Thesubjunctivemood虛擬語(yǔ)氣,語(yǔ)氣,英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般可帶有三種不同的語(yǔ)氣：陳述語(yǔ)氣，祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。不同的語(yǔ)氣用動(dòng)詞的不同形式（有的還借助句法形式）來(lái)表示。,虛擬語(yǔ)氣,虛擬語(yǔ)氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，一是用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話(huà)人所說(shuō)的話(huà)不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測(cè)、懷疑等(在條件從句中或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中)；一是表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等(在賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句)。,虛擬語(yǔ)氣的概念,一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中,If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（動(dòng)詞be用were),主語(yǔ)+should,would,might,could動(dòng)詞原形,If+主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞,主語(yǔ)should,would,might,couldhavedone,1、If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式2、If+主語(yǔ)+wereto+動(dòng)詞原形3、If+主語(yǔ)+should+動(dòng)詞原形,主語(yǔ)should,wouldmight,could動(dòng)詞原形,eg:IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.Ifhehadhurried,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.,如果我是你，我就會(huì)努力學(xué)習(xí),如果我知道他的電話(huà)號(hào)碼，我就給他打電話(huà)了,如果明天下雨的話(huà)，我們會(huì)取消比賽,IfIwereyou,Iwouldworkharderatmylessons.,IfIhadknownhistelephonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledhim.,Ifitshouldweretorain,wewouldcalloffthematch.,Morepractice:,使用虛擬條件句要注意的幾點(diǎn)：,當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱(chēng)為：錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句“，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整,Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.,Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.,如果你聽(tīng)我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)痊愈了,如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)的話(huà)，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)是大學(xué)生了,省略句在條件句中，可省略if，把were,had,should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式,IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.,二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞從句中的運(yùn)用,（1）用于賓語(yǔ)從句,、wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中。一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為：,表現(xiàn)在過(guò)去時(shí)表過(guò)去過(guò)去完成時(shí)表將來(lái)would,might,could動(dòng)詞原形,Iwish(that)Iwereabird.Iwish(that)Ihadseenthefilmlastnight.Iwish(that)Iwouldcouldgo.,2.用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類(lèi)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句。,insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,require,request,demand,desireetc.,Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.,Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.,注意：suggest當(dāng)表示“暗示、表明“講時(shí)，insist表示”堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為“之意時(shí)，應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。,Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.,Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.,他臉上的表情表明他對(duì)我們的工作很滿(mǎn)意,那個(gè)人堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他沒(méi)有偷錢(qián),在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request等名詞后的表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)從句中要用“should動(dòng)詞原形”should可以省略,（2）用于表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句,Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.,Mysuggestionthatwe(should)haveameetinghasbeenacceptedbyothers.,Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.,A.在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that.”中，that后面的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用：should+動(dòng)詞原形我們有必要出去散散步。Itsnecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.2她這樣做是很自然的。Itsnaturalthatsheshoulddoso.3重要的是我們要照顧好病人。Itsimportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.,（3）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在在主語(yǔ)從句中,B.在Itisdemanded/suggested/ordered/required.that-clause句型中從句用(should)+動(dòng)詞原型Itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.,C.在Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat.句型中從句也常用(should)+動(dòng)詞原型Itsapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.,1.Itis(high/about)timethat從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或should動(dòng)詞原形，should不能省略,三、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他從句中,Itishightimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.,2.Ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句（要是該有多好啊)表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)用過(guò)去式;如果是過(guò)去的情況,應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài),IfonlyIknewtheanswer!IfonlyIhadseenthefilmyesterday!,3.wouldrather+從句動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或過(guò)去完成時(shí),Iwouldratheryoutoldmethetruth.IwouldratheryouhadgonetherelastSunday.,4.asif(asthough)看起來(lái)常用虛擬形式，即表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用過(guò)去式；與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反用過(guò)去完成式(haddone).,Hetreats/treatedtheboyasifhewerehisownson.,Hespeaks/spokeasifhehadknownaboutit,5.evenif(eventhough)即使,Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.,EvenifIhadbeenbusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.,四情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedonecouldhavedone本來(lái)可以-mighthavedone本來(lái)可能-should/oughttohavedone本來(lái)應(yīng)該做-shouldnt/oughtnottohavedone本不該做-你本不應(yīng)該告訴她真相。Youshouldnthavetoldherthetruth.neednthavedone本不必做-比較：didntneedtodo沒(méi)必要做也沒(méi)有做-我沒(méi)必要擦窗戶(hù)。我兄弟做了Ididntneedtocleanthewindows.Mybrotherdidit.wouldhavedone本來(lái)會(huì)去做-,我沒(méi)有足夠的錢(qián)否則我會(huì)買(mǎi)那本書(shū)的,Ididnthaveenoughmoney,otherwiseIwouldhaveboughtthatbook.,Choosethebestanswer:Itisstrangethatthelittleboy_speaktwoforeignlanguages.A.couldb.canC.shouldD.would2.Hegaveordersthattheexperiment_before5:30pm.A.befinishedB.willfinishC.mustbefinished3.He_youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A,mighthavegivenB.mightgiveC.mayhavegiven4.WithouttheleadershipoftheParty,there_noNewChina.A.wouldbeB.hasbeenC.shouldbeD.was,C,A,A,A,5.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_there.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wasD.hasgone6.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_nothingwrongand_free.A.did;setB.ha