1、專題十五 狀語從句,第一部分 中考英語語法專題,什么是狀語從句,用一個句子充當狀語成分，那個句子 就是狀語從句,I get up,at six,when it is dark,I get up,at school,where I study,狀語從句 狀語從句同副詞，介詞詞組等作狀語一樣，用于修飾謂語，說明謂語動作的時間，地點，方式，手段，條件，程度，比較，原因，目的，結果等 I get up at 6:00 It is dark I get up when it is dark,1.時間狀語從句,I was watching TV at ten oclock yesterday. I was

2、 watching TV when my mother got home,時間狀語,時間狀語從句,1. 時間狀語從句的引導詞： when（當時候）, while（當時候）, before（在之前）, after（在之后）, till/ until（直到）, as soon as （一就）， as（當時,一邊,一邊）, since（從以來）, by the time （當時候）等引導,在忘記之前,我要把它寫下來。 我一到上海就會寫信給你。 我們一直到雨停了才離開,We didnt leave until the rain stopped,As soon as I arrive in Shangh

3、ai, I will write to you,Ill write it down before I forget it,2.在時間狀語從句里，當主句是一般將來時， 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。 Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York. I will tell him everything when he comes back. He wont believe it until he sees it with his own eyes,when :當時候, 通常指某一特定的時間點，主句與從句的動作同時發(fā)生,When I opened the window

4、, I saw him come up,When I have time , I will go to see you,When I came home, I met an old schoolmate of mine,He said he would tell her about it when he saw her,while:在期間，往往指一段時間,從句中一般用持續(xù)性動詞作謂語。 She fell asleep while she was reading the newspaper. while有時可以作并列連詞，表示對比，可譯成而。 I am fond of English while

5、 he likes maths. I was working while he was playing,as : 當時；一邊一邊；隨著,某事一發(fā)生，另一事立即發(fā)生 兩個動作同時發(fā)生,As the day went on, the weather got worse,As the captain passed me, I asked him whether there was any hope of saving the ship,_hehadfinishedhishomework，hetookashortrest _he walked along the lake， he sang happi

6、ly. _ she was typing the letter,the telephone rang when， as， while區(qū)別,when while as,When,As,While,時間點,延續(xù)性動詞,一邊.一邊,時間段,終止性動詞,as soon as - 一就,Jack went to school as soon as he got well,Ill ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him,since ：自從, 通常主句用現(xiàn)在完成時,I have never been there again since I gradua

7、ted from the university,It is +時間段+since從句(過去時) It has been +時間段+since從句(過去時,It is five years since we met last time. It has been ten moths since we graduated,before 在前 It will be half a year before I come back. It wont be half a year before we meet again. We sailed four days and nights before we sa

8、w the land,it will be +一段時間+ before.多久之后才,it wont be +一段時間+ before.不久就,till, until和notuntil,1.until/till引導時間狀語從句用于肯定句時，主句的動詞是延續(xù)性動詞，表示動作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到until/till所表示的時間，意為“某動作一直延續(xù)到某時間點才停止”。如： We waited until he came,2用于否定句時，主句謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞，從句為肯定，意為“某動作直到某時間才開始”,如: He wont go to bed till/until she returns,練習 :

9、1. Ill write to you _ I get there. A. while B. before C. as soon as D. by 2. He has lived in the city _ he came back from America. A. when B. before C. since D. after 3. We wont leave here _ our teacher comes back. A. until B. since C. after D. as soon as 4. I had to finish the picture _ my mother c

10、ame back. A. until B. before C. after D. while 5. John fell asleep _ he was listening to the music. A. after B. before C. while D. as soon as,中考題型,時間狀語從句,2. 地點狀語從句 地點狀語從句由 where, wherever 等引導。例如： You can take a walk wherever you like to. -Mom, what did your doctor say? - He advised me to live where

11、the air is fresher,3.條件狀語從句 由if（如果）, unless（if.not，除非）, so/as long as （只要）等引導，談論的是一個有可能發(fā)生的事實及其產(chǎn)生的相關的結果，主句用現(xiàn)在時，從句也用現(xiàn)在時；主句用過去時，從句也用過去的某種時態(tài)。 主將從現(xiàn)具體地講，主句是一般將來時(包括祈使句和含有情態(tài)動詞can, may, must等)，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時。 We wont wait for him, if he doesnt come before 12oclock. We wont wait for him, unless he comes before 12

12、oclock. So long as you keep on trying, you will surely succeed,祈使句 + and （or）+ 結果句” = 條件狀語從句 Hurry up, or youll be late. =If you dont hurry up,youll be late. Study hard and you will pass the exam. =If you study hard, you will pass the exam,Youll be late _ you dont get up early tomorrow morning.A. if

13、 B. when C. before D. until If he _ on time, we will go without himA. doesnt come B. dont comeC. didnt come If you _ him tomorrow, please ask him if he _ to work on the farm with us.A. see ; goes B. will see; goes C. will see; will go D. see; will go,中考題型,總結： 條件狀語從句考的頻率比較高，主要考查if 連詞和if引導的從句與主句的時態(tài)（主將

14、從現(xiàn),條件狀語從句,如果,是否,4.原因狀語從句 原因狀語從句通常由because, as, since, 等詞引導。 because語氣較強，用以回答why問句。 Why are you late again today? Because Ive got a bad cold. as語氣較弱，較口語化，所表示的原因較明顯。 As I didnt know the way, I asked a policeman. since語氣較弱，常表對方已知的事實，相當于漢語的“既然”。 Since you cant answer the question, you might ask someone

15、else for help,because和so不能同用在一個句子里 , 如： 我們不能說： Because it rained hard, so we stayed at home. 應該說： 或,It rained hard, so we stayed at home,Because it rained hard, we stayed at home,because of和because的區(qū)別 because of后加名詞代詞或動名詞，不加句子，而because加句子，例： Because of his illness, he didnt go to work. Because he wa

16、s ill, he didnt go to work,1. I didnt buy the dictionary yesterday _ my aunt would give me one. A. until B. because C. if D before 2. - Why did you come to school late this morning? - _ I watched the football World Cup until 12 oclock last night. A. If B. Because C. Since D. Though,中考題型,總結： 重點掌握beca

17、use 的用法 （注： because 和so 不能同時用在一個句子中,原因狀語從句,5.結果狀語從句 結果狀語從句常用so that, such that等關聯(lián)詞引導。e.g. He is so young that he cant go to work. He got so little pay that his family had to live on welfare money. Its such a good chance that we mustnt miss it,他如此小以致于他不能上班,他工資很少，他的家人不得不靠救濟金生活。(welfare money,機會這樣好，我們決

18、不能失掉,sothat 和 suchthat,suchthat“如此的以致于”表結果。該結構常見于： 1.sucha(an)形名詞that2.such形復數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞that,sothat “如此的以致于”表結果。該結構常見于： 1.so+形副that2.so+形a(an)單數(shù)名詞that3.somany/much/few/little復數(shù)名詞（不可數(shù)名詞）+that,It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again. = The film was so wonderful that all of us w

19、anted to see it again,It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it. =The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it. He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling. Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses. He has so little time that he can

20、t go to the cinema with you. 記：注：名詞前由many， much， little， few等詞修飾時，用so，不用such,sothat句型的否定形式可用簡單句 tooto或notenough to代替。如： He is so young that he cant go to school. =He is too young to go to school. =He is not old enough to go to school,6.目的狀語從句,1).引導目的狀語從句的詞組有so that， in order that等，謂語中常含有may, might,

21、can, could, will, would等情態(tài)動詞。如： He must get up early so that he can catch the first bus. (2).當從句主語與主句主語一致時，可用so as to,in order to。 如： He worked day and night in order that he could succeed. =He worked day and night in order to succeed,7. 讓步狀語從句 讓步狀語從句，表示“雖然，盡管，即使”等概念， 常用的關聯(lián)詞有：though, although, even

22、though/ if 等。 Though he was ill, he was still working. 他雖然有病，但仍然繼續(xù)工作。 Although it is difficult, we shall do it. 此事雖難，但我們還是要做。 Even though you say so, I do not believe it. 即使你這樣說，我也不信,though和although可以互換，只是although比較正式。 though/ although不可以與連詞but連用，但可以與yet，still連用。例： Though it was raining hard, but he

23、 still went out. Though it was raining hard, he still went out. It was raining hard, but he still went out,8. 比較狀語從句,比較狀語從句常用than或asas，the more the more 等引導。than表示兩者的比較，asas表示程度相同的 比較；The morethe more表示” 越越”。例： That book is more interesting than this one. 那本書比這本有趣。 He runs as fast as I （do）. 他和我跑得一樣

24、快。 The more I see him , the less I like him. 我越看他就越不喜歡,1. He doesnt work so hard _you do. 2.The more you worry, _youll succeed. 3.She did worse in the test _she expected,as,the less,than,練一練,9. 方式狀語從句 方式狀語從句由 as, as if , as though 等引導。例如: You can do it as what I just did. I couldnt moved my legs. It

25、 was as if they were stuck to the floor. He sounds as though hes got a sore throat,Lets do more exercises,）1. Well set out as soon as our monitor _. A. comeB. comes C. will comeD. has come （ ）2. Ill go with you if it _fine tomorrow. A. has beenB. is C. will be D. be （ ）3. Ill meet him at the station

26、 when he _. A. will returnB. return C. returns D. returned （ ）4. I wont go to see the film tonight, because I _ my ticket. A. lost B. have lost C. will lost D. didnt have,B,B,C,B,）5. Are you going to visit the farm tomorrow? Yes. But if it _, well stay at school. A. rainB. rained C. rainsD. will rain （ ）6. Please dont stand up in class until you _. A. were told to B. are told to C. were told D. are told （ ）7. They wont be back until the work _. A . do B. does C. is done D. will do （ ）8. Xiao Ming will come and play with me if he _busy. A. isB. wont be C. isnt D. will be,B,C