1、Welcome to join the English training program!1. “Warm up” listening and speaking 2. Dialogue with the trainee (s)nalloy 合金合金nphase 相相ncomponent組元組元nstructure 組織組織nsolute 溶質(zhì)溶質(zhì)nsolvent 溶劑溶劑nsolubility 溶解度溶解度nequilibrium 相圖相圖nprimary crystals 初晶初晶npseudo-eutectic 偽共晶偽共晶ningot n.鑄錠，錠鐵，工業(yè)純鐵鑄錠，錠鐵，工業(yè)純鐵ncas

2、t steel 鑄鋼鑄鋼nmetallographic specimen 金相試樣金相試樣nalloy system 合金系合金系nbinary system 二元系二元系nternary system 三元系三元系nbinary equilibrium diagram 二元相圖二元相圖nternary equilibrium diagram 三元相圖三元相圖ncomplete solid solution 無限固溶體無限固溶體nphase transformation 相變相變nstrengthening phase 強(qiáng)化相強(qiáng)化相nphase rule 相律相律nlever rule 杠桿定

3、律杠桿定律none-phase region 單相區(qū)單相區(qū)ntwo-phase region 雙相區(qū)雙相區(qū)nequilibrium solidification 平衡結(jié)晶平衡結(jié)晶neutectic transformation 共晶轉(zhuǎn)變共晶轉(zhuǎn)變neutectic alloy 共晶合金共晶合金nhypoeutectic alloy 亞共晶合金亞共晶合金nhypereutectic alloy 過共晶合金過共晶合金ndivorced eutectic 離異共晶離異共晶nstructural constituent 組織組分組織組分ngravitational segregation 比重偏析比重偏

4、析ntechnological properties 工藝性能工藝性能nporosity n.疏松疏松nshrinkage cavity 縮孔縮孔nferrite 鐵素體鐵素體naustenite n.奧氏體奧氏體ncementite n.滲碳體滲碳體nmartensite n.馬氏體馬氏體npearlite 珠光體珠光體nledeburite 萊氏體萊氏體nalloy cementite 合金滲碳體合金滲碳體npearlite colony 珠光體團(tuán)珠光體團(tuán)nsolvus line 溶解度曲線溶解度曲線nproeutectic cementite 一次滲碳體一次滲碳體nproeutectoi

5、d cementite 二次滲碳體二次滲碳體ntertiary cementite 三次滲碳體三次滲碳體 Iron Cementite Phase Diagram鐵碳相圖鐵碳相圖neutectic cementite 共晶滲碳體共晶滲碳體neutectoid cementite 共析滲碳體共析滲碳體nspheroidized cementite 球狀滲碳體球狀滲碳體nproeutectoid ferrite 先共析鐵素體先共析鐵素體nhypoeutectoid steel 亞共析鋼亞共析鋼neutectoid steel 共析鋼共析鋼nhypereutectoid steel 過共析鋼過共析鋼

6、nhypoeutectic white cast iron 亞共晶白口鑄鐵亞共晶白口鑄鐵neutectic white cast iron 共晶白口鑄鐵共晶白口鑄鐵nhypereutectic white cast iron 過共晶白口鑄鐵過共晶白口鑄鐵 nslip 滑移滑移 ntexture織構(gòu)織構(gòu)nrolling 軋制軋制 nrecovery回復(fù)回復(fù)nrecrystallization 再結(jié)晶再結(jié)晶nfiber texture 纖維組織纖維組織 ndeformation texture 形變織構(gòu)形變織構(gòu)nrolling direction 軋制方向軋制方向ngrain growth 晶粒長

7、大晶粒長大nstress relieving annealing 去應(yīng)力退火去應(yīng)力退火nrecrystallization annealing 再結(jié)晶退火再結(jié)晶退火 Plastic Deformation of Metal金屬的塑性變形金屬的塑性變形 nhot working 熱加工熱加工ncold working 冷加工冷加工nfiber structure 熱加工流線熱加工流線nbanded structure 帶狀組織帶狀組織 Outline of steelmaking (New Nippon Steel Company, August, 2001, kitakyushu, Japan

8、) The functions of steelmaking process are melting raw material, adjusting chemical composition, making an ingot with desired shape or weight, and giving soundness to the ingot. In the past open-hearth furnace had been commonly used for steelmaking furnace to produce steel ingot for forging. At pres

9、ent electric arc furnace are principally used and partially converters are used.Recently, vacuum degassing process has been developed to prevent hydrogen defect. Besides vacuum process positively removes the other harmful gases (oxygen, nitrogen) in steel. Therefore, the effect of vacuum process is

10、not only prevention of hydrogen defect but also simplification of heat treatment process and decrease of non-metallic inclusions.Further, various secondary refining processes as ladle refining have been developed and brought about more effective vacuum desulfurization and deoxidation and remarkable

11、improvement in quality. These processes are effectively used for production of ingot for forging steel.Besides, there are special melting methods such as electro slag remelting (ESR) and vacuum arc remelting (VAR). The ingot made by these special processes is characterized with less segregation and

12、less inclusion.In conclusion, the main steelmaking process for forging ingots involves:1)raw material charging; 2)melting in electric arc furnace; 3) refining in electric arc furnace; 4)secondary refining in ladle furnace; 5)vacuum degassing; 6)ingot casting; 7)ingot solidification.Steel making is a

13、 two-step process:Pig (raw) Iron (Blast Furnace) Iron ore, coke and limestone are smelt in BF and pig iron can be obtained (also called cast iron), with carbon content 3-4.5% and small quantity of Si, Mn, S ,P.2. Steel: refine the raw (impure) ironCarbon content:0.0218%-2.11% The prime objective is

14、to control the carbon content.Pig iron is refined in electric arc furnace, converter or open-hearth furnace to remove various impurities.Carbon steel: low carbon/middle carbon/high carbonAlloy steel: low alloy/middle alloy/high alloynFe-Fe3C phase diagramL + Fe3C2.144.306.700.0220.76MNCPEOGFHCementi

15、te Fe3CSteel making processBlast FurnaceOxygen SteelmakingSecondary SteelmakingElectric Arc SteelmakingContinuous CastingIron OreCoal/CokeNatural gasOilElectricitySteel scrapCoal/CokeElectricityNatural GasSteel scrapBlast Furnace ChemistrynThe iron ore, pellets and sinter are reduced which simply me

16、ans the oxygen in the iron oxides is removed by a series of chemical reactions. These reactions occur as follows: n 1) 3 Fe2O3 + CO = CO2 + 2 Fe3O4 n Begins at 850 F n 2) Fe3O4 + CO = CO2 + 3 Fe O n Begins at 1100 F n 3) FeO + CO = CO2 + Fenor FeO + C = CO + Fe Begins at 1300 F Iron ore lumps and pe

17、llets, coke, sinter and possibly extra flux (usually limestone) are carried to the top of the blast furnace on a conveyor or in skips and then tipped, or charged, into the furnace. Hot air (about 900) is blasted into the bottom of the furnace through nozzles called tuyeres twi:js. The oxygen in the

18、air combusts with the coke to form carbon monoxide gas, and this generates a lot of heat. The carbon monoxide flows up through the blast furnace and removes oxygen from the iron ores on their way down, thereby leaving iron. The heat in the furnace melts the iron, and the resulting liquid iron (or ho

19、t metal as it is called in the industry) is tapped at regular intervals by opening a hole in the bottom of the furnace and allowing it to flow out. The fluxes combine with the impurities in the coke and ore to form a molten slag, which floats on the iron and is also removed (tapped) at regular intervals.BASIC OXYGEN STEELMAKINGELECTRIC STEELMAKINGnThe direct smelting of iron-containing materials, such as scrap is usually performed in electric arc furnaces (EAF) which play an