1、電子商務在鋼鐵物流中的應用論文摘要：隨著經濟全球化的發(fā)展，以及科學技術的不斷進步，鋼鐵物流對我國國民經濟的發(fā)展發(fā)揮重要作用，鋼鐵物流行業(yè)將是我國新時代經濟發(fā)展的重要產業(yè)。當前，少數(shù)企業(yè)已將當代物流的理論、技術以及方法引入企業(yè)自身的生產經營中，以增強自身的市場競爭力。然而，隨著電子商務的高速發(fā)展，對我國的鋼鐵物流行業(yè)提出更大挑戰(zhàn)。本文簡單介紹了電子商務用于鋼鐵物流的必要性，對當前鋼鐵物流行業(yè)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀進行分析，并加以探討電子商務在鋼鐵物流中的實踐。Abstract: with the development of economic globalization, and the constant

2、progress of science and technology, steel logistics in our country play an important role in the development of national economy, iron and steel logistics industry will be a new era economic development important industry in China. At present, a few enterprises have set up modern logistics theory, t

3、echnology and method is introduced into the production and operation of the enterprise itself, in order to enhance their market competitiveness. However, with the high-speed development of e-commerce, a bigger challenge for China's iron and steel logistics industry. This article simply introduce

4、d the electronic commerce used in iron and steel logistics, the necessity of the current iron and steel logistics industry development present situation carries on the analysis, and discusses the electronic commerce in the iron and steel logistics in practice.隨著我國經濟的高速發(fā)展，以汽車制造業(yè)、交通運輸業(yè)以及房地產業(yè)的高投資，進一步促進

5、了鋼材的消費，從而為鋼鐵物流行業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展，提供較多的市場資源。此外，我國鋼鐵產業(yè)的發(fā)展規(guī)模，也為鋼鐵物流行業(yè)的發(fā)展提供寬闊的平臺。雖當前我國鋼鐵物流行業(yè)的發(fā)展較多緩慢、雜亂無序，但也為鋼材的生產加工、運輸提供較好的市場空間。隨著鋼鐵行業(yè)涉及領域的逐步廣泛，以及信息技術的不斷進步，電子商務勢必成為鋼鐵物流行業(yè)發(fā)展的必然之路。網絡化的高速發(fā)展，為鋼材貿易的信息化、現(xiàn)代化提供有力的技術支撐。With the rapid development of China's economy, to automobile manufacturing, transportation and real e

6、state industry of high investment, further promoted the consumption of steel, for the rapid development of the logistics industry, steel provide more market resources. In addition, the scale of the development of steel industry in China, for the development of iron and steel logistics industry also

7、provides a broad platform. Although the current our country's iron and steel logistics industry development is more slow and chaotic, but also for the steel production and processing, transportation provides better market space. With the extensive gradually involved in the field of iron and stee

8、l industry, as well as the progress of information technology, e-commerce is bound to become the inevitable road of the iron and steel logistics industry development. With the rapid development of network, for steel trade informationization, modernization provides powerful technical support.1.電子商務用于

9、鋼鐵物流的必要性1. Used in iron and steel logistics, the necessity of electronic commerce中國是世界上鋼鐵生產及消費最大的國家，其物流運輸?shù)姆秶鷺O其廣泛，每年燃料、原料等鋼鐵的物流量高達25億噸左右。為適應市場經濟的發(fā)展需求，我國正積極構建現(xiàn)代化、工業(yè)化的鋼鐵物流生產加工及運輸?shù)姆阵w系。華南鋼鐵物流貿易中心的總經理雷有為曾說：“相對于傳統(tǒng)的交易方式，快捷是鋼鐵電子交易的最大優(yōu)勢。以往的鋼鐵貿易方式，進行一筆交易，需要花上1天的時間，而網絡交易由網上看貨、選擇貨物至成交結算，整個過程僅需30分鐘?！庇纱丝芍瑢︿摬牡馁徺I、

10、加工至運輸?shù)攘鞒?，若利用電子商務的交易方法，能有效?jié)省其的中間成本，大大縮短短途運輸、貯存、管理等經費。對此，電子商務可謂是本國鋼鐵物流行業(yè)快速發(fā)展的目標，也是當代物流理論及技術逐步深入鋼鐵領域的必然產物。China is the largest country in the iron and steel production and consumption in the world, its scope is extremely broad, logistics transportation fuel and raw materials such as iron and steel ever

11、y year the through put of 2.5 billion tons. , meeting the needs of the development of market economy, China is actively building a modern, industrialized production and processing of iron and steel logistics and transport service system. LeiYouWei south China iron and steel logistics trade center ge

12、neral manager once said: "compared with the traditional way to trade, speed is the biggest steel trading advantage. In the past mode of iron and steel trade, make a deal, need to spend 1 day time, and online transactions by the goods online, select the goods to clinch a deal the settlement, the

13、 whole process only needs 30 minutes." Therefore, purchase, processing of steel to the transportation process, if the use of electronic commerce transaction method, can effectively save the intermediate costs, shorten the short-distance transport, storage, management, etc. , electronic commerce

14、 is the target of domestic iron and steel logistics industry rapid development, modern logistics theory and technology deepens the inevitable outcome of the iron and steel sector.2.我國鋼鐵物流行業(yè)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀2. The iron and steel logistics industry development present situation in our country當前我國鋼鐵物流行業(yè)的發(fā)展還存在一定問題，

15、具體包括以下幾個方面：首先，產業(yè)成本高，物流效率低。對于我國的鋼鐵生產，其的鋼材能源大多分布于華北地帶，而其的供應商主要集中于華東及華南地區(qū)，其涉及的領域有：造船、汽車、建筑、石化以及交通等。這種供求的錯位，造成我國的鋼鐵物流行業(yè)承受極大的成本及效率壓力，進而出現(xiàn)運力不夠、原油價上漲、人力成本高、物流設施的承載超限等現(xiàn)象。從2009年起，鋼鐵物流企業(yè)的運輸成本普遍增高4%9%。此外，由于各鋼鐵物流企業(yè)在加工、運輸及倉儲等環(huán)節(jié)上未形成統(tǒng)一的流程，造成各環(huán)節(jié)間未能很好銜接及協(xié)調，最終導致鋼鐵產品的物流鏈斷開或者庫存積壓等現(xiàn)象。其次，鋼鐵物流產業(yè)的密集度低，分布不均勻。目前我國的鋼鐵物流企業(yè)較多，規(guī)

16、模不大，多數(shù)企業(yè)通過“小而全”的經營方式，從事加工、運輸及倉儲等領域，造成整個行業(yè)的布局過于狹小、分散，產業(yè)的密集度低。與此同時，各鋼材加工及配送中心，還存在發(fā)展規(guī)模小、運輸條件差、缺少金融保險等服務的問題，這些均表明了我國鋼鐵物流產業(yè)的格局不合理。最后，流通形式仍位于艱難的轉型中。當前，本國鋼鐵銷售的流通模式正逐漸轉變?yōu)楦呒?、服務功能齊全的當代物流模式，但從整體上來講，我國的鋼鐵物流行業(yè)仍處于經營分散、初步發(fā)展的階段，不僅表現(xiàn)于鋼鐵企業(yè)的直銷總額小、中間商的數(shù)量多等方面，而且還體現(xiàn)于鋼材的成材率與使用率不高、各環(huán)節(jié)的增值服務少等，這些均嚴重影響了我國鋼鐵物流行業(yè)的正常發(fā)展。根據(jù)相關數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計

17、，世界各發(fā)達國家的鋼材加工比達至60%，其中板材占75%，線材占65%，棒材占45%，而本國的鋼材加工比僅有15%至20%。由此可知，基于本國鋼材加工及配送中心的整體構建水平低，鋼材的生產加工份額不高，導致我國的鋼材使用率低，各環(huán)節(jié)的增值服務少，進而影響我國鋼鐵物流的高效發(fā)展。Current our country iron and steel logistics industry development also has certain problem, specific include the following aspects: first, industrial high cost,

18、low logistics efficiency. Steel for steel production in China, the energy mostly distributed in the north China area, and its suppliers are mainly concentrated in east China and south China region, the areas are: shipbuilding, automobile, construction, petrochemical, transportation and so on. The su

19、pply and demand dislocation, caused our country iron and steel logistics industry great cost and efficiency under pressure, and capacity is not enough, the rise in crude prices, labor costs is high, the phenomenon such as logistics facilities hosted overrun. Since 2009, the transportation cost of lo

20、gistics business enterprise of iron and steel general increased 4% 9%. In addition, because the iron and steel logistics enterprises in the processing, transportation and storage is not form a unified process, due to not very good communication and coordination between each link, finally causes the

21、steel products logistics chain disconnected or inventory backlog. Second, the iron and steel logistics industry concentration is low, uneven distribution. At present, China's iron and steel logistics enterprises is more, scale is not big, by "conveniently small" business approach, most

22、 companies engaged in processing, transportation and storage, and other fields, due to the industry as a whole is too small, scattered layout, industry concentration is low. At the same time, the steel processing and distribution center, there are development of small scale, poor transportation cond

23、itions, lack of financial services such as insurance, these all indicate that the pattern of China's iron and steel logistics industry is not reasonable. Finally, the flow form is still in a difficult transition. At present, domestic steel sales of circulation pattern is gradually transformed in

24、to high concentration, fully functional modern logistics service mode, but on the whole, China's iron and steel logistics industry is still in the business dispersed, the preliminary development phase, not only direct sales of small steel enterprises, the number of intermediaries, etc., but also

25、 the embodiment of the steel yield and utilization rate is not high, value-added services, such as less of each section of these have seriously affected the normal development of the iron and steel logistics industry in our country. According to relevant data statistics, the world each developed cou

26、ntry of steel processing ratio reaches to 60%, including plate (75%), wire (65%), rod (45%), and the country's steel processing than only 15% to 20%. "Accordingly, based on its low level of steel processing and distribution center of whole building, steel production and processing of the sh

27、are is not high, lead to low utilization rate of steel in our country, each link of value-added services, will affect the efficient development of China's iron and steel logistics.3.電子商務在鋼鐵物流中的實踐3. The electronic commerce in the iron and steel logistics in practice3.1通過電子商務以促進鋼鐵貿易的發(fā)展3.1 through

28、the electronic commerce to promote the development of iron and steel trade就當今的外部環(huán)境來看，鋼鐵物流企業(yè)要想達到電子商務的效果，特別是現(xiàn)貨交易。應先具備較強的憂患意識，使其在激烈的競爭中嘗試新型的交易模式。第二，由于鋼鐵物流企業(yè)的經營管理體制與生產企業(yè)相比，較為靈活，易于適應這種新型的交易模式。第三，鋼鐵企業(yè)的貿易群體較為分散且龐大，相互傳遞的信息途徑較多單一，急需一個有效的信息交流平臺。第四，鋼鐵物流企業(yè)的內部管理系統(tǒng)相對簡單于生產企業(yè)，易于開展電子商務的營銷活動。對此，構建一個經營獨立的電子商務平臺，大力吸取大型

29、的鋼鐵物流企業(yè)與鋼鐵用戶，進行電子商務的鋼材活動，為鋼鐵客戶提供良好的鋼鐵生產、配送等服務，是將來鋼鐵物流貿易快速發(fā)展的必經之路。In the context of today's external environment, iron and steel logistics enterprises to reach the effect of electronic commerce, especially the spot trading. Should have strong suffering consciousness, in the fierce competition in

30、trying new trading pattern. Second, due to the iron and steel logistics enterprise operation and management system and production enterprises, compared to a more flexible, easy to adapt to this new trading mode. Third, trade group is relatively fragmented and large iron and steel enterprise, mutual

31、transmission of information way is more onefold, urgently need an effective platform for the exchange of information. Fourth, iron and steel logistics enterprise's internal management system is relatively simple in production enterprise, is easy to conduct e-commerce marketing activities. To bui

32、ld a business e-commerce platform independence, to absorb a large iron and steel logistics enterprises and steel users, steel conducting e-commerce activities, for steel customers provide good iron and steel production, distribution and other services, is a steel trade logistics in the future path o

33、f rapid development.3.2利用電子商務實現(xiàn)貿易活動的透明性3.2 use e-commerce realize the transparency of trading activity針對當前鋼鐵物流電子商務的發(fā)展形勢而言，應加以整合當代物流的增值服務，唯有如此，才能實現(xiàn)能力與動態(tài)延伸的價值。我國平均每年約有十幾萬家企業(yè)參與鋼材交易活動，其的貿易總額高達幾萬億。從事這些交易的途徑主要包括以下幾種：第一，廠家直銷給鋼鐵使用客戶，而這些使用戶主要來自于規(guī)模較大的大中型鋼鐵企業(yè)，可屬于直接供應的客戶。第二，廠家向大型的分銷商銷售后，分銷商再將一部分的產品銷售給直接客戶，另一部分則

34、先銷往中小型的分銷商，再轉銷給直接使用客戶。由此可見，這種鋼鐵交易的傳統(tǒng)模式，其中一部分的產品須經分銷商加價后，才能落到直接用戶的手中，其的貿易成本過大。而鋼鐵物流的電子商務，則是經過電腦、通訊、網絡以及軟件等當代信息技術的綜合后，將能完成信息交流的功能，從而使各鋼鐵企業(yè)的貿易活動更為透明，有效地減少了產品貿易的次數(shù)。In view of the current iron and steel logistics e-commerce development situation is concerned, should be integrated modern logistics value-a

35、dded services, only then can realize dynamic extension ability and value. In China per year on average, about 10 m enterprises to participate in the activities of steel trade, the trade volume of up to trillions. Engaged in these deals and includes the following several ways: first, manufacturers se

36、lling to steel with customers, and these users mainly come from the large and medium-sized iron and steel enterprises, large scale can belong to the direct supply customers. Second, after the manufacturer sells to large distributors, distributors and then part of the products sold to customers direc

37、tly, the other part is first sold to small and medium-sized distributors, and resellers to directly to the customer. Thus, this traditional steel trading mode, the part of the product must be approved by distributor price, can be brought directly to the user's hands, its trade costs too much. An

38、d iron and steel logistics of e-commerce, it is through the computer, communication, network and software after comprehensive modern information technology, will be able to complete the information communication function, so that the steel trade of enterprise more transparent, effectively reduced th

39、e number of product trade.3.3借助電子商務實現(xiàn)網絡化、信息化的市場新格局3.3 with the help of e-commerce to realize networked, information-based new pattern of the market自成立中聯(lián)鋼后，研究及實踐具有本國特色的鋼鐵產業(yè)電子商務的方法及模式，已成為我國鋼鐵部門工作的重中之重。積極延伸鋼鐵行業(yè)的定義及發(fā)展，也就是由以往單一集中鋼鐵企業(yè)的模式，逐漸延伸至涉及鋼鐵原材料、機械設備、鋼材經銷商、鋼材客戶、配套服務企業(yè)以及物流運輸企業(yè)等新型的產業(yè)鏈，積極嘗試和鋼材物流企業(yè)及鋼材經銷商

40、的緊密聯(lián)合，并加以探索鋼材客戶的股東化。這一轉變，打破了以往單純由鋼鐵加工企業(yè)構建市場的格局，構建資源整合、團結一致共同打造我國網絡化、信息化鋼材市場的新型格局。電子商務能為我國的鋼鐵交易提供快速的范圍較大的信息服務與訂購服務，有效節(jié)省了鋼材企業(yè)訂購貨物的時間，以及減少了鋼材貨物的存貯時間，從而實現(xiàn)節(jié)省鋼材運輸成本的最終目的。Since zhonglian steel after established, research and practice of iron and steel industry with its own national characteristics method a

41、nd mode of e-commerce, has become a priority. China's iron and steel sector Actively extend the definition and development of steel industry, namely by past a single centralized mode of an iron and steel enterprise, gradually extend to involving iron and steel raw materials, mechanical equipment

42、, steel distributors, clients, supporting service enterprises and steel logistics enterprises new industrial chain, to actively try and steel logistics enterprises and dealers close steel joint, and to explore the steel customers of shareholders. This transformation, breaking the previous simple by

43、steel processing enterprise build market pattern, construct resource integration, unity, forge new pattern of networking, informationization of steel market in China. E-commerce for China's iron and steel trading provides a quick greater range of information services and subscription service, sa

44、ve steel enterprise order goods time effectively, and reduced the steel goods storage time, so as to realize the ultimate goal of saving steel transportation cost.3.4利用電子商務進行營銷交易及服務3.4 use of e-commerce marketing, trading and service對鋼鐵材料的采購、加工以及配送等流程，若通過電子商務的交易方式，能有效減少其的中間成本，也就是節(jié)省了鋼材的短途運輸、存貯以及顧客管理等

45、經費。電子商務作為本國鋼鐵物流行業(yè)高速發(fā)展的目標，是當代物流理論與技術逐漸深入鋼鐵領域的必然產物。即便我國每年上網的人數(shù)增長比率高達100，但從整體上看，我國網絡用戶的總數(shù)仍相對較低，并且當前的網絡用戶中，學生占較大部分。根據(jù)相關資料顯示，上海所有鋼鐵企業(yè)中，能真正具備上網條件的企業(yè)較少，而能在網絡上進行營銷活動的更是屈指可數(shù)，當前人們上網的目的在于查閱信息。對此，我國各鋼鐵企業(yè)要想通過電子商務的方式進行貿易銷售，必須根據(jù)我國的具體情況，因地制宜。從鋼鐵信息方面著手，首先達到電子商務雜志的效果，等時機成熟后，再逐漸在網上從事訂貨、支付以及確定配送等交易活動，最后全面開展鋼鐵物流的電子商務貿易。

46、另外，電子交易方面，必須將網上的交易與臺下的交易相結合，也就是在重視網絡交易的同時，也應兼顧現(xiàn)實的交易，努力為顧客提供多樣化、信息化的服務。最后，根據(jù)中小企業(yè)的個性特點，從簡單至完整，逐漸處理網絡營銷問題。For steel material procurement, processing and distribution process, if through the electronic commerce transaction, can effectively reduce the intermediate costs, namely save short-distance transp

47、ortation and storage of the steel and the customer management, etc. Electronic commerce as the target of domestic iron and steel logistics industry high-speed development, is the modern logistics theory and technology gradually in-depth inevitable product in the field of iron and steel. Even in China every year, the number of Internet growth rate as high as 100%, but overall, the total number of Internet users in China is still relatively low, and the current Internet users, students accounted for most. According to relevant data shows, all iron and steel enterprises