1、Unit3Computer教課方案Period3UsingLanguageTeachingAims:TodiscussaboutITTowriteareportaboutITToreadaboutandroidsorrobotsProceduresI.WarmingupbytalkingaboutITWhatisInformationtechnology?Informationtechnology(IT)orinformationandcommunicationtechnology(ICT)isthetechnologyrequiredforinformationprocessing.Inpa

2、rticulartheuseofelectroniccomputersandcomputersoftwaretoconvert,store,protect,process,transmit,andretrieveinformationfromanywhere,anytime.II.ListeningandwritingaboutdifferentkindsofinformationtechnologyorIT,discussandwritedowningroupstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeachkind.III.Reading,speakingandwri

3、tingItissaidthatcomputerscouldbeputintoandroidsorrobots.ReadthetextAndyTheAndroid,underliningalltheexpressionsandthinkofthefunyoucouldhave!ExpressionsfromAndyTheAndroidpartofafootballteam,onceayear,gettogether,playafootballgame,beasas,infat,looklike,onthefootballteam,runfast,thinklikeahuman,shoutto,

4、incomputerlanguage,haagoodshotforagoal,getsecondplace,winthefirstplace,haveanewkindofprogram,improveonesintelligence,createabettersystem,playagainstahumanteam,inaway,program-1-makeup,afterall,withthehelpofSpeakingandwritingSupposeyouandyourpartneraregoingtohelpchoosecomputersforyourschool.Nowtalkabo

5、utthespecialthingseachofthecomputercandoandwriteareporttoyourheadmaster.IV.WritingaletterSupposeyouareanandroid.Whatwouldsaytoaspoiledchildwhowouldnotdohishomework?Writealettertotheboy.-2-AndroidAnandroidisanartificiallycreatedbeingthatresemblesahumanbeing.ThewordderivesfromGreekAndr-man,humanandthe

6、suffix-eidesusedtomeanofthespecies,kind,alike(fromeidosspecies).Theworddroid,arobotintheStarWarsuniverse,isderivedfromthismeaning.Somepeoplemaintainthat,etymologically,thewordandroidmeansresemblingamalehumanandthatarobotresemblingawomanshouldlogicallybecalledagynoidforsexistlanguagetobeavoided;howev

7、er,thiswordisnotcommonlyused.Unlikethetermsrobot(amechanicalbeing)andcyborg(abeingthatispartlyorganicandpartlymechanical),thewordandroidhasbeenusedinliteratureandothermediatodenoteseveraldifferentkindsofman-made,autonomouscreations:arobotthatcloselyresemblesahumanacyborgthatcloselyresemblesahumanana

8、rtificiallycreated,yetprimarilyorganic,beingthatcloselyresemblesahumanAlthoughessentiallyhumanmorphologyisnottheidealformforworkingrobots,thefascinationindevelopingrobotsthatcanmimicitcanbefoundhistoricallyintheassimilationoftwoconcepts:simulacra(devicesthatexhibitlikeness)andautomata(devicesthathav

9、eindependence).ThetermandroidwasfirstusedbytheFrenchauthorMathiasVilliersdelIsle-Adam(1838-1889)inhisworkTomorrowsEve,featuringaman-madehuman-likerobotnamedHadaly.Assaidbytheofficerinthestory,“InthisageofRealienadvancement,whoknowswhatgoesoninthemindofthoseresponsibleforthesemechanicaldolls.”附：備課參照資

10、料ComputerBasicsToaccomplishataskusingacomputer,youneedacombinationofhardware,software,andinput.Hardwareconsistsofdevices,likethecomputeritself,themonitor,keyboard,printer,mouseandspeakers.Insideyourcomputertherearemorebitsofhardware,includingthemotherboard,whereyouwouldfindthemainprocessingchipsthat

11、makeupthecentralprocessingunit(CPU).Thehardwareprocessesthecommandsitreceivesfromthesoftware,andperformstasksorcalculations.Softwareisthenamegiventotheprogramsthatyouinstallonthecomputertoperformcertaintypesofactivities.Thereisoperatingsystemsoftware,suchastheAppleOSforaMacintosh,orWindows95orWindow

12、s98foraPC.Thereisalsoapplicationsoftware,likethegamesweplayorthetoolsweusetocomposelettersordomathproblems.Youprovidetheinput.Whenyoutypeacommandorclickonanicon,youaretellingthecomputerwhattodo.Thatiscalledinput.HowTheyWorkTogetherFirst,youprovideinputwhenyouturnonthecomputer.Thenthesystemsoftwarete

13、llstheCPUtostartupcertainprogramsandtoturnonsomehardwaredevicessothattheyarereadyformoreinputfromyou.Thiswholeprocessiscalledbootingup.Thenextstephappenswhenyouchooseaprogramyouwanttouse.Youclickontheiconorenteracommandtostarttheprogram.LetsusetheexampleofanInternetbrowser.Oncetheprogramhasstarted,i

14、tisreadyforyourinstructions.Youeitherenteranaddress(calledaURL,whichstandsforUniformResourceLocator),orclickonanaddressyouvesavedalready.Ineithercase,thecomputernowknowswhatyouwantittodo.Thebrowsersoftwarethengoesouttofindthataddress,startingupotherhardwaredevices,suchasamodem,whenitneedsthem.Ifitis

15、abletofindthecorrectaddress,thebrowserwillthentellyourcomputertosendtheinformationfromthewebpageoverthephonewireorcabletoyourcomputer.Eventually,youseethewebsiteyouwerelookingfor.Ifyoudecideyouwanttoprintthepage,youclickontheprintericon.Again,youhaveprovidedinputtotellthecomputerwhattodo.Thebrowsers

16、oftwaredetermineswhetheryouhaveaprinterattachedtoyourcomputer,andwhetheritisturnedon.Itmayremindyoutoturnontheprinter,thensendtheinformationaboutthewebpagefromyourcomputer-4-overthecabletotheprinter,whereitisprintedout.II.TelevisionOldportabletelevisionAtelevision(alsoTVortelly)isadevice(tool)withas

17、creenthatreceivesbroadcastsignalsandturnsthemintopicturesandsound.Theword“television”comesfromthewordstele(Greekforfaraway)andvision(seeing).UsuallyaTVlookslikeabox.OlderTVshadlargewoodenframesandsatonthefloorlikefurniture.NewerTVsbecamesmallersotheycouldfitonshelves,orevenportablesoyoucouldtakeitwi

18、thyouwhereveryouwent.ThesmallestTVscanfitinyourhand.ThelargestTVscantakeupawholewallinyourhouse,andmaysitonthefloor,orbejustalargeflatscreenthatcanbemountedonthewall.ManyTVsarenowmadeinwidescreenshapelikemovietheatrescreens,ratherthanold,moresquareTVs.Atelevisionhasanantenna(oraerial),orithasacable.

19、Thisgetsthesignalfromtheair,orcablecomputersandgameconsoles,usuallythroughakindofsocketcalled.“SCART”III.WeborWorldWideWebTheWorldWideWebisthepartoftheInternetthatcontainswebsitesandwebpages.ItisnotusedtodescribeWebPagesthatareusedofflinewherenetservicesarenotavailable,ornocomputernetworkexists-such

20、asWikipediaonCD.Inthiscasenorealphysicalsiteexistsotherthantheplacewherethecomputeris.BlogandWikicapabilitieswillalsonotbeavailablebecausetheserequireacommunicationwithothercomputers.IV.RadioRadioisacommunicationsinvention.Thoughoriginallyusedtocommunicatebetweentwopeople,itisnowusedtolistentomusic,

21、news,andpeopletalking.RadioshowswerethepredecessortoTVprograms.V.DVDDVDmostcommonlystandsfor“digitalversatiledisk”.ItcanvideoplaythatisofahigherqualitythanaVHStape.-5-VI.TwokindsofDVDTheycanalsohold4.7GBofinformationasopposedtothe700MBthataCDcanhold.AplusofusingaDVDforavideoistheabilitytohaveinterac

22、tivemenusandbonusfeaturessuchasdeletedscenesandcommentaries.VII.EmailEmail(electronicmail)isamessage,usuallytext,sentfromoneInternetusertoanother.Emailisquickerthansnailmail(mail)whensendingoverlongdistancesandisusuallyfree.Tosendorreceiveanemail,acomputerwithamodemandtelephonelineconnectedtotheInte

23、rnet,andanemailprogramarerequired.Emailaddressesaregenerallyformatedlikethis:loginserver.(comorfrororgorukorother).Somecompaniesletyousendandreceiveemailforfreefromawebsite.Gmail,HotmailandYahoo!dothis.VIII.HumanHerearetwohumans.Amanisontheleftandawomanisontheright.Ahumanorhumanbeingisaperson,likeyo

24、u.Amalehumanisaman,afemalehumanisawoman.Ifyouthinkaboutallhumansinthewholeworld,theyarecalledhumanity.Inthepast,peoplehavealsousedmanandmankindtomeanallhumans.HumansarecalledHomosapiensbyscientists.Humansareananimalspeciesthatbelongstothegroupcalledprimates.Monkeysareprimatestoo,buttheprimatesmostli

25、kepeoplearegorillasandchimpanzees.Mostscientiststhinkthatchimpanzeesandhumanscamefromacommonancestorbywhatiscalledevolution.Otheranimalsevenmorelikehumansthanchimpanzeesoncelivedtoo,buttheyarenowextinct.Humanrightsarethosethingsthateveryonedeservesandthewaytheyshouldbetreatedbyotherpeople.此刻達(dá)成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)

26、組成：此刻達(dá)成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)由have/hasbeen+v-ed組成。特色：1主語是行為動作的承受者。如：-6-TheGreatWallhasbeenrebuilt.張飛廟已經(jīng)過重修。2說話時(shí)已經(jīng)達(dá)成的動作或出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。如Thedoorhasbeenlocked.門已經(jīng)被鎖上了。（我或他人此刻進(jìn)不去）3作或狀態(tài)始于過去，連續(xù)到此刻，并可能連續(xù)下去。如：Hehasbeentoldaboutitformanytimes.有人告訴他這事好多次了。（可能還會有人告訴他）4用在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，表示未來某時(shí)已達(dá)成的動作。如：Wellstartassoonastheworkhasbeenfinished.工作一達(dá)成我們就立刻起程。注意事項(xiàng)