Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorldDiscoveringUsefulStructures

1Studentswillbeabletoaccuratelyrecognizeandutilizerelativepronounsandadverbswithinattributiveclauses.2Byanalyzinggrammarindiverseexamples,studentscanenhancetheircapacitytoindependentlylearngrammarrules.LearningObjectivesTeachingFocusMasterthecorrectusageofrelativepronounsandadverbsinattributiveclauses,andunderstandthelogicalrelationshipstheyexpress.TeachingChallengesEnablestudentstoflexiblydistinguishbetweenrelativepronounsandadverbsaccordingtothesyntacticfunctionsinclauses,andapplythemaccuratelyindifferentcontexts.TeachingFocusandTeachingChallengesPart1AttributiveClause(Ⅱ)Enjoythesong！Rememberthefirstday______Isawyourface.Rememberthefirstday______yousmiledatme.There’saplacedowntown______thefreaksallcomearound.It’saholeintheworld.Oh,shemustbethereason_____godmadeagirl.Sheissoprettyallovertheworld.Lead-inwhenwhenwherewhy關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞先行詞功能when先行詞通常為表示時(shí)間的名詞，如time、day、occasion等。作時(shí)間狀語where先行詞通常為表示具體或抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞，如place、position、situation、point等。作地點(diǎn)狀語why先行詞通常為reason(s)。作原因狀語關(guān)系副詞與關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別對(duì)比維度關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞核心作用連接主從句并替代先行詞連接主從句，說明從句時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因從句成分作主語、賓語、定語（如who/whom/which/that/whose）作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因狀語（如when/where/why）常見先行詞人或物時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因類名詞判斷關(guān)鍵從句缺主賓定→用關(guān)系代詞（Thebook(which)Iread）從句主謂賓完整→用關(guān)系副詞（ThedaywhenIarrived）where的用法關(guān)系副詞where用于引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語。其先行詞可以是place、house、city、country等具體地點(diǎn)名詞，也可以是society、situation、stage、point、case等抽象地點(diǎn)概念的名詞。在很多情況下，where可與“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行同義替換。Therecomesastagewhereyouhavetofacethechallengesalone.作地點(diǎn)狀語=atwhichwhere的用法注意：先行詞為具體地點(diǎn)名詞：當(dāng)先行詞是地點(diǎn)名詞（如house、place等），若關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語，需使用that或which引導(dǎo)定語從句。當(dāng)先行詞是position、point、case、stage、situation、atmosphere等抽象地點(diǎn)概念的名詞時(shí)，若定語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，則用where引導(dǎo)從句，此時(shí)“where”相當(dāng)于“介詞+which”。Thebuildingwhich/thatstandsneartheriverisourschoollibrary.從句缺成分，作主語Weareinapositionwherewehavetomakeaquickdecision.從句不缺成分，作狀語when的用法在定語從句中，when用于表示時(shí)間，充當(dāng)從句的時(shí)間狀語。其引導(dǎo)的從句通常修飾time、day、year、moment、period等表示時(shí)間概念的先行詞，并且在多數(shù)情況下，when可與相應(yīng)的時(shí)間介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)互換使用。Therecomesatimewhenyouhavetomakeyourownchoices.作時(shí)間狀語=atwhichwhen的用法注意：當(dāng)先行詞是時(shí)間名詞時(shí)，定語從句看關(guān)系詞在句中的成分確定，如作狀語，則用when引導(dǎo)；如關(guān)系詞作主語或賓語，則用that或which引導(dǎo)。Istillrememberthedayswhenwechattedwitheachotherallnight.Istillrememberthedaysthat/whichwespenttogetheronthefarm.作狀語作賓語why的用法在定語從句中，why專門用于表達(dá)原因，在從句內(nèi)充任原因狀語。其引導(dǎo)的從句通常修飾reason、excuse等明確表示原因或理由的先行詞。絕大多數(shù)情況下，why與forwhich可以相互替換。Shecouldn'tgiveagoodexcusewhyshemissedthedeadline.作原因狀語=forwhichwhy的用法注意：若先行詞reason的關(guān)系詞在定語從句中不作狀語，而是充當(dāng)主語或賓語，則用that或which引導(dǎo)定語從句Iwon’tlistentothereasonthat/whichyouhavegivenus.作原因狀語賓語介詞的選擇1.依據(jù)先行詞與從句中動(dòng)詞的搭配來選擇ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.=ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedlastyear.2.依據(jù)先行詞與從句中名詞的搭配來選擇Iknowthereasonwhyheleft.=Iknowthereasonforwhichheleft.“l(fā)ive”常與“in”搭配，構(gòu)成“l(fā)ivein”“reason”常與“for”搭配，構(gòu)成“forthereason”介詞的選擇3.依據(jù)先行詞所表達(dá)的含義來選擇ThisisthecitywhereIwasborn.=ThisisthecityinwhichIwasborn.4.考慮句子所表達(dá)的邏輯關(guān)系來選擇Theyearwhenhegraduatedfromcollegewas2010.=Theyearinwhichhegraduatedfromcollegewas2010.“beborn”通常搭配“in”，表示“在某個(gè)城市出生”這里表示“在某一年”，用“in”符合時(shí)間上的邏輯關(guān)系介詞的選擇5.表示“所有”或“整體的一部分”時(shí)通常用both/none/some/most...+介詞“of”+which/whom翻譯成：其中兩個(gè)都，其中沒有，其中一個(gè)，其中大部分等Hehastwosons,_____________graduatedfromPekingUniversity.他有兩個(gè)兒子，他們都畢業(yè)于北京大學(xué)。

2)Tomwrotemanychildren’sbooks,half__________wereaboutcampusculture.

湯姆寫了很多兒童書籍，其中一半是關(guān)于校園文化的。bothofwhomofwhich關(guān)系代詞or關(guān)系副詞？Thisisthereason_____________Ididn'tcome.why/forwhich指時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因的先行詞在定語從句中作狀語時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞。指時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因的先行詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語時(shí)，用關(guān)系代詞。Thereason___________shegavewasnottrue.which/that判斷依據(jù)：先行詞在從句中所作成分①從句缺少主、賓、定②從句缺狀語關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞Summary關(guān)系副詞where=in/on/at等+whichwhen=in/on/at等+whichwhy=for+which修飾（先行詞）成分可省？表時(shí)間的名詞表地點(diǎn)的名詞reason（表示原因）狀語，從句不缺成分不可省略關(guān)系副詞可以用“介詞+which”替換Lookatthesesentencesandunderlinetherestrictiverelativeclauses.Whatkindofinformationdoeseachclausecommunicate?Activity11.Itwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically.2.EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywheretheChinese

writingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.3.Therearemanyreasonswhypeoplelearnaforeignlanguage.4.ThesewereanimalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.atimeforaneventalocationareasonforanactionalocationforanactionFillinthetabletocompleteeachphrasewitharestrictiverelativeclause.Thenusethephrasestomakecompletesentences.Activity2

thedaywhentheplacewheretheearthquakehappenedIwasonholiday

theday

whentheearthquakehappened.Sheworksnear

theplace

wheremyfriendlives.myfriendlives①②Fillinthetabletocompleteeachphrasewitharestrictiverelativeclause.Thenusethephrasestomakecompletesentences.Activity2

thereasonwhytheplace/timein/atwhichIdon'tknowthereason

whyIdidn'tgetapay-rise.Thisisthecupboard

inwhichIfoundGrandma'sglasses.Ididn'tgetapay-riseIfoundGrandma'sglasses③④Completethepassagewiththecorrectrelativeadverbsorpronouns.Addaprepositionwherenecessary.Activity3

WhenIstartedstudyingGerman,itwasastruggle.Thewordsfeltstrangeonmytongue,andthegrammarwouldnotstayinmyhead.ItoldmymumthatIwantedtogiveup,andthatIwouldneverliveinacountry_____________Germanwasspoken.Mymumtoldmethatstudyingalanguagewasnotjustformyfuture.Itwasexerciseforthebrain;themoreIlearntofalanguage,themoremybrainwouldgrow.where/inwhichCompletethepassagewiththecorrectrelativeadverbsorpronouns.Addaprepositionwherenecessary.Activity3

AndIrememberthatday______________suddenlyfeltlikeGermanwasnolongeraforeignlanguage.Itfeltlikemybrainhaddoubledinsize.Ihadfinallycometoaplace______________Icouldthinkinthisforeignlanguage,andIcouldseetheworldfromadiferentpointofview.IfeltasifIhadreachedthegoal__________Ihadbeenfightingfor.Icouldopenabookandseemeanings,notjustaseaofwords.Ifinallyunderstoodthereason____________mymumhadencouragedmenottogiveup.Thanks,Mum!when/onwhichwhere/atwhichwhich/thatwhy/forwhichPart2Exercise1.Doyourememberthosedays__________wespentalongtheseashoreveryhappily?2.Shespenttheeveningtalkingaboutthethingsandpersons_______

noneofushaseverheardof.3.Asyouknow,thefinalexamofthistermisaroundthecorner,for__________Iamkindofbusypreparing.4.Theaccidenthadreachedtoapoint__________boththeirparentsaretobecalledin.5.Pleasethinkupasituation____________youcanusedailyexpression.that/whichthatwhichwherewhere6.Wevisitedthehouse________thefamousscientistoncelived.7.Thephotoremindedmeofthedays________Iplayedhide-and-seekwithmybrother.8.Thereason_____Idon’tknowthethingisthatIwasnotthereatthattime.9.Wehaveenteredintoanage________dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.10.TikTok______peoplesharetheirlivesarepopularallovertheworld.11.