1、Unit 1 People of AchievementReading and ThinkingUnit 1 People of Achievement阿爾伯特愛(ài)因斯坦（Albert Einstein），是著名的德國(guó)猶太裔理論物理學(xué)家，思想家及哲學(xué)家。查爾斯達(dá)爾文（Charles Robert Darwin），英國(guó)生物學(xué)家，進(jìn)化論的奠基人。阿爾伯特愛(ài)因斯坦（Albert Einstein），是著名屠呦呦，中國(guó)第一位獲得諾貝爾科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的本土科學(xué)家，第一位獲得中國(guó)國(guó)家最高科學(xué)技術(shù)獎(jiǎng)的女性科學(xué)家。2019年9月29日，89歲的屠呦呦又獲得人生中的重要榮譽(yù)：中華人民共和國(guó)首次授予的“共和國(guó)勛章”。正如

2、那句話：“凡是過(guò)去，皆為序曲（Whats past is prologue-Shakespeare）。然而，序曲就是一種準(zhǔn)備?！边@位耄耋老人時(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備著，為人類健康造福。屠呦呦，中國(guó)第一位獲得諾貝爾科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的本土科學(xué)家，第一位獲得What kind of person makes great discoveries? Which is more important for making a great discovery, talent or effort? What kind of person makes greavital adj.必不可少的，極其重要的；充滿生機(jī)的committed ad

3、j. 盡心盡力的；堅(jiān)信的；堅(jiān)定的evaluate vt. 評(píng)價(jià)，評(píng)估distinct adj. 清晰的，清楚的，有區(qū)別的acknowledge vt. 承認(rèn)（屬實(shí)、權(quán)威等）；（公開(kāi)）感謝，確認(rèn)/告知收到defeat n. 失敗，挫敗 vt. 擊敗，戰(zhàn)勝conclude vt. 作出結(jié)論，結(jié)束，完成apparently adv. 顯而易見(jiàn)；看來(lái)；顯然insist vi.&vt. 堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)決要求；堅(jiān)稱；堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為vital adj.必不可少的，極其重要的；充滿生機(jī)的In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the

4、 objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)In 1967, the Chinese governmenIn the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.不定式短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ)In the beginning, Tu Youyou weUpon hearing

5、that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said：“The honour is not just mine.”介詞on/upon后面可跟動(dòng)名詞或名詞作賓語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成介賓結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作狀語(yǔ)，可以轉(zhuǎn)換為as soon as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。Upon hearing that she had been1、Where would you most likely find this passage? A. In a blog. B. In a book C. In a letter. D.In a newspaper2、Passages like th

6、is are most often written in and . A. the active voice/offer many opinions B. the first person/talk about feelingsC. both active and passive voice/mostly contain facts3、Which two pieces of information were not included in the passage? A. A quote from Tu YouyouB. The details of how artemisinin was di

7、scovered.C. Tu Youyous important contributions other than the discovery of artemisinin.D. Tu Youyous personal life.E. Tu Youyous road to discovering artemisinin.F. What Tu Youyou was awarded.G. Why artemisinin is an important discovery. 1 D 2 C 3 CD1、Where would you most likely 1 Why is the discover

8、y of artemisinin important?2 What was the key to getting a good extract from the wormwood、3 What numbers are mentioned in the text? What do they suggest?4 Why is TuYouyou considered a great person?1 Why is the discovery of arteTu Youyous team examined over 2000 old medical texts, and evaluated 28000

9、0 plans.They found a medical text suggesting using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever.They texted a collection of dried wormwood leaves.They tried boiling fresh wormwood and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this didnt work.They used lower temperature to draw ou

10、t the sweet wormwood extract. They tested the medicine on themselves to see if safe.They tested the medicine on malaria patients .The medicine became a standard treatment for malaria.Tu Youyous team examined over你知道迄今有多少中國(guó)人榮獲諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)嗎？?jī)晌恢袊?guó)籍人：1、屠呦呦，1930年12月30日生于浙江寧波。2015年10月，屠呦呦獲得諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，理由是她發(fā)現(xiàn)了青蒿素，這種

11、藥品可以有效降低瘧疾患者的死亡率。她成為首獲科學(xué)類諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的中國(guó)人。2、莫言，1955年2月17日出生于山東高密。2012年獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，亦是第一個(gè)獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的中國(guó)籍作家，獲獎(jiǎng)理由是：通過(guò)幻覺(jué)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義將民間故事、歷史與當(dāng)代社會(huì)融合在一起。九位外籍華人：高錕 錢永健 高行健 崔琦 朱棣文 李遠(yuǎn)哲 丁肇中 楊振寧 李政道課外小知識(shí)你知道迄今有多少中國(guó)人榮獲諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)嗎？課外小知識(shí)Thank you!Thank you!Unit 1Learning about LanguageUnit 1Learning about Language非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 有些定語(yǔ)從句只對(duì)某個(gè)詞作進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明，例

12、如：She was married to Tony, who was also a student這里who引起的就是一個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，拿掉之后句子還能成立。在一般情況下，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句都由一個(gè)逗號(hào)把它和句子的其它部分分開(kāi)，在句中起到補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用，在譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)多譯成一個(gè)并列句。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 有些定語(yǔ)從句只對(duì)某個(gè)詞作進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明一、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有：關(guān)系代詞 which, who, whom, whose, as 關(guān)系副詞when, where等Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.水是一

13、種清澈的液體，有許多用途。He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.他將把野餐推遲到5月1日，那時(shí)他將有空。 一、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞在句中所作成分：關(guān)系代詞：主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)關(guān)系副詞：狀語(yǔ)The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.這個(gè)男孩，他的爸爸是一位工程師，學(xué)習(xí)很努力。Once more I am in Boston, where I have not been for years. 我再

14、次來(lái)到波士頓，我多年沒(méi)來(lái)了。關(guān)系詞在句中所作成分：二、as的用法as 也可以作為關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，as在定語(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。（1）as 引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，主要用在固定搭配 such. . .as, the same . . . as中。He is not the same man as he was. 他和以前不一樣了。（2） as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，指代主句的內(nèi)容，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，常譯為“正如”。Smoking is harmful to ones health, as is known to us all. 眾所周知，吸煙有害健康。二、

15、as的用法as 也可以作為關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非（3）as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可置于主句前。As I have pointed out, it is important to include vegetables in our diet.正如我所指出的，蔬菜在日常飲食中很重要。（4）as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句?？煽醋鞴潭ńY(jié)構(gòu)，如：as is known to us 眾所周知as is reported 正如所提及的那樣as we all know 眾所周知as has been said before 正如之前所說(shuō)（3）as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可置于主句前。三、使用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

16、時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)（1）that 不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，用who, whom指代人，用which 指代物。She was very fond of speaking French, which indeed she spoke well.她很喜歡講法語(yǔ)，而且講得確實(shí)很好。（2）當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或被物主代詞、指示代詞修飾時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句通常是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。They went to London, where they lived for six months.他們?nèi)チ藗惗?，在那兒住了六個(gè)月。三、使用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)（1）that 不能引導(dǎo)（3）非限制性定語(yǔ)

17、從句可以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明整個(gè)主句。In the presence of so many people he was a little tense, which was understandable. 在那么多人面前他有點(diǎn)緊張，這是可以理解的。（4）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句表原因時(shí)，不用why引導(dǎo)，而用 for which 代替 why。I had told them the reason, for which I didnt attend the meeting.我已經(jīng)告訴了他們我沒(méi)有參加會(huì)議的原因。（3）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明整個(gè)主句。四、限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別（1）形式不同限制性定語(yǔ)

18、從句與主句之間無(wú)逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與主句之間有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。This is the best passage that I have ever read. 這是我讀過(guò)的最好的文章。I read a passage last night, which is very interesting. 我昨天晚上讀了一篇文章，它非常有趣。四、限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別（1）形式不同（2）作用不同限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以修飾名詞或代詞，與先行詞關(guān)系密切，若缺少，句意則不完整。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾名詞或代詞，也可以修飾整個(gè)句子，對(duì)先行詞僅起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，若缺少，句意仍相對(duì)完整。Do you reme

19、mber the man who taught us English? 你記得教我們英語(yǔ)的那個(gè)人嗎？She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit. 她和家人都騎車去上班，這有助于他們保持健康?？赏ㄟ^(guò)以下兩個(gè)例句對(duì)比理解兩者的區(qū)別：His brother who is 19 years old is serving in the army now. 他的一個(gè)19歲的哥哥正在部隊(duì)服役。 (他有不止一個(gè)哥哥）His brother, who is 19 years old, is serving in the army n

20、ow. 他的哥哥今年19歲，正在部隊(duì)服役。 (他只有一個(gè)哥哥）（2）作用不同（3）翻譯不同限制性定語(yǔ)從句的句子一般先譯從句，后譯先行詞，即把從句放在先行詞前，譯為“的先行詞”。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的句子一般先譯主句，后譯從句，形成兩個(gè)分句。He is the man who lives next to me. 他就是住在我隔壁的那個(gè)人。He is a warm-hearted man, who lives next to me. 他是個(gè)熱心腸的人，住在我的隔壁。（3）翻譯不同（4）關(guān)系詞不同關(guān)系代詞 that 不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略；在非限制性定語(yǔ)從

21、句中，所有關(guān)系詞都不可省略。Mr. White, whom you met yesterday, is one of my old friends. 你昨天遇到的懷特先生是我的一個(gè)老朋友。 (非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，whom在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，不能省略）（4）關(guān)系詞不同五、特殊結(jié)構(gòu)“名詞代詞of + which/whom”There are 30 chairs in the hall, most of which are new.大廳里有三十把椅子，絕大部分是新的。五、特殊結(jié)構(gòu)“名詞代詞of + which/whom”六、關(guān)系代詞、人稱代詞、指示代詞的選擇關(guān)鍵是判斷句子結(jié)構(gòu)：非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一選關(guān)系代詞

22、并列句一選人稱代詞或指示代詞He came late again and this made his boss angry. 他又遲到了，這使他的老板很生氣。This is my smart phone and it was bought yesterday.這是我昨天買的智能手機(jī)。I met Professor Xu, who told me the result of the election.我遇到了許教授，他告訴了我選舉的結(jié)果。六、關(guān)系代詞、人稱代詞、指示代詞的選擇關(guān)鍵是判斷句子結(jié)構(gòu)：Thank youThank youUnit 1Using Language & Assessing

23、Your ProgressUnit 1Using Language & AssessiAlbert EinsteinAlbert EinsteinWhat do you know about Albert Einstein? Share Einsteins life story and achievements with your partners.What do you know about Albert Finish the timeline.1879Born in Germany1895Tried to enter university in Switzerland1896Entered

24、 university1900Graduated1902Took a job on the Swiss patent office1905Earned a doctorate; published four extraordinary physics papers1909Entered research full-time1922Won the Nobel Prize for Physics1933Fled Germany1955Passed awayFinish the timeline.1879Born i討論下列問(wèn)題1. Apart from his remarkable achieve

25、ments, what does the passage tell us about Einsteins life?Though Einstein was slightly odd-looking, he was kind and funny. Sometimes he may be forgetful. He was loved by his friends and neighbours.討論下列問(wèn)題1. Apart from his remark2. What impressed you most about Einstein? State your reasons. What impre

26、ssed me most about Einstein is his strong passion for knowledge. When he failed in the first college entrance exam, he didnt give up. He worked hard and managed to pass the exam. I think it was his passion for knowledge that drove him to do like that. When he worked in the patent office, he made ful

27、l use of his spare time to study and made great achievements in physics. Without his strong passion for knowledge, he wouldnt have been where he was.2. What impressed you most aboActivity 3（1）What type of writing is this text? How does the writer develop the text? It is a biography of Albert Einstei

28、n. This passage is developed according to the order of time. Activity 3（2）Find the descriptions that tell us what Einstein looked like and what kind of person he was. He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock. He was s

29、een as a slightly odd-looking but kind and funny man. （2）Find the descriptions that （3）What rhetorical devices are used in the passage? Give examples. Einstein, who was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him. (metaphor) He had a thick moustache and long white hair, which some

30、times stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock. (simile)（3）What rhetorical devices are課堂演練假如你是李華，你的外國(guó)朋友Jack想了解著名科學(xué)家屠呦呦的相關(guān)情況，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下要求給他寫一封回信。姓名：屠呦呦國(guó)籍：中國(guó)職業(yè)：藥學(xué)家、科學(xué)家興趣愛(ài)好：自幼對(duì)傳統(tǒng)中藥興趣濃厚主要經(jīng)歷：1. 1930年12月30日出生于浙江省寧波市；2. 1951年考入北京醫(yī)學(xué)院，主修制藥專業(yè)；3. 畢業(yè)后接受中醫(yī)培訓(xùn)兩年半，并一直在北京從事中醫(yī)工作；4. 1971年成功發(fā)現(xiàn)并制成青蒿素；5. 2015年10月5日，她被授予諾