1、HyperMesh 8.0 basic trainingAltair Engineering Inc. Wang Jiawei 王甲畏wjwHyperMe紹s介h 介紹紹介2Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.HyperMe介s紹h 介啟紹動介 啟紹動啟Hy動perMesh On PC:開始> 程序 > Altair HyperWorks > Altair HyperMesh快速啟動 進(jìn)入 <安裝路徑>hmbinWIN32 右擊 hmopengl.exe > 創(chuàng)建快捷方式 Windows 2000,

2、 XP, etc都可創(chuàng)建快捷方式 On UNIX:在提示符下, 輸入 <安裝路徑>/scripts/hm可以設(shè)置簡稱3Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.HyperMe介s紹h起介始紹路介徑 紹起始路徑起始路徑 默認(rèn)情況下, HyperMesh在“起始路徑”下產(chǎn)生一些文件配置文件 (hm.mac, hm.set, userpage.mac, etc.)歷史命令流文件 (command.cmf)在起始路徑下打開、保存，文件等。 設(shè)定起始路徑:PC系統(tǒng), 在桌面上 右鍵點(diǎn)擊HyperMesh圖標(biāo) 性選擇屬屬性性屬位始起到置起始

3、位置位，設(shè)始定起工置作目錄就可以UNIX系統(tǒng): 在啟動 HyperMesh的位置設(shè)定 如果沒有設(shè)置起始路徑，將會找到按照路徑下4Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.HyperMe介s紹h 介紹概介述 紹概述概述單菜拉菜拉下器覽瀏狀樹覽瀏狀樹單宏欄題標(biāo)條具具工頁單菜菜宏頁單菜主菜主行令令命單菜菜主5Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.主主菜單單TCL / TK命命令行行主菜單頁頁單宏宏菜單頁頁單工工具條條標(biāo)標(biāo)題欄欄題菜宏宏菜單單菜樹狀瀏覽器器下下拉菜單單HyperMe介s紹h

4、介紹菜介單 紹菜單菜單菜單區(qū)菜單區(qū)菜單區(qū)6Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.HyperMe介s紹h 介工紹具介條 紹工具條工具條上/下旋轉(zhuǎn) 菜單區(qū)工具條工具條工具條Files 面板卡片編輯逐步放大/縮小幾何顏色視角平移全顯示線框顯示單元陰影幾何動態(tài)旋轉(zhuǎn)前一視角線框幾何Collector 可視性左/右旋轉(zhuǎn)球型剪輯顯示動態(tài)放大可視性單元顏色陰影顯示單元Collectors (Comps, Mats, Props, Loadcols)7Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.Hype

5、rMe介s紹h功介能紹菜介單 紹功能菜單功能菜單 菜單區(qū) 工具條功能菜單功能菜單功能菜單模型顯示設(shè)置單元質(zhì)量檢查 + 建立模型用戶自定義工具Optimization 宏命令Optistruct FEA 宏命令幾何和單元編輯工具8Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.HyperMe介s紹h 介紹介 紹模型瀏覽器 菜單區(qū) 工具條 功能菜單 模型瀏覽器 模型瀏覽器 模型的相關(guān)信息9Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.HyperMe介s紹h 介紹介 紹下拉式菜單 菜單區(qū) 工具條 功能菜

6、單 模型瀏覽器下拉菜單下拉菜單下拉菜單10Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.HyperM介es紹h介命紹令介行 紹命令行命令行 菜單區(qū) 工具條 功能菜單 模型瀏覽器 下拉菜單 命令行窗口11Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s. 在下拉菜單中進(jìn)入幫助包含HW 所有模塊在某一菜單下，點(diǎn)擊Help，直接進(jìn)入該菜單的幫助 三種主要用途：用戶可根據(jù)其來學(xué)習(xí)；對不熟悉的菜單，進(jìn)行索引一些關(guān)鍵卡片；學(xué)習(xí)與其它軟件的接口。解釋；12Copyright © 2006 Altair

7、Engineering, Inc.s.模型顯示Display control13Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.示顯示示To條o工lb具ar工具條條用工戶具視角顯示和操作 保存一些需要的視角 調(diào)入保存的視角 前一個視角 在圖形區(qū)，將模型顯示最大化（快捷鍵 F） 局部放大，用一任意封閉區(qū)域來放大 用+/-號來放大/縮小 動態(tài)放大/縮小，旋轉(zhuǎn) 平移 用左/右箭頭旋轉(zhuǎn) 用上/下箭頭旋轉(zhuǎn)14Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.顯示顯示顯 示鼠使用 Ctrl+左鍵轉(zhuǎn)旋轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)動態(tài)旋轉(zhuǎn)模

8、型按CTRL，同時在圖形上點(diǎn)擊一點(diǎn)，就選擇了該點(diǎn)作為旋轉(zhuǎn)中 心 Ctrl + 中鍵放縮放放中鍵若是滾輪，上下滾動時，放大/縮小模型不是滾輪，可以畫出任意封閉的區(qū)域來放大模型 Ctrl + 右鍵移平移移在圖形區(qū)平移模型15Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.顯示示化 示可可視化工具條工具化條可工視 具可條視化化可視 幾何可視化方式線框顯示線框+幾何特征線幾何陰影模型陰影+曲面邊界特征 網(wǎng)格可視化方式單元線框顯示（只顯示最外層）單元線框顯示單元陰影顯示單元陰影顯示（不顯示網(wǎng)格）單元陰影顯示（不顯示網(wǎng)格）,只顯示特征線16Copyright

9、 © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.顯示示化 示可可視化工具工條具條 具幾條何和單元顯示模式 幾何顯示模式根據(jù)分組Components根據(jù)拓?fù)潢P(guān)系2D 拓?fù)潢P(guān)系3D 拓?fù)潢P(guān)系組合顯示 ( topo / comp ) 網(wǎng)格顯示模式根據(jù)分組Components根據(jù)特性Property 根據(jù)材料Material 根據(jù)1D / 2D / 3D根據(jù)單元類型17Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.顯示示 示C顯to示rs顯示顯示工具條工具條工 C具o條llectors 模型顯示開關(guān) 哪些 collecto

10、rs在圖形區(qū)顯示 一些collectors分 FE 和 geometry對象選擇Display of a components FE entities (elements, loads,etc.) or geometry are independent of each otherCan display only elements, only geometry, both, or neitherCollector 類型18Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.顯示顯示單顯式 示單式單元格式視 圖視圖視 圖下拉菜單網(wǎng)格視圖方式透19Copy

11、right © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.工具條中的陰影和網(wǎng)格線顯示模式是 所有的collectors的，而上圖中的可以 每一個操作。FE Styles Element Visualization Modes線格網(wǎng)網(wǎng)格線線格網(wǎng)隱藏網(wǎng)格線圖視明透透明視圖圖視明示顯影陰陰影顯示示顯影陰陰影同時保留線征特特征線線征特可視化可視化隱可藏 視隱藏as查k)，找查找查(F菜i找n單d)菜單菜單 能M功as藏k 隱藏功能能功藏把選擇對象隱藏把隱藏的對象 Only entities in displayed collectors (disp panel) will

12、 be unmasked An entitys collector must be displayed for the entity to be visibleTurning a collector off then on will unmask all of its entitiesMask§ 能F功in找d 查找功能能功找Find /Unmask查找相關(guān)的對象Found entities will have their collector automatically turned onAn entitys collector must be displayed for the e

13、ntity to be visibleThe undisplayed entities in the collector are now “masked”20Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.Browser 模型瀏覽器M 以樹狀圖的方式顯示 collectors可以創(chuàng)建，刪除和重命名 collectors把collectors 組織到裝配體中通過拖放的方式 Collector幾何/單元的顯示顏色可視化模式 過濾，查找功能編輯 collectors的屬性21Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineerin

14、g, Inc.s.可視化可視化可 視Ma化c宏ro命s 宏令命令命令 顯示對單元 (1D, 2D, 3D ),連接，幾何和邊界條件進(jìn)行顯示/關(guān)閉 隱藏/不隱藏對單元，幾何，載荷等操作清除臨時節(jié)點(diǎn) 顯示相鄰單元查找目前顯示的單元的周圍連接單元22Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.ExerciseBumper“(bumper.hm)目目的目的目的:目的 了解圖形界面/導(dǎo)入文件23Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.Main- Panels單菜主菜板單面-面單板菜板面24Copy

15、right © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.Panels General Layout 面板總體布局 面板經(jīng)常會有一些子面板在面板的左側(cè)通過按鈕選擇子面板 面部操作一般是從左到右的順序示例: surface edit / trim with surf sub-panel命擇令執(zhí)執(zhí)作操25Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.作4操) 執(zhí)行操作行Execute the function3) 如何執(zhí)行命令行Give parameters that define how the function w

16、ill be executed2) 選擇操作對象Select entities that will be affected選1令) 選擇命令命擇選Pick a sub-panel for the function to be usedPanels Overview 面板組織和功能：每個面板都具有特定的功能有時會有相關(guān)的子面板包含執(zhí)行該面板的一些必須快捷 鍵快捷鍵快捷鍵(F1 F12)已定義好了快捷鍵Act in an “interrupt mode” if you are in a panel Can return to the panel you were in Selections mad

17、e in that panel are remembered Help for PanelsWhile in a panel, pressing help on the permanentaccesses the help for that panel26Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.快捷 鍵快捷鍵快捷鍵- Hidden線Li藏ne隱隱藏線線藏隱- Del除ete刪刪除（除（刪除任何對象都用此命令）- Replace 合并兩個節(jié)點(diǎn)- D離is距ta量nc測e 測量距等距離度離，離角，角距角度量度等測等度角- M藏as隱k 隱藏藏

18、隱- Elem輯en編t E元d單it 單元編輯建輯（輯創(chuàng)（創(chuàng)編建并建元，建合，單合創(chuàng)合并，并，分合分割單元等）- Align Node 節(jié)點(diǎn)共線排列- Crea點(diǎn)te節(jié)No建d創(chuàng)e 創(chuàng)建節(jié)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)節(jié)建創(chuàng)- Lin輯e E編d線it 線編輯（輯（非編非邊線邊界編輯）F1F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8F9F10 - Check Elem 單元質(zhì)量檢查F11 - Quick Edit 快速幾何編輯F12 - Automesh 自動網(wǎng)格劃分Shift+F1-F12, Ctrl+F1-F627Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.Pane

19、ls Basic C基on本tr操ol作s 基本操作基本操作 轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)Switches Allows a choice of several options by a pop-up 雙向開關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)換Toggles Allows a choice between 2 optionsNo pop-up; button labels the changes 文本輸入Text input fields Operate like text fields in most programsCan use Ctrl + C and Ctrl + V to copy and paste between fields

20、Double clicking on a text field that requires numbers accesses the calculator Uses “reverse notation” Example: 1 + 1 = 2 1 <Enter> 1 + instead of 1 + 1 =28Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.Panels Se面le板ct選io擇n 面板選擇面板選擇 對象選擇哪一種對象被選擇來操作，以及如何操作選色蘭29Copyright © 2006 Altair Engin

21、eering, Inc.s.蘭色邊框框邊色蘭代表該選項(xiàng)處于擊活狀態(tài)(there can only be 1 active selector)Clicking the entity type button when it is active accesses the “extended selection”對象類型開關(guān)Changes what type of entity is being selected框邊消取Re擇s選et取消選擇消取擇Deselects all entities for the selector對象類型按鈕Shows the type of entity currentl

22、y being selected面面板板 板快速窗口選擇 使用窗口選擇 Shift + 鼠標(biāo)左鍵=選擇右鍵=取消Left click change window shapeSh左if鍵t+左鍵左鍵Rectangle InsideRectangle Outside Polygon InsidePolygon OutsideEntities are selected whenmouse button is released30Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.面面板板擴(kuò)板擴(kuò)展的選擇方式 點(diǎn)擊選擇對象出現(xiàn)以下擴(kuò)展的選擇方式Page up/

23、down The extendedselection offersMethods for selecting many entities at onceTools for modifying an existing selectionSave an existing selection and retrieve it in any panel Multiple extended selection methods can be used on a selectionAllows you to easily select exactly what you want31Copyright 

24、9; 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.方面面板向板選擇方板方向選擇方向選擇 用來給出方向或平面Planes can be selected from a vector (normal to the vector)Directions can be selected from a plane (normal to the plane)32Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.BaseSelect a node to position a selected planeResetDeselects the N1,

25、 N2, N3 orbase nodesCurrent Direction / PlaneShows a selected axis or inputs for selecting entities to define a direction / planeDirection SwitchOptions for what direction is selected方面面板向板選擇方板方向選擇方 N向1選, N擇2, N3 N1, N2, N3 用節(jié)點(diǎn)來定義方向或平面2點(diǎn)定義矢量方向 (only N1 and N2)3點(diǎn)定義平面或平面法向 (N1, N2, and N3)，按右手法則33Copy

26、right © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.Plane defined by N1, N2, N3N3Direction isN1normal to planePositive direction is by “right hand rule”N2Vector from N1 to N2N2N1面板面板執(zhí)板面行執(zhí)板執(zhí)行執(zhí)行 執(zhí)行按鈕Green button on right hand side of the panelExecute the (sub-)panels functionality 快速執(zhí)行直接點(diǎn)鍵就可以執(zhí)行命令A(yù)lways the ac

27、tion button at the top of the listReduces mouse travel needed to perform functions Reject“Local undo” Resets the mexecutedto the state before the action wasNot available after returning out of a panel ReturnExits the panel to thethe panel was accessed from34Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering,

28、Inc.s.ExerciseBumper“(bumper.hm)50 mmSelection ®Objectives: Entity selection Translate elements (Tool ® translate) Tool count, delete, normals, numbers, distance Geom distance35Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.MOrganization模型組織關(guān)系36Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, In

29、c.s.模型組織關(guān)系 HyperMe對s象h 對象對象模型分 類模型分類：模：型分類 PointsGeomet幾ry幾何何何Points 點(diǎn)Lines 線Surfaces 面Solid 體Connectors 焊點(diǎn)SolidsLinesSurfaces 有限元模型FE MElementsNodesNo點(diǎn)de節(jié)s 節(jié)點(diǎn)點(diǎn)節(jié)Temp Nodes 臨時節(jié)點(diǎn)Elemen元ts單單元元單Temp Nodes37Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.模型組織關(guān)系 HyperMe對s象h 對象對象 FE Loading 載荷邊界條件ForcesCon

30、straintsLoads (constraints, forces, pressures,etc.) 約束，集中力，面力等Equations (mathematical link between nodes) 約束方程Pressures Contact觸s 接觸觸Group 接觸組(defines contact between entities)Contact Surfs 接觸面(defines a list of entities that can be used as master or slave in a group)ContactSurface38Copyright ©

31、 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.模型組織關(guān)系 HyperMe對s象h 對象對象 Multibod多ie剛s 多體剛體剛體Ellipsoids (defines a shape for rigid bodies)Mbplanes (defines a shape for rigid bodies)Mbjoints (defines the connection of 2 rigid bodies) S安af全et分y 安析全分析全分析Sensors (defines a trigger to start an event)Control Volumes (defi

32、nes airbags)39Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.模型組織關(guān)系 HyperMe對s象h 對象對象 Coordinate Enti系tie標(biāo)s 坐標(biāo)系系標(biāo)Systems (coordinate axes)VectorsVectors SystemsReference En對ti參tie象s 參考考對象對象考Sets (a simple list of a particular type of entity)Blocks (a list of entities contained within a box shape) 1D

33、 Element Cross Sections 1D單元截面單元截面單元截面Beam Sections (cross sectional properties for a property collector)Beam Section40Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.模型組織關(guān)系 HyperMe對s象h 對象對象 Plottin圖g 圖表表表Curves (X-Y data)Plots (a display of curves with axes) Output Req求ue要st輸s 輸出出要求求要出Loadsteps (co

34、mbinations of load collectors)Output Blocks (request output from an analysis for certain entities)Plot with a Curve LabeTitles (label for a displayed item)Tags (assigns a name to an entity)T a g s41Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.T i t l e s模型組織關(guān)系 HyperMe對s象h 對象對象 Mor格ph變in網(wǎng)g 網(wǎng)形格變形格變

35、形shape duringHandles (controls mmorphing)Domains (divides a m regions)intoHandlesSymmetrys (forces regions to bemorphed symmetrically)Shapes (mstate during morphingsaved for retrieval at a later point)SymmetrysDomains42Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.MOrganization HyperMesh Entities

36、OptimizationDesignvars Variables that are changed during optimization (ex: thickness)Optiresponses Values being measured (ex: von Mises stress)Objectives Responses toize/minimize (ex: minimize weight)Dobjrefs Objective reference response for minmax/maxmin optimization (ex:minimizeum von Mises stress

37、)Opticonstraints Limitations (ex: von Mises stress < Yield stress)Optidscreens Filters constraints to reduce computation time Dvprels Relationships between design variables and properties Desvarlinks Relationships between design variables Dequations A calculated value to be measuredOptitableentrs

38、 Table of constantsOpticontrols Parameters to control the optimization algorithms43Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s. 概Co念lle介ct紹or概念介紹概念介紹 有限元模型內(nèi)需要輸入不同類型的數(shù)據(jù) HyperMesh將數(shù)據(jù)存放在被稱為C內(nèi)o構(gòu)lle結(jié)cto的r的結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)內(nèi)構(gòu)結(jié)的 Collector具有不同的類型，不同類數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)存放在不同的型類類型的C的o型lle類ctor內(nèi)CollectorComponentComponentMatcollectorLo

39、adcollectorPropterycolloter44Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.特性數(shù)據(jù)載荷數(shù)據(jù)材料模型單元網(wǎng)格幾何圖形模型組織關(guān)系 Collec類to型rs類型類型 許多對象（不是全部）必須放入一個 “collector”中45Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.Collector TypesCan contain entity types:ComponentElements, Points, Lines, Surfaces, ConnectorsMultib

40、odyEllipsoids, Mbjoints, Mbplanes, SensorsAssemblyComponents, Multibodies, AssembliesLoad CollectorLoads, EquationsMaterialnone (materials and properties dont contain other entities but are still treated as collectors)PropertySystem CollectorSystemsVector CollectorVectorsBeam Section CollectorBeam S

41、ections模型組織模型組織模 型Co組ll織ectors Collector來管理HyperMesh模型一個對象一般來說，只屬于一種給定的 collector 類型 比如：一個單元只能屬于一個components collector中對同一類型的collector可以創(chuàng)建很多個在同一個collector中的對象具有相同的顏色和屬性在任何時候可以更改其組織關(guān)系每一個部件屬于的component一個部件可有多個components46Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.模型組?？椥徒M織 型Co組ll織ectors 新創(chuàng)建的比的對如對象

42、幾象（何比如幾何單何，比元，單如單等元幾元載單，何，荷元載荷等放等）等）到放載放當(dāng)?shù)胶傻角啊胺女?dāng)?shù)角癈當(dāng)o前l(fā)lector”中如果用戶沒有定義當(dāng)前 collector的話，將自動創(chuàng)建一個新的，并定義為當(dāng)前collectorGlobal 面板可以更改當(dāng)前 collector當(dāng)前component和load collcetor顯示在標(biāo)題欄中Organize 面板可以把不同的對象移到指定的 collector中工具條中顯示當(dāng)前component在 global 面板中設(shè)置當(dāng)前collector47Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.模型組織

43、模型組織模 相型應(yīng)組的織工具 在菜單區(qū)Collectors 創(chuàng)建新的collector設(shè)置當(dāng)前collectorGlobal Organize 把不同的對象移到指定的 collector中Rename 對存在的collcetor重新命名Reorder 在工具欄display顯示中，collector以一定的順序來排列，該命令可以更改排列順序Delete 刪除任何想要刪除的對象 模型瀏覽器創(chuàng)建和編輯collectors和裝配結(jié)構(gòu)以樹形結(jié)構(gòu)圖的方式瀏覽collector和裝配結(jié)構(gòu)48Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.模型組織模型組織概模

44、述 型概組述概織述是么 什什么是是co么lle什ctor?A collector is a database entity that collects other entities,grouping together all the data pertaining to that entity and allowing you to handle the data as a group. 為什么使用 collectors?capable of display on/off, associate with other entitiesand organization.Col型lec類to的r 的

45、類型型類的Component collector, Load collector, Property collector,Material collector, System collector, Vector collector,Multibody collector, Group collector, Plot collector, etc Component CollectorThe most important collector which contains elementand load entities.Display OFF49Copyright © 2006 Alt

46、air Engineering, Inc.s.ExerciseCollector“的目目的的: 目a) 把模型組織到不同的collectors中b) 對板殼單元指定厚度和材料屬性c) 合并部件(kollektor_uebung.hm80)50Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.Steps:a) load PAMCRASH User profile assign colors create comps-collectors move geometry into corresponding comps move elements dele

47、te unused collectorshelpful panels:card (permanent)check elements (Tool, F10)Collectors (new Toolbar)color (Shift-F1) count (Tool) find (Tool) delete (Tool, F2)disp (new Toolbar)edges (Tool)b) edit Card Imageshelp (Pull downmask (Tool, F5)organize (Shift-F11)or press h)c) Find and delete duplicate n

48、odes Find and delete duplicate elements51Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Ips:Part_2342 Elements Material Stahl Shell thickness 2comps:Part_1725 Elements Material Stahl shell thickness 1comps:Part_3288 Elements Material Stahl Shell thickness 352Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineeri

49、ng, Ips:surfaces317 surfacescomps:Lines100 lines53Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Ips:Part_3comps:Part_1comps:Part_254Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Ips:Part_1comps:Part_3comps:Part_255Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Ips:Part_1comps:Part_3comps:Part_256Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.objective / result:57Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.Preparing Geometry for Meshing理清何幾何理清何58Copyright © 2006 Altair Engineering, Inc.s.幾何幾何幾何利 用利型用建利C模A用立D