的是固定搭配onthemercyof“任由……擺布,聽……的指令”,因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。
26.單選題
Theneighborsdonotconsiderhimquite()asmosteveningsheawakensthemwithhisdrunkensinging.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.respected
B.respective
C.respectful
D.respectable
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)respected“受尊敬的”;B選項(xiàng)respective“分別的,各自的”;C選項(xiàng)respectful“恭敬的,有禮貌的”;D選項(xiàng)respectable“值得尊敬的,人格高尚的,相當(dāng)數(shù)量的”。句意:鄰居們認(rèn)為他不(),因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)晚上他都會(huì)用醉醺醺的歌聲把他們吵醒。這里表達(dá)的句意是“他不值得尊敬”,因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。
27.單選題
W.SomersetMaughamafterwardswalkedthewardsofSt.Thomas’sHospital()practicinginmedicine.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.withaviewto
B.withregardsto
C.withtheaimat
D.withtheobjectfor
【答案】A
【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)withaviewto“著眼于,考慮到,意在,以……為目的”,表示會(huì)盡力去完成自己所追求的這件事;B選項(xiàng)withregardsto“關(guān)于,至于”;C選項(xiàng)withtheaimat“為了……”,aim常指短期內(nèi)的目標(biāo),往往比較具體、實(shí)際、明確,不是理想性的,努力程度一般;D選項(xiàng)withtheobjectfor“目的是”,object常指比較明確具體的單個(gè)目標(biāo),往往出于直接的需要和愿望,沒有明確表明是否會(huì)盡力。句意:后來,W.薩默塞特?毛姆走進(jìn)圣托馬斯醫(yī)院的病房,()行醫(yī)。而毛姆是想要迫切做好這件事的,因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
28.單選題
Peeringthroughthedarkness,thetravelercould()lightsinthedistanceandthenhedoubledhispace.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.perceive
B.discern
C.recognize
D.visualize
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)perceive“理解,認(rèn)知,感覺”;B選項(xiàng)discern“隱約可見,覺察出,識(shí)別”;C選項(xiàng)recognize“認(rèn)出,識(shí)別”;D選項(xiàng)visualize“形象,形象化”。句意:透過黑暗,旅行者可以()遠(yuǎn)處有燈光,于是他加快了腳步。這里因?yàn)槭峭高^黑暗,所以應(yīng)該是“隱約可見燈光”,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
29.單選題
Accordingtozoologists,animalpopulationsatagiventimeare()byfoodsuppliesatthattime.
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.governed
B.sustained
C.restricted
D.manipulated
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)governed“管理,統(tǒng)治”;B選項(xiàng)sustained“維持,持續(xù)”;C選項(xiàng)restricted“限制”;D選項(xiàng)manipulated“被操控的”。句意:根據(jù)動(dòng)物學(xué)家的說法,特定時(shí)間內(nèi)的動(dòng)物數(shù)量是由當(dāng)時(shí)的食物供應(yīng)()的。這里表示的意思是“這些食物決定了這里可以維持的動(dòng)物的數(shù)量”,因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。
30.單選題
Inthesummerof1978anEnglishfarmernamedIanStevenswasdrivinghistractorthroughafieldofwheatwhenhediscoveredsomethingstrange.Someofhiswheatwaslyingflatontheground.Theflattened(被壓平的)wheatformedacircleaboutsixmetersacross.Aroundthiscirclewerefoursmallercirclesofflattenedwheat.Inthefollowingyearsmoreandmoresimilarcircleswerefoundinafieldofwheatorcorn.Sopeoplecannothelpbutaskthequestion:Whatcausesthecircles?
Atfirstpeoplesuspectedthatthecircleswereatrick.Toprovethatthecircleswereatrick,peopletriedtocopythem:theytriedtomakecirclesexactlyliketheonesthefarmershadfound.Theycouldn’tdoit.Theycouldn’tenterafieldofgrainwithoutleavingtracks,andtheycouldn’tflattenthegrainwithoutbreakingit.Thecirclesareapparentlynotatrick.
Manypeoplebelievethatbeingsfromouterspacearemakingthecircles.Somethinkthatthebeingsaretryingtocommunicatewithusfromfarawayandthatthecirclesaremessagesfromthem.Othersbelievethatthebeingshaveactuallylandedonearthandthatthecirclesaremarksleftbytheirspaceships.Severaltimespeoplereportedseeingstrangeflyingobjectsnearfieldswherecircleslaterappeared.
Scientistssaythey’renotsurewhatcausesthem.Theyhavesuggestedseveraltheories.Forexample,somescientistssaythat“microburst’s”ofwindcreatedthecircles.Amicroburstisadownwardrushofcoolair—thesamedownwardrushofairthatsometimescausesanairplanetocrash.Othersscientistssaythatforceswithintheearthcausethecirclestoappear.Butcirclesoftenappearinforms.Itishardtobelievethatanynaturalforcecouldcreatethoseforms.Andrecentlyfarmershavediscoverednotonlycirclesbutalsoothershapessuchastrianglesintheirfields.Couldanynaturalforcecreatedaperfecttriangleinafieldofgrain?
Inthesummerof1990somescientistsspentthreeweeksinthepartofEnglandwheremanycircleshaveappeared.Theyhadallthelatesthigh-techequipment.Thisequipment—worth1.8milliondollars—recordednothing.Butonenight,asthescientistswerewatchingafield,circlesformedinthefieldbehindthem.Thesecirclesareshowninthephotograph.Thescientistshadneitherseennorheardanything.
1.Whatcausesthecircles?
2.Thethingthatprovesthatthecircleswerenotatrickisthat().
3.Thecirclesmean().
4.Theonlythingforthescientiststobehappyaboutinthesummerof1990ispossibly().
5.Apropertitleforthispassageis().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.Teenagers
B.Farmers
C.Flyingobjects.
D.Noneoftheabove.
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.twomensaidtheymadethecirclesthemselves
B.farmersweremakingthecirclestoattracttourists
C.peoplecannotcopythecircleswithoutleavingmarksorbreakingthegrain
D.scientistssuggesttheoriesthatsupporttheideathatcirclesweremadebynaturalforces
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.thatbeingsfromouterspacearetryingtocommunicatewithhumanbeings
B.thatbeingsfromouterspacehavevisitedtheearth
C.thattheredoexiststrangeflyingobjects
D.noneoftheabove
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.thattheydiscoveredhowthecirclesweremade
B.thattheysawthecircleswiththehelpofthelatesthigh-techequipment
C.theywereabletoshowthecirclesinaphotograph
D.noneoftheabove
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.AnUnsolvedMystery
B.StrangeFlyingObjects
C.ThePowerofNaturalForces
D.TheDiscoveryofStrangeCircles
【答案】第1題:D
第2題:C
第3題:D
第4題:C
第5題:A
【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干問:什么東西導(dǎo)致了這些圈圈?我們定位到倒數(shù)第二段的第一句話Scientistssaythey’renotsurewhatcausesthem.(科學(xué)家表示,他們不確定是什么導(dǎo)致了這種情況。)從這句話我們可以得出,科學(xué)家們目前也并不知道是什么導(dǎo)致了這些怪圈,其他的都只是猜測,因此答案為D“以上都不對(duì)”;A選項(xiàng)“青少年”,B選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)民”,C選項(xiàng)“飛行物”,這些都是人們的猜測。
2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問:是什么證實(shí)了這些圈圈并不是一個(gè)惡作???根據(jù)第二段第一句話Atfirst,peoplesuspectedthatthecircleswereatrick.Toprovethatthecircleswereatrickpeopletriedtocopythem,(起初,人們懷疑這些圓圈是騙人的。為了證明這些圓圈是騙人的,人們?cè)噲D模仿它們)我們可以得出答案是C選項(xiàng)“人們不能復(fù)制圓圈而不留下痕跡或打破紋理”。A選項(xiàng)“兩個(gè)男人說是他們制造了這個(gè)圈”,B選項(xiàng)“農(nóng)民們做了這個(gè)圈去吸引游客”,D選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家認(rèn)為理論支持這些圈是由自然力量完成的”。
3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。A選項(xiàng)“這些圓圈意味著來自外太空的生物正試圖與人類交流”,B選項(xiàng)“這些圓圈意味著來自外太空的生物已經(jīng)訪問過地球”,C選項(xiàng)“這些圓圈意味著確實(shí)存在奇怪的飛行物”,D選項(xiàng)“以上都不對(duì)”;題干問:這些圈圈意味著什么。根據(jù)題干我們可以定位到第二段,第二段說了Manypeoplebelievethatbeingsfromouterspacearemakingthecircles.Somethinkthatthebeingsaretryingtocommunicatewithusfromfarawayandthatthecirclesaremessagesfromthem.Othersbelievethatthebeingshaveactuallylandedonearthandthatthecirclesaremarkleftbytheirspaceships.(許多人相信是外太空的生物制造了這些圓圈。一些人認(rèn)為外太空的生物試圖與我們交流,而這些圓圈是他們的信息。其他人相信存在實(shí)際上已經(jīng)登陸地球的生物和圓圈是他們的宇宙飛船留下的印記。)但是這些都是人們的推測,目前科學(xué)家并沒有給出明確的結(jié)論,因此A、B、C都不對(duì),答案為D。
4.判斷推理題。題干問:科學(xué)家們?cè)?990年夏天唯一感到高興的事情可能是?C選項(xiàng)“他們能夠在照片上顯示圓圈”,根據(jù)題干我們定位到倒數(shù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句話:Thesecirclesareshowninthephotograph.(這些圓圈如照片所示。)可以得出,他們開心的事是C選項(xiàng)“他們能夠在照片上顯示圓圈”。A選項(xiàng)“他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了這些圓圈是如何形成的”,B選項(xiàng)“他們借助最新的高科技設(shè)備看到了這些圓圈”,D選項(xiàng)“以上都不對(duì)”。
5.文章標(biāo)題題。題干讓我們給文章找一個(gè)合適的標(biāo)題。A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)未解之謎”,B選項(xiàng)“奇怪的飛行物”,C選項(xiàng)“自然的力量”,D“奇怪的圈圈的發(fā)現(xiàn)”,根據(jù)全文我們知道,這個(gè)怪圈的謎底我們到目前都沒有解開,因此它是一個(gè)未解之謎,D選項(xiàng)過于淺顯,不能總結(jié)全文的含義,因此答案為A。
31.單選題
BigBenisoneofLondon’sbest-knownlandmark,andlooksmostspectacularatnightwhentheclockfacesarelighted.Youevenknowwhenparliamentisinsession,becausealightshinesabovetheclockface.
Thefourdialsoftheclockare23feetsquare,theminutehandis14feetlongandthefiguresare2feethigh.Minutelyregulated(校準(zhǔn))withastackofcoinsplacedonthehugependulum,BigBenisanexcellenttimekeeper,whichhasrarelystopped.
ThenameBigBenactuallyrefersnottotheclock-toweritself,buttothethirteen-tonbellhungwithin.Thebellwasnamedafterthefirstcommissionerofworks,SirBenjaminHall.ThisbellcameoriginallyfromtheoldPalaceofWestminster,andwasgiventotheDeanofSt.PaulbyWilliamIII.BeforereturningtoWestminstertohanginitspresenthome,itwasrefashionedinWhitechapelin1858.TheBBCfirstbroadcastthechimes(報(bào)時(shí))onthe31stDecember1923—thereisamicrophoneintheturretconnectedtoBroadcastingHouse.
DuringtheSecondWorldWarin1941,abombdestroyedtheLowerChamberoftheHouseofParliament,buttheclocktowerremainedintactandBigBencontinuedtokeeptimeandstrikeawaythehours,itsuniquesoundwasbroadcasttothenationandaroundtheworld,awelcomereassuranceofhopetoallwhoheardit.
Thetowerisnotopentothegeneralpublic,butthosewitha“specialinterest”mayarrangeavisittothetopoftheClockTowerthroughtheirlocal(UK)MP.
1.Whenparliamenthasmeeting().
2.Whichoffollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?
3.Thebellwasonceownedby().
4.TheBBCfirstbroadcastthechimesontheeveof().
5.Theword“intact”inLine2,Para.4probablymeans().
問題1選項(xiàng)
A.alightisonabovetheface
B.theclockfacesarelighted
C.BigBenstrikesthetime
D.BigBenlightstheparliament
問題2選項(xiàng)
A.BigBenhasonlyonehand.
B.BigBenhasneverstopped.
C.BigBenhasahugependulummadeofcoins.
D.CoinsareusedtomakeBigBenworkmoreprecisely.
問題3選項(xiàng)
A.theBBC
B.theDeanofSt.Paul
C.SirBenjaminHall
D.theoldPalaceofWestminster
問題4選項(xiàng)
A.1858
B.1923
C.1924
D.1941
問題5選項(xiàng)
A.uncut
B.unharmed
C.uninjured
D.undamaged
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:D
第3題:B
第4題:C
第5題:D
【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段第二句Youevenknowwhenparliamentisinsession,becausealightshinesabovetheclockface.(你甚至知道議會(huì)什么時(shí)候開會(huì),因?yàn)橐槐K燈在鐘面上方閃爍。)由此得知A選項(xiàng)“鐘面上有一盞燈”正確。B選項(xiàng)“鐘面是亮的”并不準(zhǔn)確;C選項(xiàng)“大本鐘在報(bào)時(shí)”沒有提及;D選項(xiàng)“大本鐘照亮了議會(huì)”不對(duì)。
2.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第二段第二句話Minutelyregulatedwithastackofcoinsplacedonthehugependulum,BigBenisanexcellenttimekeeper,whichhasrarelystopped.(大本鐘的鐘擺上放置了一堆
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