1、歐陽治創(chuàng)編 歐陽治創(chuàng)編 時間 2021.03.10創(chuàng)作：歐陽治Wang Hansong簡單句簡析不論看上去有多紛繁龐雜的英語句子，刪繁就簡之后得到的基本框架 皆是由五種基本句式組合而成。故了解并熟知英語簡單句的五種基本句式 是理解所有單復句（單句，并列句，復合句，復雜句）的最重要的前提保 證；它同時也是學好各大英語語法的必備條件。簡單句的基本句型構成英語句子最重要最基本的組成部分是主語和謂語兩大部分。而這兩 部分需要由不同功能的詞性充當，故了解各種詞性的功能成為首要任務。 下面是常見幾種詞性的主要功能簡介各類詞性的英文縮寫1.2.3.名詞 n.主語，賓語，表語；賓語補足語代詞 pron.; 主

2、語，賓語，表語語補足-不多見）動詞 v.（包括及物詞 Vt 和不及物動詞 Vi語語此章節(jié)不 涉及） 形詞 adj.表定時也可以充當狀語- 通常修飾名詞或代 詞 副 ：語（通常修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞；有時也修介詞短語） 連 conj.：起到連接兩個或兩個以上句子成分或句子的功能。 冠 ：語，通常修飾名詞了解并熟知常見詞性的主要功能，就能夠為我們快速抓住句子的主干 部分及理解長難句奠定良好的基礎。所以我們平時在背單詞時，務必要理 解并記憶其詞性。有了這個先決條件，再來學習并運用下面的五種基本句 式就簡單多了。 S Vi 主謂結構 2. 十 Vt 十 O 謂賓結構 S 十 P 主系表結構 4. S

3、十 Vt 十 十 O2 主謂雙賓結構 5. 十 Vt 十 十 主賓+賓結構解讀）語V謂語；系詞 表語O賓語； 間接賓語（通常指人接賓語（常指物賓語補足語）（2仔細觀察以上五種基本句式，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，各句式中的謂語 動詞類別并不完全一樣。因此也提醒我們在背單詞過程中，針對動詞要有 意識的去了解動詞的類別，辨清是 linkV, Vt 是 Vi 種基本句式解析 ： 十 Vi 主謂結(Vi 通常不接賓語；也無被動語)此句式后往往會歐陽治創(chuàng)編 歐陽治創(chuàng)編歐陽治創(chuàng)編 歐陽治創(chuàng)編用一些時間，地點，頻率，程度，方式等狀語修飾，以使句意更加明晰。 主常用以下詞性或詞形充: / pron./ do / claus

4、e2)用作謂語的常見不及物動詞（或短語）有 apologize,arrive, go, disappear, ; happen, take place, about, out; come up, out 等等Eg: disappeared old has existed about one taken in country since at Exx：(Tip先抽出句子主干翻譯，再在適當位置添譯附加成)我們班的每一位同學現(xiàn)在學習都很努力。我們學校的大部分班主任通常 5:20 就床了。 那大火大概是前天下午三點爆發(fā)的。 S Vt 短語)十 O 主賓構有時句子中含有與賓語有關的狀語。作賓語的成分常是

5、：名詞、代詞、動 詞不定式、動名詞或從句。如： We like sports我們喜愛運動。 what do next他知道下一步做什么。 began learning English ten 十年前他開始學英語。 I have to the flute well已經(jīng)決定把長笛吹好。 我天與同班同學一起看了一部電影。 You place me in 。 finally managed along with _） _ _ of children這些孩子他們照看 得很好。） dont being treated like 少數(shù)不及物動詞后面以跟 一個相同意義的名詞作賓語，這樣的賓語就叫做同源賓語。常

6、見的能帶同 源賓語的動詞有 live, sleep, breathe, laugh, fight, sing 等例如：1). Under the Party, peasants happy 2). I dreamed a terrible dream night.3). soldiers fight against the floods last 4). a glorious death. S linkV 十 P 系表結構 IT engineer是一位信息工程。 cloth smooth這塊布料手感細滑。歐陽治創(chuàng)編 歐陽治創(chuàng)編歐陽治創(chuàng)編 歐陽治創(chuàng)編 river my looks more in

7、 early morning. 我附 近的那條河在清晨看上去格外美麗。* 這種句型中的系動詞一般可分為下列兩類A. 表示狀態(tài)的連系動詞。 這些詞有：be, seem, appear, feel, 等： We should _ 保 持謙虛) 這食物嘗起來很糟糕。 表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結果的系動詞些詞有 go, prove,等等。如： Spring comes. It the 它經(jīng)變質(zhì) 了)。8) The _ 這個事實證明是正確的。 S V O2 謂雙賓結構間接賓語直接賓語 old the little 老給了那個小孩幾個硬 幣。 Hardey US European 哈代先生教我們歐洲文學。 a 他嬸嬸給

8、他買了一本書和 幾個玩具。 gave US encouragement 他表揚給了我們很大的鼓 舞。 is showing us how to use the 序員正在教 我們?nèi)绾问褂秒娔X。(這種句型中作間接賓語的常常指人，接賓語常常物” 如） her _ _ _ birthday present. 昨她父親給她買了一輛自行車作為生日禮物。 The is telling children in the March.。這種句型還可轉(zhuǎn)換為其他兩種句型：動直接賓語 sb.；動接賓語 to 。 Pleaseshow me your picture. = _ _ _ Ill offer good cha

9、nce as long you t heart.= Ill offer _ _ _ _ as you dont lose V 十 O 十 主賓補結構 We Creek difficult我們認為希臘語太難了。 Wemade captain我們選他作隊長。 want to let 他們不想讓我們走。 When the they found the 警察進來時發(fā) 現(xiàn)老人死了。 1ikes boys playing football. 他喜歡看那些男孩們踢足歐陽治創(chuàng)編 歐陽治創(chuàng)編歐陽治創(chuàng)編 歐陽治創(chuàng)編球。* 這種句型中“賓語 補語可稱復合賓語, 作語的常常是名 詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、動詞

10、不定式等。如： 6） please. 請孩子們安靜下來。 他 把墻漆成白色。）我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個誠實的人。注意動 make, see, notice, feel, watch 等面所接 的動詞不定式作賓補時，不帶 to但如果變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，則加上 如 ） him do the work all 變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)Exx：判斷下面各句分別屬于簡單句的哪種基本句型： sister ( ) that would playing with fire. ( ) I will tell to the environment. ) They their a secret. ( ) She gave me her te

11、lephone number. ( ) ( ) I waiting till ) Did you sleep well? () Horse-riding and shooting of more unusual events. ( )10. makes feel easy and forget ( )綜合能力訓練 smoke in the meeting-room，_? do you will you can you Dcould you2.Canned food not sourly sour C. souring soured I make dream _. true come true

12、C come true Dcomes in bed Awake awake waken D awaken I think a good to get A Bit that D - you with brother? t _.Anor dont I care Bnor I C don care neither I dont care also set will us the dayAinformed Bentertained Ceducated Dinform found _ all 歐陽治創(chuàng)編 歐陽治創(chuàng)編歐陽治創(chuàng)編 歐陽治創(chuàng)編 leave D were for at last Bcame C

13、come come10. He did all could people in the areaAhelp B D11. Every minute be full use of A Bdoing C do12. used to _disturbed nowAbeing Bbe C Dis 13. Would like to come tonight.Id like to,_ Im and B. as but14. Black doesnt her able to design digital he isnt he C. doesnt does she15. told you that ther

14、e wasnt in the room that time, A. there B. wasn there C. didnt D. did he16. How about aunt _ good student. believes John B. suggests John C. D. knows John 17. I like _ she as while C. D. 18. Yesterday birthday. mother _. for me cake B. cake to C. cake cake me19. I hear got lost yesterday.Yes, I coul

15、dnt find _ my way to I should forC. how to return D. way back for20. One will task B. that C. and D. if21. I had thought I would bus._you wouldnt have arrived on Otherwise But 22. Why didnt you buy it? did the color agree with me. Because the price high Not only did it fit meC. For I disliked its D.

16、 Neither quality satisfactory23. Why didnt you go airport her off? I I lateB. yes, I Im sorry for C. I did. But I couldnt get on time no, Im my know24. The isnt bad, is No,_ its bit too crowded. for C. and 歐陽治創(chuàng)編 歐陽治創(chuàng)編歐陽治創(chuàng)編 歐陽治創(chuàng)編高考試題精選25. me for breaking in,_ I have for you. B. but D. yet26. a new bu

17、t _ will a lot of work before they in. it 27. had your teeth out _? had you B. hadnt you C. did you didnt you28. youll like B. Try C. To try 29. One week, _ will accomplish the task. so that C. and D. if30. Alice, feed bird I fed it do you will didnt dont you31. Would you like a coffee _ down busine

18、ss away? and B. thenC. orD. otherwise32. thought I her _, in fact I my daughter. A. B. where D. while33. is no light in the dormitory. They must gone to _? didnt they C. 34. I dont like chicken I like chicken,_ I like fish C. or; and D. but35. Be us,_? will you B. arent C. can D. mustnt 36. _from to

19、 How it is B. What long is itC. How long What long it 37. in the _? do you will you C. can you could 38. Bills aim is to inform cigarette advertising TV is illegal, _?A. isnt it B. C. isnt D. is he39. There are eight tips in Dr Rogers lecture on sleep, and one of them is: to bed early you think it n

20、ecessary.A. doesnt go B. not C. not going D. t go40. _ straight on you a church. it. B. C. If you goD. 并列句和復合句句子種類、按句子的用途可分四種：歐陽治創(chuàng)編 歐陽治創(chuàng)編歐陽治創(chuàng)編 歐陽治創(chuàng)編述定 six years old. / She t hear of before. ）疑問句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意- Do they like did you - Is six or seven years old? can she? / Lets go, shall we? ）祈使句： carefu

21、l, / Dont in class）感嘆句： exciting film it was!/ How the boy is!、按句子的結構可分三種：）簡單句：只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂 - often reads English in - and Mike American boys.- She likes draws for wall newspapers. 并句：由并列連詞 等）或分號（兩個或兩個以上 的簡單句連在一起構成。如：- You him you.- bright; the road is 前是光明的，道路是曲折的。 ）合句：含有一個或一個以上從的句子。復合句包

22、含：名詞性從句 （主語從句語句語從句和同位語從句句和狀語從句等。并列句的分類、表示連接兩個同等概念，常用 and, not only but also, neither 等接。如The teacher name Smith, the student John. 、表示選擇，常用的連詞有 or, either or, otherwise 等如：Hurry up, miss the 、表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有 however, while, when 等。如： He was a little man with thick glasses, but he strange way of makinghi

23、s classes 、表示因果關系，常用的連詞有 so, for, 等。如：August is the time of the for every I from until dark.復合句1.名詞性從句1)2)3)4) is on us that she a 2.定語從句句 is man I in 3.狀語從句句He ill.Exercise判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復合句：歐陽治創(chuàng)編 歐陽治創(chuàng)編歐陽治創(chuàng)編 歐陽治創(chuàng)編（） We often on Friday （） boy who his seat Tom.（） chair this room, isn there?（） My I g

24、o at past in the morning come back in the evening.（） in Class I am in Two.（） fond of when was a （） Neither has he will do （）8. he said at the meeting very important, isn （） farmer is showing boy how a （）10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.高考考點探討、簡單句的五大句型是最基本的句型。雖然近幾年單純考查這種基礎句型 的題不多，但是在閱讀中有時需借助

25、于劃分句子成分去理解，在書面表 達中，沒有最基本的遣詞造句的能力是不可能用地道的英語句子來表達 清楚的。祈使句意疑問句和感嘆句是高考命題的熱點之一時祈使句與反 意疑問句結合于一體來考查。一個題目，幾個考點，是近幾年命題的發(fā) 展趨勢。、高考對簡單句、并列句和各種復合句的考查常表現(xiàn)在對連詞的選擇和使 用上。如：and, ，以及其它連接名詞性從句、定語從句和狀 語從句的連接詞、關聯(lián)詞。、各種主從復合句的考查常常與動詞的時態(tài)聯(lián)系在一起，以賓語從句與狀 語從句最為明顯時間, 讓與條件從句中如主句是將來時從句則 用一般現(xiàn)在式表將來，這一點在高考中經(jīng)?？疾閃e will go if it doesn rai

26、n tomorrow.鞏固練習：一、選擇填空：1. Give me minute _ I able to finish and or C. if D. so2. Its the third time that John late, _? hasn he B. isnt C. isnt it D. hasnt Let us pass, _?A. shant we shall C. won we D. will 4. suppose s serious, _? do I B. don is D. isnt 5. m sorry to have to this, _ forg to turn off

27、 when left and C. D. because John has not yet driving and A. Henry hasn B. Henry also not eitherC. Henry has Henry are sports lovers in Some _ swimming. or B. for while 歐陽治創(chuàng)編 歐陽治創(chuàng)編歐陽治創(chuàng)編 歐陽治創(chuàng)編 - you like going out _ rather have - Id like to out. B. C. but D. - Your uncle t an engineer, he?- A. Yes, i

28、snt B. No, isnt No, he is 10. _ friendly How, is B. What, is C. 11. went early, felt tired. or so for 12. As he lift one pounds he B. but he C. he and13. _ - the asleep the B. C. D. To 14. I dont like chicken fish.- dont like chicken like fish very but C. or, and15. - Would you like to tonight? - Id

29、 like to, _ Im too and so C. as but二、用適當?shù)倪B接詞填空: closed window, off light left She is American _ she speaks fluently.3. is foggy today, _ we cant distant 4. He likes sports, _ Id rather lect 5. _ he couldn understand was _ fewer and fewer showed their in I we go sightseeing in Hangzhou and could book

30、s our way in Shanghai. She expressed hope _ she would novel someday. girl very good won first place the of us very happy. Please tell us time _ we shall have the 10. young was a storekeeper 三、將下列句子譯成英語： 他決心不再浪費時間和精力在網(wǎng)絡游戲上了 do） 我時間很緊，幫忙找輛出租車好嗎？find） 有做演講時時，我們得保持安靜，對不?(義疑問句 我把英語看作日常工作中的一種有用的工具(consider) 他取消了上個星期天去揚州的游覽為整整下了一天雨） 金就是一切，這個觀點我不喜歡位從句