1、Grammar - Past ParticipleGrammar - Past ParticipleI.過去分詞的形式和意義過去分詞的形式和意義1. 1. 過去分詞通常由動詞原形加過去分詞通常由動詞原形加- -eded構(gòu)成。此外還構(gòu)成。此外還有少數(shù)不規(guī)則形式，有的不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞有少數(shù)不規(guī)則形式，有的不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞有兩種形式。有些現(xiàn)代語法著作把過去分詞稱為有兩種形式。有些現(xiàn)代語法著作把過去分詞稱為- -eded分詞（分詞（- -ed Paticiple)ed Paticiple)2. 過去分詞與其它非限定詞一樣，都沒有時的過去分詞與其它非限定詞一樣，都沒有時的特征，所不同的是，它形式

2、單一，沒有體與語特征，所不同的是，它形式單一，沒有體與語態(tài)的變化。態(tài)的變化。3. 及物動詞的過去分詞表示被動和完成意義，及物動詞的過去分詞表示被動和完成意義，不及物動詞的過去分詞表示主動和完成意義。不及物動詞的過去分詞表示主動和完成意義。II. 過去分詞的在句中的用法過去分詞的在句中的用法1. 過去分詞（短語）表語過去分詞（短語）表語1.1 過去分詞（短語）作表語時，其作用相當(dāng)于過去分詞（短語）作表語時，其作用相當(dāng)于adj.,說明的是說明的是主語的狀態(tài)主語的狀態(tài)All the windows are broken.All hope is gone.This article is well wr

3、itten.He appeared more satisfied with my work.（1 1）有許多過去分詞已經(jīng)完全形容化了，它可以被有許多過去分詞已經(jīng)完全形容化了，它可以被veryvery等等副詞修飾，可以有比較級等級形式，這類過去分詞常見的有：副詞修飾，可以有比較級等級形式，這類過去分詞常見的有：amazed, bored, disappointed, disturbed, embarrassed, excited, amazed, bored, disappointed, disturbed, embarrassed, excited, frightened, intereste

4、d, limited, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, surprised, frightened, interested, limited, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried tired, worried 等。等。（2）有的過去分詞可以被副詞有的過去分詞可以被副詞well修飾，如：修飾，如：built, cooked, done, dressed, known, organized, prepared, written等。等。（3）其它副詞也可以修飾過去分詞，如：其它副詞也可以修飾過去分詞，

5、如：deeply moved, greatly indebted, highly developed 等。等。1.2 1.2 由過去分詞構(gòu)成的合成形容詞也可以作表語由過去分詞構(gòu)成的合成形容詞也可以作表語They are well-behaved and well-spoken.1.3 1.3 過去分詞作表語時，其后可以接介詞短語、不定式短語過去分詞作表語時，其后可以接介詞短語、不定式短語及及that that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句He is very much opposed to your plan.The mother was pleased to hear from her so

6、n.Im satisfied that you didnt tell me a lie.1.4 “be+過去分詞過去分詞” 有可能是一個系表結(jié)構(gòu)，也有可能有可能是一個系表結(jié)構(gòu)，也有可能是一個被動結(jié)構(gòu)，這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)的差別是：是一個被動結(jié)構(gòu)，這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)的差別是：（1）被動結(jié)構(gòu)表動作，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)表狀態(tài)。）被動結(jié)構(gòu)表動作，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)表狀態(tài)。（2） 被動結(jié)構(gòu)之后可以接被動結(jié)構(gòu)之后可以接by + 動作的執(zhí)行者，系表結(jié)構(gòu)則不行。動作的執(zhí)行者，系表結(jié)構(gòu)則不行。（3）系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去詞可以被）系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去詞可以被well, very, much, quite 等副詞修飾，等副詞修飾，而被動結(jié)構(gòu)中過去分詞則不能

7、。而被動結(jié)構(gòu)中過去分詞則不能。（4）系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞往往具有固定的介詞搭配。）系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞往往具有固定的介詞搭配。Why is the glass broken?By whom is the glass broken?(系表結(jié)構(gòu)）系表結(jié)構(gòu)）(被動結(jié)構(gòu)被動結(jié)構(gòu))It is covered with thick ice and deep snow.Your table should be covered by a white cloth.(系表結(jié)構(gòu)）系表結(jié)構(gòu)）(被動結(jié)構(gòu)被動結(jié)構(gòu))1.5注意注意: 過去分詞和過去分詞和ing分詞作表語的區(qū)別：分詞作表語的區(qū)別： 過去分詞作表語通常表示主語

8、所處的狀態(tài)或感受，而過去分詞作表語通常表示主語所處的狀態(tài)或感受，而-ing分詞作表語多表示主語所具有的特征，如：分詞作表語多表示主語所具有的特征，如：Hearing the news, we felt very surprised. 聽到那個消息，我們感到很驚訝The news is very surprising. 這個消息很令人驚訝。They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他們聽到那可怕的聲音很害怕。At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were mo

9、ved to tears.看到這么動人的情景，所有在場的人都感動得流下了眼淚。 2. 摸底測驗The painter looked so_ (tire) after working for a whole day.I was_ (disappoint) with the film I saw last night. I had expected it to be better.Everybody is really _(excite) about the new Olympic stadiums.His wound became_ (infect) with a new virus.tired

10、disappointedexcitedinfected小試牛刀小試牛刀1. 過去分詞知多少驚恐的人們驚恐的人們預(yù)留的座位預(yù)留的座位被污染的水被污染的水擁擠的教室擁擠的教室打碎的花瓶打碎的花瓶關(guān)了的門關(guān)了的門疲憊的觀眾疲憊的觀眾terrified /astonished peoplereserved seatspolluted watera crowded rooma broken vasea closed doorthe tired audienceIII. III. 過去分詞作定語過去分詞作定語1. 1. 單個過去分詞作定語單個過去分詞作定語, , 通常前置通常前置a. 及物動詞的過去分詞，

11、具有被動和完成的意義。及物動詞的過去分詞，具有被動和完成的意義。a broken cupa wounded soldieran unexpected guestthe excited crowd b. 不及物動詞的過去分詞，具有主動和完成意義。不及物動詞的過去分詞，具有主動和完成意義。a grown womana retired officerC. 合成的過去分詞合成的過去分詞a much-needed reformstate-owned enterprises2. 過去分詞短語作定語：通常后置，其作用相當(dāng)于過去分詞短語作定語：通常后置，其作用相當(dāng)于定語從句。定語從句。a letter wri

12、tten in pencilthe book recommended by Jackthe machines produced last yearThis substance, discovered almost by accident, has revolutionized machine.= a letter which was written in pencil= the book which was recommended by Jack= the machines which were produced last year= This substance, which was dis

13、covered almost by accident, has revolutionized machine. A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playingA解析 過去分詞做定語：過去分詞做定語：表被動，表完成表被動，表完成。現(xiàn)在分詞作定語：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語：表主動，表進行表主動，表進行。不定式作定語：表示不定式作定語：表示將要發(fā)生將要發(fā)生的動作。的動作。The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until

14、 1912.區(qū)別區(qū)別 1 1Falling leavesFallen leavesDisappointing newsDisappointed peopleExciting storyExcited peopleTired people/ Im tiredTiring film正在飄的正在飄的落葉落葉已經(jīng)落在地上的已經(jīng)落在地上的落葉落葉令人令人失望的消息失望的消息感到感到失望的人們失望的人們激動人心的激動人心的故事故事（感到）（感到）激動的人們激動的人們累了的人累了的人/我我感到感到累了累了（使人覺得）（使人覺得）無聊的電無聊的電影影區(qū)別區(qū)別 2Falling leavesFallen lea

15、ves區(qū)別區(qū)別 2Exercises:Exercises: 1. We lived in the house _(我舅舅們修建的我舅舅們修建的). 2. Any medicine _(服用服用) without the advice of a doctor can cause trouble. 3. We spent two hours discussing the plan _ (她制定的她制定的). 4. _ (開水開水) 5. _ (一個破碎的茶杯一個破碎的茶杯) 6. three _ (受傷的士兵受傷的士兵)built by my unclestakenmade by herboile

16、d watera broken cupwounded soldiersExercises:Exercises: 1. Most of the people _(被邀請參加宴會的被邀請參加宴會的) were famous scientists. 2. Lessons _ (易學(xué)的易學(xué)的)are soon forgotten. * _ (易學(xué)的易學(xué)的) lessons are soon forgotten. 3. The computer center _(開辦開辦) last week is popular with the students .invited to the partylearn

17、ed easilyopened/startedEasily-learnedExercisesDont use words, expressions, or phrases _D_ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. knownAs we joined the big crowd, I got _ from my friends A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missedCleaning women in b

18、ig cities usually get _ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to payThe Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C. , did not include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playingACC5. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to chang

19、e it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun6. The television is a _ machine. A. newly-invented B. new-invented C. newly-invent D. newly-invention7. _ English is different from _ English in many ways. A. Spoken, written B. Speaking, written C. Spoken, writing D. Speak, writeDAA8. The lady s

20、aid she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _. A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars9. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than some store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying10. Mr Smith, _ of the

21、 _ speech, started to read a novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boringDBA11. There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followedMost of the people _ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to

22、 invite C. being invited D. had been invited13. The computer center, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. openedBAD14. This news sounds _. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage 15. - How did Bob do in the exams thi

23、s time? - well, his father seems _ with his result. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please 16. - How did the audience receive the new play? - They got very _. A. excite B. excited C. excitedly D. exciting ACB17. The _ look on Miss Whites face told us that she was _ great trouble. A. worrying;

24、 in B. worried; in C. worrying; with D. worried; with18. Though _ to stop, the _ speaker kept on talking at the meeting. A. being told; exciting B. to be told; exciting C. told; excited D. telling; excited19. The autumn wind sent the _ leaves on the ground _ here and there. A. fallen; flying B. fall

25、ing; to fly C. fallen; flown D. falling; flew BCAsenddoing 使使 成為成為20. The audience, greatly _ by his speech, all voiced support for the suggestion. A. moved B. to be moved C. moving D. being moved21. The yellow River, _ to be “the mother river”, runs across China like a huge dragon. A. saying B. to

26、say C. said D. being said22. - Who gave you this message? - A man _ himself Mr Zhang. A. called B. calling C. calls D. is calledACB23. The education system rather than the teachers _ to answer for the overburden on the students. - I agree. I hope the reform being carried out in our country at presen

27、t will bring about the _ result. A. are; desired B. is; desired C. are; desiring D. is; desiring24. - Shall we go swimming? - OK. Ill just go and get _. A. to change B. changed C. be changed D. changingBBget changed 換衣服換衣服25. The door of the shop remained _, though it was ten oclock am. A. opened B.

28、 opening C. locked D. locking26. My mother was _ to see the work _ so early. A. astonishing; finished B. astonished; finishing C. astonished; finished D. astonishing;finishing27. I advise _ early, but I dont advise you _ that, since you lack much sleep. A. getting up; to do B. to get up; doing C. to

29、 get up; to do D. getting up; doingCCA過去分詞作賓語補足語過去分詞作賓語補足語過去分詞常表示動作的完成、狀態(tài)或動作的全過去分詞常表示動作的完成、狀態(tài)或動作的全過程。過程。賓語與過去分詞在邏輯上常存在著被動關(guān)系。賓語與過去分詞在邏輯上常存在著被動關(guān)系。不及物動詞的過去分詞作賓補時沒有被動意味，不及物動詞的過去分詞作賓補時沒有被動意味，只表示動作的完成和狀態(tài)。只表示動作的完成和狀態(tài)。When I returned there, I found the bag gone.We found the village greatly changed.過去分詞（短語）作

30、賓語補足語過去分詞（短語）作賓語補足語過去分詞（短語）可以在有些動詞所帶的復(fù)合中作賓語過去分詞（短語）可以在有些動詞所帶的復(fù)合中作賓語補語語，賓語為過去分詞（短語）的邏輯主語。過去分補語語，賓語為過去分詞（短語）的邏輯主語。過去分詞（短語）作賓語補語有以下幾種情況。詞（短語）作賓語補語有以下幾種情況。1. 1. 在感觀動詞在感觀動詞feel, hear feel, hear 和和see see 之后，如：之后，如：I heard my name called.He felt himself cheated.I saw his eyes fixed on me in curiosity.2. 2

31、. 在有些可跟帶在有些可跟帶to to 的不定式作賓語補語的動詞之后，這類的不定式作賓語補語的動詞之后，這類動詞有：動詞有：cant bear, hate, like, love, need, prefer, cant bear, hate, like, love, need, prefer, want, wish want, wish 等，等， 如：如：I cant bear my steak overcooked, and want it underdone.我受不了牛排做得太熟，我想要它做得嫩。我受不了牛排做得太熟，我想要它做得嫩。He needs his coat mended.Kat

32、e would like her room painted white.I prefer eggs boiled.We wish your work finished quickly.3. 在有些可跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補語的動詞后，這類詞有：在有些可跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補語的動詞后，這類詞有：discover, find, keep, leave, show等，如：等，如：I discovered / found the place deserted.The photograph showed the dog tied to a post.Keep your mouth shut and your e

33、yes open.Did you leave the doors and windows firmly fastened?4. 在使役動詞在使役動詞get, have 和和make 后，后， 如：如：I shall make my views known to everybody.have have 和和 get get 帶過去分詞作賓語補足語含義與帶現(xiàn)在分帶過去分詞作賓語補足語含義與帶現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語時相似：詞作賓語補足語時相似：have have 和和get get 有時表示有意識有時表示有意識的行為，作的行為，作“使使”解，但動作的執(zhí)行者不一定是句子解，但動作的執(zhí)行者不一定是句子的主

34、語，如句（）；有時表示句子主語無意識的行的主語，如句（）；有時表示句子主語無意識的行為，作為，作“經(jīng)歷經(jīng)歷”或或“遭遇遭遇”解，如句（）；解，如句（）；wont wont havehave表示句子的主語不允許某種情況發(fā)生，如句表示句子的主語不允許某種情況發(fā)生，如句（）：（）：He had / got his car serviced.He had / got his car stolen.I wont have my son laughed at .他（找人）檢修了他的車。他（找人）檢修了他的車。他的汽車被人偷了。他的汽車被人偷了。我不允許我的兒子被嘲笑。我不允許我的兒子被嘲笑。現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語

35、補足語現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補時，通常表示一個正在進現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補時，通常表示一個正在進行或持續(xù)的動作，賓語與賓語補足語在邏行或持續(xù)的動作，賓語與賓語補足語在邏輯上存在著主謂關(guān)系，即賓補所表示的動輯上存在著主謂關(guān)系，即賓補所表示的動作通常中賓語發(fā)出來的。作通常中賓語發(fā)出來的?，F(xiàn)在分詞的被動式作賓補時，它仍表示一現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式作賓補時，它仍表示一個正在進行或持續(xù)的動作，但賓語與賓補個正在進行或持續(xù)的動作，但賓語與賓補存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。I saw a boy crying there.I am sorry to have kept you waiting.I

36、saw the child being beaten by his father.I often watched the ship being loaded.用所給單詞的正確形式填空用所給單詞的正確形式填空1 What he had said made me _ (surprise)2 My glasses are broken. Ill have to get them _. (repair)3 The doctor warned him _ food after the operation. (not eat)surprisedrepairednot to eat4 I dont want

37、 any bad words _ (say) about him behind his back.5 Please get the work _ (do) as soon as possible.6 Ill have the materials _ (send) to you next Monday morning.7 She wont have her long and beautiful hair _ (cut) short. said done sent cut 8 You should make your voice _ (hear).9 I want you to keep me _

38、 (inform) of how things are going with you.10 The price is fine with me. How would you like it _ (pay)?11 At last I succeeded in making myself _ (understand). heard informed paid understoodMatch the two parts to make sentences.1. They woke up, finding everything around changing.2. The gate remained

39、locking and we had to wait outside.3. Youll see many problems to be settled in this way.4. The murderer was brought in, with his hands being tied behind his back.changedsettledlocked改錯改錯tiedExercises:If you want _ immediately, you have to give us some money in advance. A. that the work be done B. th

40、e work done C. to have done the job D. the job that is done2. They are going to have the service man _ an electric fan in the office tomorrow. A. install B. to install C. to be installed D. installed3. You will see this product _ wherever you go. A. to be advertised B. advertised C. advertise D. adv

41、ertisingBABinstall sth. in sth. 安裝安裝4. I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Altantic Ocean in five years. A. sail B. sailing C. to sail D. to have sailed5. If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air _ against your face. A. moved B. moving C. moves D. to move6. Dont get your

42、 schedule _; stay with us in this class. A. to change B. changing C. changed D. change BBC非謂語動詞作賓補非謂語動詞作賓補高考題點擊：高考題點擊： 7. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. (95 N) A. not toB. not to doC. not to itD. do not toA為了避免重復(fù)，常用省略形式 to 來代替前面的動作。如：Would you like to vi

43、sit our school? Yes, Id like to.有些動詞后面需要用不定式作賓補，除 tell 外，常見的還有：adviseallowcauseconsider encourage forbid forceintendorder permitpersuade remind request requireurge warn ask wish want 等特別注意：特別注意： hope, agree, demand, suggest 等沒有賓補。8 Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. (95 N) A. learn

44、B. to learnC. learnedD. learning9 A computer does only what thinking people _. (99 上海) A. have it doB. have it done C. have done itD. having it done使役動詞使役動詞 make / have / let sb. do sth. 但改為被動語態(tài)后，但改為被動語態(tài)后，則應(yīng)為：則應(yīng)為：be made / let to do。注意其它不帶。注意其它不帶 to 的動詞不定的動詞不定式的用法。式的用法。此句中的此句中的 it 指代的是指代的是 a compute

45、r，what 在從句中作在從句中作 do 的的賓語，表示賓語，表示“人們讓計算機所做的事人們讓計算機所做的事“應(yīng)該用應(yīng)該用 people have a computer do 這一結(jié)構(gòu)。需要注意的是這一結(jié)構(gòu)。需要注意的是 have 的的幾個常用結(jié)構(gòu)：幾個常用結(jié)構(gòu)：have sb. / sth. do ; have sb. / sth.done ; have sb. / sth. doing ; have sb. / sth. to doBA過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語過去分詞（短語）作狀語可表示時間、原因、過去分詞（短語）作狀語可表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式、和伴隨情況。在過去分詞條件、讓

46、步、方式、和伴隨情況。在過去分詞（短語）前可帶有從屬連詞（短語）前可帶有從屬連詞when, until, if, unless, when, until, if, unless, though, as, as ifthough, as, as if等。等。在表示時間、原因、條件、讓步和方式時，過在表示時間、原因、條件、讓步和方式時，過去分詞（短語）通常可轉(zhuǎn)換為應(yīng)的狀語從句；去分詞（短語）通?？赊D(zhuǎn)換為應(yīng)的狀語從句；在表示伴隨情況時，通?？赊D(zhuǎn)換為一個并列的在表示伴隨情況時，通?？赊D(zhuǎn)換為一個并列的謂語成分或并列句中的一個從句。謂語成分或并列句中的一個從句。1. 作時間狀語作時間狀語Told of h

47、is mothers accident, Jack immediately phoned the hospital.Translated into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.When asked to speak, he complained about the poor service.2. 作原因狀語作原因狀語Covered with confusion, he refused to eat .Caught in the rain, he had a fever.神志迷亂

48、神志迷亂3. 作條件狀語作條件狀語Considered from this point, the question will be of great importance.Cleared, this site would be very valuable.The house will look bigger if painted white.She will gladly come to your house if invited.4. 作讓步狀語作讓步狀語Defeated, he remained a popular boxer.Though told to stop, he kept on

49、 walking.Even though given every opportunity, they would not cooperate with you.5. 作方式狀語作方式狀語I am returning your letter as requested.He was walking with a limp as if injured.The lad started out of bed, as if awakened from some dream.6. 作伴隨狀語作伴隨狀語Mary came out of the room, followed by her dog.A crowd

50、 rushed in, armed with sticks.He was gazing into the distance, fascinated by the beautiful evening glow.= and (she) was followed by her dog.使迷惑使迷惑過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別過去分詞只有一種形式，不像現(xiàn)在分詞那樣具有語過去分詞只有一種形式，不像現(xiàn)在分詞那樣具有語態(tài)和時態(tài)的變化形式。態(tài)和時態(tài)的變化形式?，F(xiàn)在分詞的一般形式表示主動和進行意義，而及物現(xiàn)在分詞的一般形式表示主動和進行意義，而及物云動詞的過去分詞表示被動和完成意義，不及物動

51、云動詞的過去分詞表示被動和完成意義，不及物動詞的過去分詞表示主動和完成意義。詞的過去分詞表示主動和完成意義。I found them watering flowers.I found the flowers watered.= I found that they were watering flowers.= I found that the flowers had been watered.falling leaves fallen leaves= leaves which were / are falling.=leaves which have / had fallen.(3) 兩者所擔(dān)

52、任的句子成分基本相同，兩者所擔(dān)任的句子成分基本相同，但過去分詞不能像現(xiàn)在分詞那樣作結(jié)果但過去分詞不能像現(xiàn)在分詞那樣作結(jié)果狀語。狀語。(4) having been done 與與done 之區(qū)別之區(qū)別Permitted, he would have succeeded in doing that. 討論討論：此句為什么不用此句為什么不用having been permitted?本句的句意是本句的句意是“如果當(dāng)時他被允許（做這件事）的話，他本會成如果當(dāng)時他被允許（做這件事）的話，他本會成功的功的” 過去分詞做狀語可以表示條件，與過去分詞做狀語可以表示條件，與if + done可以互換。可以互換

53、。而現(xiàn)在分詞中的完成被動式不可以，它只可以表示完成被動，而現(xiàn)在分詞中的完成被動式不可以，它只可以表示完成被動，而且只有非謂語與謂語是很鮮明的先后關(guān)系時才可以用而且只有非謂語與謂語是很鮮明的先后關(guān)系時才可以用, 如：如：Having been finished, his homework was sent to his teacher to be corrected. 如果非謂語與謂語是一般的先后關(guān)系的話，直接用過去分詞如果非謂語與謂語是一般的先后關(guān)系的話，直接用過去分詞即可。如：即可。如：Guided by the guide, he found the place easily.Scolde

54、d by the teacher, he felt very depressed.關(guān)于非謂語動詞作狀語時的邏輯主語關(guān)于非謂語動詞作狀語時的邏輯主語1.非謂語動詞作狀語時非謂語動詞作狀語時,其邏輯主語往往其邏輯主語往往 就是句子的主語就是句子的主語. eg:. In order to pass the English examination, _. A. My father bought me a dictionary. B. I often get up early to read English. C. The important thing is to make full use of t

55、ime. D. It is not enough to remember the new words. . _ from the top of the hill, the city looks so beautiful. A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen . He sent me an E-mail, _ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. hope D. to hope 2. 分詞的邏輯主語不是句子的主語時分詞的邏輯主語不是句子的主語時, 可以帶有自己的主語可以帶有自己的主語- 名詞名詞 /

56、代詞代詞 + 分詞分詞(獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)),有時前面還可以加介詞有時前面還可以加介詞with構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu). Eg:Weather permitting, well go out for a picnic tomorrow. The homework finished, the boy went home. With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous.3. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語其邏輯主語與句中主語不一致的常見情況現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語其邏輯主語與句中主語不一致的常見情況: .Generally / Strictly / Fran

57、kly speaking , Judging from, Considering, Allowing for(考慮到考慮到), Counting(算上算上), Supposing(假定假定), Talking / Thinking of(談到談到) 用過去分詞的情況用過去分詞的情況: Given(鑒于鑒于),Taken as a whole(總之總之).Eg: _ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. A. Give B. Giving C. Given D

58、. To give被動句中被動句中,分詞常與被動結(jié)構(gòu)動作的執(zhí)行者形成邏輯關(guān)系分詞常與被動結(jié)構(gòu)動作的執(zhí)行者形成邏輯關(guān)系. The idea can be expressed using a simple sentence.當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作結(jié)果狀語當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作結(jié)果狀語,其邏輯主語為前面整個句其邏輯主語為前面整個句子時子時.如如: European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world.It作形式主語時作形式主語時,分詞的邏輯主語通常是句子中所描述的主分詞的邏輯主語通

59、常是句子中所描述的主要對象要對象. Having suffered such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.Practise1). When _(heat) water will be changed into vapour. While _ (heat) water, we can change it into vapour. 2) _(see) from the hill, the city looks beautiful. _ (see) from the hill, you w

60、ill find the city beautiful. 3) Generally speaking, when _(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. If _(take) the drug according to the directions, you will be better soon. heatedheatingSeenSeeing takentakingFill in the blanks 1) _(frighten) by noises in the night, the girl n