2022屆河南省重點(diǎn)高中高三上學(xué)期階段性調(diào)研聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題注意事項(xiàng)：1．共150分，考試時(shí)長(zhǎng)為120分鐘。2．答題前，考生先將姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)清楚，將條形碼準(zhǔn)確粘貼在條形碼區(qū)域內(nèi)。3．請(qǐng)按照題號(hào)順序在答題卡各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書(shū)寫(xiě)的答案無(wú)效。4．保持卡面清潔，不要折疊、不要弄破、弄皺，不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)（共5小題;每1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A.B.C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdrinkwillthemanhave?A.Anapplejuice.B.Atomatojuice.C.Acoldbeer.2.WhatdoesthewomanimplyaboutJack?A.Hemadeatoughdecision.B.Hegaveuptheproject.C.Helackspatience.3.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atasubwaystation.B.Atanairport.C.Inataxi.4.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Havearest.B.VisitJeff.C.Gotothemovies.5.Whydoesthewomanseemworried?A.Shefailedtogetajob.B.Shewaslateforaninterview.C.Shecouldn'tfindMr.Beringer.第二節(jié)（共15小題;每1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)自讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第6和第7兩個(gè)小題。6.Whatdoesthemansayabouthiscamping?A.Hefounditdangerous.B.Hedidn'tstaywithhisfamily.C.Hefailedtochecksocialmedia.7.Whatactivitydidthemanenjoyduringthecampingtrip?A.Hiking.B.Takingphotos.C.Swimming.聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第8和第9兩個(gè)小題。8.Howdoesthemanfeel?A.Excited.B.Anxious.C.Curious.9.Inwhataspectisthistestdifferentfromthelastone?A.ThequestionsarefromonebookB.Noparagraphsareincluded.C.Therearetoomanyquestions.聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第10至第12三個(gè)小題。10.Wherewillthespeakersmeetinthepark?A.Bythelake.B.Attheparkinglot.C.Attheentrancebytherestaurant.11.Whatisthewomangoingtodofirst?A.Bookatable.B.Washdishes.C.CallTom.12.Whenwillthespeakersmeet?A.At7:00.B.At7:10.C.At7:30.聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第13至第16四個(gè)小題。13.WhatpermanentjobwillSusando?A.Alawyer.B.Adoctor.C.Atourguide,14.WhattripisSusangoingtolead?A.AtriptoSpain.B.AtriptoIndia.C.AtriptoAfrica.15.WhatwasSusan'sjobresponsibilityintheyouthclub?A.Teachingthebeginners.B.Lookingaftertheteenagers.C.Helpingimprovecyclingskills.16.WhenwillSusanstartworkinghere?A.InMay.B.InSeptember.C.InOctober.聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答第17至第20四個(gè)小題。17.Fromwhomdidthespeakerknowabouttheproject?A.Hiscousins.B.Hisneighbors.C.Hisfriends.18.Whatisthespeaker'snationality?A.American.B.Chinese.C.Australian.19.Whatdidthespeakerrealize?A.Theimportanceofenvironmentalprotection.BThebenefitofmakinginternationalfriends.C.Thewayofhavingagoodfamilyrelationship.20.WherewilltheactivityonJanuary11thtakeplacenextyear?A.Attheseaside.B.Neartherivers.C.Aroundthewoodlands.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ANewBooksJustWaitingforYou!SavingniaAuthor:GB.JonesHardback:$34.99Paperback:$23.99E-bookat$3.99Thisbookisbasedonagirl’struestory.Separatedfromhernappyhomeandplacedwithdrug-addictedrelatives,Niasinksintoadepressionandattemptstosetherselfonfire.Theloveofanotherchildlightsupherdarknessandbringsherout!AnInsider’sHistoryoftheSwingin'MedallionsAuthor:CarrolBlessoeHardback:$29.99Paperback:$21.99E-bookat:$3.99Thisbookrecordsthestoryofeightyoungguys,theSwingin'Medallions,borninasmalltowninAmerica,whobecomeanationalsenseinthemusicworld.RoadtoFreedom-MyLifeandJourneyfroma3rdWorldCountryAuthor:EdwardA.NietoHardback:$27.99Paperback:$19.99E-bookat:$3.99ThisbookdetailsEdwardA.Nieto'slifeandjourney.Italsoincludeshisstruggleswithviolence.corruptionandthepoliticsoflivinginathirdworldcount.TheMisterAuthor:E.L.JamesHardback:$51.99Paperback:$41.99E-bookat:$3.99Thisisanewromanticstory.LifehasbeeneasyforMaximTrevelyan.Butallthatchangeswhenhemeetsanunexpected,youngwomanwho'srecentlyarrivedinEngland.Aftersomeawkwardmomentsanddramaticincidents,hefinallywinsthelady’sheart.1.WhowritesaboutNia?A.G.B.Jones. B.CarrolBlessoe.C.EdwardA.Nieto. D.E.L.James.2.Whatcanweknowaboutthebook"AnInsider'sHistoryoftheSwingin'Medallions"?A.Ittellsastoryofadventure.B.It'saromanticstory.C.Ittellsthestoryofsomeyoungmusicians.D.It'saboutEdwardA.Nieto'sstrugglinglife.3.Whichbookwithapaperbackisinthelowestprice?A.SavingNia.B.TheMister.C.AnInsider’sHistoryoftheSwingin’Medallions.D.Road【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了幾本新書(shū)的情況?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“SavingniaAuthor:G.B.Jones”可知，G.B.Jones的書(shū)寫(xiě)的是關(guān)于Nia的故事。故選A項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thisbookrecordsthestoryofeightyoungguys,theSwingin'Medallions,borninasmalltowninAmerica,whobecomeanationalsenseinthemusicworld.”這本書(shū)記錄了八個(gè)年輕人的故事。他們成為了音樂(lè)界的一個(gè)流派?？芍v述了一些年輕音樂(lè)家的故事。故選C項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。比較四本書(shū)的價(jià)格，“RoadtoFreedom-MyLifeandJourneyfroma3rdWorldCountry.”的價(jià)格為19.99美元，最低，故選D項(xiàng)。BWhenJohnwasgrowingup,otherkidsfeltsorryforhim.Hisparentsalwayshadhimweedingthegarden,carryingoutthegarbageanddeliveringnewspapers.ButwhenJohnreachedadulthood,hewasbetteroffthanhischildhoodplaymates.Hehadmorejobsatisfaction,abettermarriageandwashealthier.Mostofall,hewashappier.Farhappier.Thesearethefindingsofa40-yearstudythatfollowedthelivesof456teenageboysfromBoston.Thestudyshowedthatthosewhohadworkedasboysenjoyedhappierandmoreproductivelivesthanthosewhohadnot.＂Boyswhoworkedinthehomeorcommunitygainedcompetence(能力)andcametofeeltheywereworthwhilemembersofsociety,”saidGeorgeVaillant,thepsychologist(心理學(xué)家)whomadethediscovery.“Andbecausetheyfeltgoodaboutthemselves,othersfeltgoodaboutthem.”Vaillant’sstudyfollowedthesemalesingreatdetail.Interviewswererepeatedatages25,31and47.UnderVaillant,theresearcherscomparedthemen’smental-healthscoreswiththeirboyhood-activityscores.Pointswereawardedforpart-timejobs,housework,effortinschool,andabilitytodealwithproblems.Thelinkbetweenwhatthemenhaddoneasboysandhowtheyturnedoutasadultswassurprisinglysharp.Thosewhohaddonethemostboyhoodactivitiesweretwiceaslikelytohavewarmrelationswithawidevarietyofpeople,fivetimesaslikelytobewellpaidand16timeslesslikelytohavebeenunemployed.TheresearchersalsofoundthatIQandfamilysocialandeconomicclassmadenorealdifferenceinhowtheboysturnedout.Working—atanyage—isimportant.Childhoodactivitieshelpachilddevelopresponsibility,independence,confidenceandcompetence—theunderpinnings(基礎(chǔ))ofemotionalhealth.Theyalsohelphimunderstandthatpeoplemustcooperateandworktowardcommongoals.Themostcompetentadultsarethosewhoknowhowtodothis.Yetworkisn’teverything.AsTolstoyoncesaid,“Onecanlivemagnificentlyinthisworldifoneknowshowtoworkandhowtolove,toworkforthepersononelovesandtoloveone’swork.”4.WhatdoweknowaboutJohn?A.Heenjoyedhiscareerandmarriage. B.Hehadfewchildhoodplaymates.C.Hereceivedlittlelovefromhisfamily. D.Hewasenviedbyothersinhischildhood.5.Vaillant’steamobtainedtheirfindingsby________.A.recordingtheboys’effortinschool B.evaluatingthemen’smentalhealthC.comparingdifferentsetsofscores D.measuringthemen’sproblem-solvingability6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sharp”probablymeaninParagraph4?A.Quicktoreact. B.Havingathinedge.C.Clearanddefinite. D.Suddenandrapid.7.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Competentadultsknowmoreaboutlovethanwork.B.Emotionalhealthisessentialtoawonderfuladultlife.C.Lovebringsmorejoytopeoplethanworkdoes.D.Independenceisthekeytoone’ssuccess.【答案】4.A5.C6.C7.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講了研究表明，那些小時(shí)候工作過(guò)的人比那些沒(méi)有工作過(guò)的人生活得更快樂(lè)、更富有成效。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Hehadmorejobsatisfaction,abettermarriageandwashealthier.(他對(duì)工作更滿意，婚姻更美滿，身體更健康)”可知，約翰喜歡他的事業(yè)和婚姻，故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“UnderVaillant,theresearcherscomparedthemen’smental-healthscoreswiththeirboyhood-activityscores.Pointswereawardedforpart-timejobs,housework,effortinschool,andabilitytodealwithproblems.(在Vaillant的指導(dǎo)下，研究人員將這些人的心理健康得分與他們童年時(shí)期的活動(dòng)得分進(jìn)行了比較。通過(guò)做兼職工作、做家務(wù)、在學(xué)校的努力和處理問(wèn)題的能力來(lái)加分)”可知，Vaillant團(tuán)隊(duì)是通過(guò)對(duì)比不同時(shí)期的活動(dòng)得分來(lái)獲得發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)果。故選C。【6題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞后文“Thosewhohaddonethemostboyhoodactivitiesweretwiceaslikelytohavewarmrelationswithawidevarietyofpeople,fivetimesaslikelytobewellpaidand16timeslesslikelytohavebeenunemployed.(那些童年時(shí)參與過(guò)很多活動(dòng)的人，與各種各樣的人保持良好關(guān)系的可能性是其他人的兩倍，獲得高薪的可能性是其他人的五倍，失業(yè)的可能性是其他人的16倍)”以及上文“Thelinkbetweenwhatthemenhaddoneasboysandhowtheyturnedoutasadultswassurprisingly”可知，男人小時(shí)候所做的事情和成年后的表現(xiàn)之間的關(guān)系驚人地明顯。故畫(huà)線詞意思是“清楚明顯的”。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“AsTolstoyoncesaid,“Onecanlivemagnificentlyinthisworldifoneknowshowtoworkandhowtolove,toworkforthepersononelovesandtoloveone’swork.”(托爾斯泰曾經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)：“如果一個(gè)人知道如何工作，如何去愛(ài)，為所愛(ài)的人工作，熱愛(ài)自己的工作，他就能在這個(gè)世界上活得很精彩?！?”可推知，情感健康對(duì)一個(gè)美好的成人生活至關(guān)重要。故選B。CEveryanimalspeciescarriesuniquevirusesthathavespecificallyadaptedtoinfectingit.Overtime,someofthesehavejumpedtohumans—theseareknownas“zoonotic”viruses.Asthepopulationgrows,wemoveintowildareas,whichbringsusintomorefrequentcontactwithanimalswedon’tnormallyhavecontactwith.Thusvirusescanjumpfromanimalstohumansandtheycanspreadbetweenhumans,throughclosecontactwithbodyfluids(體液)likebloodorurine.Becauseeveryvirushasevolvedtotargetaparticularspecies,it’srareforavirustobeabletojumptoanotherspecies.Whenthisdoeshappen,it’sbychance,anditusuallyrequiresalargeamountofcontactwiththevirus.Initially,thevirusisusuallynotwell-suitedtoitsnewhostanddoesn’tspreadeasily.Overtime,however,itcanevolveinthenewhosttoproducevariantsthatarebetteradapted.Whenvirusesjumptoanewhost,aprocesscalledzoonosis,theyoftencausemoreseveredisease.Thisisbecausevirusesandtheirinitialhostshaveevolvedtogether,andthespecieshastimetobuildupresistance.Thenewhostspecies,ontheotherhand,mightnothaveevolvedtheabilitytotackle(應(yīng)對(duì))thevirus.Forexample,whenwecomeintocontactwithbatsandtheirviruses,wemaydeveloprabiesorEbolavirusdisease,whilethebatsthemselvesarelessaffected.It’slikelythatbatsaretheoriginalsourceofthreerecentlyemergedcoronaviruses:SARS-CoV(2003),MERS-CoV(2012)andSARS-CoV-2.Allofthesejumpfrombatstohumansviaanintermediateanimal;inthecaseofSARS-CoV-2,thismayhavebeenpangolins(穿山甲),butmoreresearchisneeded.8.Whyisitrareforavirustoinfectanotherspecies?A.Thenewhostcandealwiththevirus.B.Thenewspeciesbuildsupresistance.C.Everyviruscan’tadapttothenewspecies.D.Eachvirusdevelopstotargetaspecificspecies.9.Whatisthefifthparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theresistanceoftheoldspecies.B.Theabilityofthenewhostspecies.C.Theprocessoftheviralinfection.D.Thereasonforthevirusvariation.10.Whichofthefollowingvirusesaremostlikelytohostinpangolins?A.SARS-CoV. B.SARS-CoV-2.C.Notmentioned. D.MERS-CoV.11.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Humansshouldnotmoveintowildareas.B.Wildanimalsareactuallyourbestfriends.C.Aviruscanspreadfromanimalstohumans.D.Aviruscanvarytoinfectanotherspecies.【答案】8.D9.D10.B11.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章從科學(xué)認(rèn)知的角度說(shuō)明了病毒從動(dòng)物到人的傳播途徑以及病毒發(fā)生變異的情況。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段第一句“Becauseeveryvirushasevolvedtotargetaparticularspecies,it’srareforavirustobeabletojumptoanotherspecies.(因?yàn)槊恳环N病毒進(jìn)化到以特定物種為目標(biāo)，所以一種病毒能夠跳到另一種物種上是很罕見(jiàn)的)”可知，一種病毒感染另一種物種是很罕見(jiàn)的，因?yàn)槊糠N病毒都是針對(duì)特定的物種進(jìn)化的。故選D?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章第五段第一句“Whenvirusesjumptoanewhost,aprocesscalledzoonosis,theyoftencausemoreseveredisease.(當(dāng)病毒跳到一個(gè)新的宿主，這個(gè)過(guò)程被稱(chēng)為人畜共患病，它們通常會(huì)引起更嚴(yán)重的疾病)”可知，病毒寄存到新的宿主身上后，將會(huì)導(dǎo)致更加嚴(yán)重的疾??；再根據(jù)后半段的解釋可知，這是因?yàn)椴《竞退鼈兊某跏妓拗饕黄疬M(jìn)化，物種有時(shí)間積累抗藥性。另一方面，新的宿主物種可能沒(méi)有進(jìn)化出對(duì)付病毒的能力。因此此段主要說(shuō)的是病毒變異的原因。A項(xiàng)“原物種的抵抗力”、B項(xiàng)“新宿主物種的能力”以及C項(xiàng)“病毒感染的過(guò)程”均不符合本段大意。故選D。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過(guò)文章最后一段中的“Allofthesejumpfrombatstohumansviaanintermediateanimal;inthecaseofSARS-CoV-2,thismayhavebeenpangolins(穿山甲),butmoreresearchisneeded.(所有這些都是通過(guò)一種中間動(dòng)物從蝙蝠傳染給人類(lèi)的；在SARS-CoV-2的案例中，可能是穿山甲，但還需要更多的研究)”可知，穿山甲可能是病毒SARS-CoV-2傳播的中間宿主。故選B。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了病毒能夠從動(dòng)物傳播到人類(lèi)，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)“人類(lèi)不應(yīng)該到荒涼的地區(qū)”的說(shuō)法過(guò)于極端，不能因?yàn)楹ε虏《揪妥柚股鐣?huì)發(fā)展，故表述錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)“野生動(dòng)物其實(shí)是我們最好的朋友”不是本文所要傳達(dá)的信息；D項(xiàng)信息與原文不符，病毒是在新的宿主身上才逐漸變異的，而不是為了傳染其他物種才變異的。故選C。DAlthoughsocialmediaallowustobecomemoreconnectedtootherpeoplethanatanytimeinhistory,anewstudysuggeststhatmanyAmericansfeellonelierthaneverbefore,whichisweakeningthenation’smentalandphysicalhealth.ThestudyconductedbythehealthinsurerCigna,foundwidespreadloneliness,withnearlyhalfofAmericansreportingtheyfeelalone,orleftoutatleastsomeofthetime.Thenation’s75millionmillennials(ages23—37)andGenerationZadults(ages18—22)arelonelierthanoldergenerations.Besides,54%ofpeoplesurveyedsaidtheyfeelnooneknowsthemwell,andfourintenreportedthey“l(fā)ackcompanionship”,their“relationshipsaren’tmeaningful”andthey“areisolated(孤立的)fromothers”.DouglasNemecek,MD,Cigna’schiefmedicalofficerforBehavioralHealth,saidthefindingsofthestudysuggestthattheproblemhasbecomecommon,equalingtheriskscausedbytobaccoandthenation’sever-expandingwaistline.“Lonelinesshasthesameinfluenceonhealthassmoking15cigarettesaday,whileobesity(肥胖)lessthan10cigarettesaday,”hesaidinreleasingthereport.Nemecekscommentstalliedwiththoseofotherleadingpublichealthspecialists,includingformerSurgeonGeneralVivekH.Murthy,MD,whosaidlonelinessshouldbetargetedinpublichealthcampaignslikethosedesignedtofightagainstsmokingandobesity.“Duringmyyearscaringforpatients,theworstdiseaseIsawwasnotheartdiseasediabetes;itwasloneliness,”MurthysaidinarecentcoverstoryintheHarvardBusinessReview.Thenewreport,producedinCigna’spartnershipwiththepollingcompanyIpsos,isbasedonanonlinesurveyofmorethan20,000USadultsusingthewell-regardedUCLALonelinessScaletoseehowwidespreadlonelinessisinAmerica.12.WhatdoesthestudyconductedbyCignafind?A.OlderAmericansfeelmuchlonelier.B.Socialmediadopeoplemoreharmthangood.C.Peoplebecomemoreconnectedtoeachother.D.SocialmediaincreaselevelsofAmericans’loneliness.13.WhichopinionmightDouglasNemeceksupport?A.Lonelinessisnotsoharmfulassmoking.B.Lonelinessistakenseriouslybythepublic.C.Lonelinessismoredangerousthanobesity.D.Lonelinessistargetedinpublichealthcampaigns.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“talliedwith”meaninparagraph4?A.Agreedwith. B.Variedwith. C.Contradicted. D.Inspired.15.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Todiscusshealthproblems. B.Topresentfindingsofarecentstudy.C.Towarnpeopleaboutsocialmediause. D.ToshowthreatstoAmericans’health.【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究的成果：盡管社交媒體讓我們比歷史上任何時(shí)候都更容易與人建立起聯(lián)系，但是許多美國(guó)人感到比以往任何時(shí)候都孤獨(dú)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“anewstudysuggeststhatmanyAmericansfeellonelierthaneverbefore”可知，新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)社交媒體讓美國(guó)人變得更加孤獨(dú)，D選項(xiàng)“社交媒體增加了美國(guó)人的孤獨(dú)感”符合原文。故選D?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Lonelinesshasthesameinfluenceonhealthassmoking15cigarettesaday,whileobesity(肥胖)lessthan10cigarettesaday”可知，孤獨(dú)對(duì)健康的影響相當(dāng)于每天吸15支煙的影響，而肥胖對(duì)健康的影響相當(dāng)于每天吸不到10支煙的影響。由此可推知，DouglasNemecek認(rèn)為孤獨(dú)比肥胖更危險(xiǎn)。故選C?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文提到的Nemecek的言論和下文中的“thoseofotherleadingpublichealthspecialists...lonelinessshouldbetargetedinpublichealthcampaignslikethosedesignedtofightagainstsmokingandobesity”以及“theworstdiseaseIsawwasnotheartdiseaseordiabetes;itwasloneliness”可知，此處表示Nemecek的言論與其他一些健康專(zhuān)家的言論是一致的。由此可知，劃線部分的意思為“與......一致”。故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判段斷。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，尤其第一段的“anewstudysuggeststhatmanyAmericansfeellonelierthaneverbefore新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)社交媒體讓美國(guó)人變得更加孤獨(dú)”和最后一段的“Thenewreport,producedinCigna’spartnershipwiththepollingcompanyIpsos,isbasedonanonlinesurveyofmorethan20,000USadultsusingthewell-regardedUCLALonelinessScaletoseehowwidespreadlonelinessisinAmerica.這份新報(bào)告是信諾集團(tuán)與益普索民意調(diào)查公司合作完成的，它基于一項(xiàng)對(duì)兩萬(wàn)多名美國(guó)成年進(jìn)行的在線調(diào)查，該調(diào)查采用了廣受歡迎的加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校孤獨(dú)感量表”可知，文章首尾兩段呼應(yīng)。由此推知本文的目的是介紹一項(xiàng)新研究的結(jié)果：盡管社交媒體使得人們更易與他人產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系，但許多美國(guó)人卻感到比以往任何時(shí)候都要孤獨(dú)。故選B。【點(diǎn)睛】第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Ifyou’veknownthatthecauseoffatnessintheUnitedStatesisfat,you’renotalone.___16___.Researchersfoundthatsugaristherealcauseandisthedrivingforcebehinddiabetesandfatness.Herearefourwaystocutdownonsugar.StopdrinkingsodaThisoneisano-brainer.Sweeteneddrinksaccountorabout47percentofaddedsugarintheAmericandiet,andtheyareessentiallynutrient-freecaloriedeliveryvehicles.___17___,morethanyourentiredailylimit.Ifyoudrinksodaforthecaffeine,switchtoteaorcoffee.Watchyourbreakfast___18___.Flavoredyogurts,forexample,areloadedwithsugar,andfruitjuicesareaneasywaytodrinktonsofsugarwithoutrealizing.Foryourmorningmeal,trytoeatmoregrain-basedfoodswithloworlittlesugarlikeCheerios,plainoatmeal,breadandhomemadegranola(格蘭諾拉麥片).CheckthesaucesAswithbreakfastfoodsfoodproducerssneakmoresugarintosaucesandingredientsthanyou’dguess-forexample,twoofthefourbiggestingredientsinHeinzKetchuparesweeteners.___19___,andwatchoutforsugarbyanothername,likehighfructose(果糖).TrytoresetthedietIfyoutrytostoptakinginsugarforamonth,youwillfindthattheamountofsugaryou’veunknowinglyeatenistrulyshocking.___20___.Thenexttimeyou’remakingabigshoppingtripatthegrocerystore,stoptoreadtheingredientlabelofeverysinglethingyoubuy.Watchoutforkeywordsthatareusedtocoverupsugarandwatchhowmuchsugaryou’vebeeneatingwithoutevenrealizingit.A.Youare,however,wrongB.EatyourfruitinitswholeformC.Sugarishardtoavoid,butitcanbedoneD.Ifafullmonthsoundsdifficult,trythisE.A16-ouncebottleofCokecontains52gramsofsugarF.ReadthelabelsonsaucesandseehowhighsugarislistedG.Sugarissecretlyputintomanybreakfastfoodsthataremarketedas“healthy”or“natural”【答案】16.A17.E18.G19.F20.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。最近一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，糖才是糖尿病和肥胖癥的真正元兇，并介紹了幾種減少糖的攝入量的方法?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上一句“Ifyou’veknownthatthecauseoffatnessintheUnitedStatesisfat,you’renotalone.”以及下一句“Researchersfoundthatsugaristherealcauseandisthedrivingforcebehinddiabetesandfatness.”可知，上一句談到如果你認(rèn)為在美國(guó)肥胖的原因是脂肪，下一句談到科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，糖才是真正導(dǎo)致糖尿病和肥胖的真正原因，因此，你所認(rèn)為的肥胖原因是脂肪的觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)的，所以A項(xiàng)“Youare,however,wrong(然而，你錯(cuò)了)”切題，選項(xiàng)中的“wrong”與一句中的“realcause”相呼應(yīng)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Sweeteneddrinksaccountorabout47percentofaddedsugarintheAmericandiet”可知，在美國(guó)人的日常飲食中，加糖飲料占總糖的47%，結(jié)合下文“morethanyourentiredailylimit(超過(guò)了一整天的極限)”可知，E選項(xiàng)“A16-ouncebottleofCokecontains52gramsofsugar”切題，即一瓶16盎司的可樂(lè)含有52克糖，已經(jīng)超過(guò)了每天飲料中攝糖量的極限，選項(xiàng)中的“52gramsofsugar”與上文中的“47percent”以及下文中的“morethan”相呼應(yīng)。故選E項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Watchyourbreakfast”以及下文“Flavoredyogurts,forexample,areloadedwithsugar,andfruitjuicesareaneasywaytodrinktonsofsugarwithoutrealizing”可知，本段小標(biāo)題是“注意你的早餐”，人們不知道酸奶和果汁含有的大量的糖，所以在不知不覺(jué)喝下去了。因此，G選項(xiàng)“Sugarissecretlyputintomanybreakfastfoodsthataremarketedas“healthy”or“natural”(糖被秘密地放進(jìn)了許多以“健康”或“天然”銷(xiāo)售的早餐食品中)”切題，選項(xiàng)中的“secretly”與下文中的“withoutrealizing”相呼應(yīng)。故選G項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】結(jié)合本段小標(biāo)題“Checkthesauces(檢查一下醬汁)”及上文“foodproducerssneakmoresugarintosaucesandingredientsthanyou’dguess-forexample,twoofthefourbiggestingredientsinHeinzKetchuparesweeteners.(食品生產(chǎn)商在醬汁和配料中加入的糖比你想象的要多，例如，亨氏番茄醬的四大配料中有兩種是甜味劑)可知，本段談到要注意糖在醬汁中的比例很高，要看一看醬汁上的標(biāo)簽列表上的糖有多高。因此F選項(xiàng)“Readthelabelsonsaucesandseehowhighsugarislisted(看一下醬汁上的標(biāo)簽，看看糖有多高)”切題，選項(xiàng)中的“highsugar”與上文中的“moresugar”相呼應(yīng)，故選F項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上一句“Ifyoutrytostoptakinginsugarforamonth,youwillfindthattheamountofsugaryou’veunknowinglyeatenistrulyshocking.”以及下一句“Thenexttimeyou’remakingabigshoppingtripatthegrocerystore,stoptoreadtheingredientlabelofeverysinglethingyoubuy.”可知，如果你試著在一個(gè)月內(nèi)停止吃糖，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你不知不覺(jué)中還是吃了大量糖，真是令人震驚，接著，作者又告訴讀者一個(gè)減少糖分?jǐn)z入的方法，就是去雜貨店購(gòu)物時(shí)，看看你買(mǎi)的每一件東西的成分標(biāo)簽，因此，空格處應(yīng)是一個(gè)承上啟下的句子，說(shuō)明一個(gè)月內(nèi)停止吃糖的方式很困難，因?yàn)橐廊粫?huì)攝入過(guò)多的糖，那么試試一種更好的方法。因此，D選項(xiàng)“Ifafullmonthsoundsdifficult,trythis(如果一個(gè)月聽(tīng)起來(lái)很困難，試試這個(gè))”切題，選項(xiàng)中的“amonth”與上文中的“amonth”相呼應(yīng)。故選D項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用第一節(jié)完型填空(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分)WhenIfirstmovedtotheSouth,IrealizedthatIwassteppingintoacompletelydifferentworld.NewOrleans,Louisiana,was____21____anyotherplaceIhadeverbeento.WhatsurprisedmemorethananythingelsewasNewOrleanspeople’sconstant“Whatcan1getforyou,honey?”awaitressaskedmeonmyfirstdayinLouisiana.Iwas____23____.Thiswomandidn’tknowme____24____shetreatedmelikefamily.ShesmileddownatmeasIpointedtoanitemonthe____25____.“Isthepastagood?”Iaskedher.“Baby,it’snotmyfavorite,”she____26____withasmile.I____27____my“family”inshock.Shehadgivenmeherhonest____28____,asifwewerebestfriends.AfterafewyearsinNewOrleans,Igot____29____tothehoneysandthebabys.IalsorealizedhowcomfortingitistobetreatedlikeI_____30_____,whereverIgo.IrecentlywenttotheDMV(車(chē)管局)toupdatemydriver’slicense.AsIwassittinginthe_____31_____roomwithatleasttwentyotherpeople,awomanwalkedin.“Goodmorning!”she_____32_____totheroom.“Goodmorning,”thewholeroomsaidbackwithout_____33_____.Soontheroomwasquietagainandeveryonewascomfortablewitheachother.Thewomantookher_____34_____,andwaitedwitheveryoneelseforhernumbertobe_____35_____.EvenaftereightyearsoflivinginLouisiana,itstillmakesme_____36_____toknowthatIamnotalonehere.Someoneisalways_____37_____tosayhelloorlendahandwhenneeded.Itisthekindof_____38_____thatIhaveneverbeenabletofindanywhereelse.SoIbelieveintreatingpeopleyoudon’tknowlikefamily,makingpeoplefeel_____39_____.Nooneshouldfeellonelyevenwhentheywalkintoaroomfullof_____40_____.21.A.beside B.beyond C.unlike D.opposite22.A.sympathy B.friendliness C.generosity D.patience23.A.concerned B.relieved C.disappointed D.astonished24.A.yet B.and C.or D.so25.A.way B.menu C.table D.surface26.A.recommended B.admitted C.defended D.apologized27.A.talkedabout B.paidfor C.lookedat D.commentedon28.A.advice B.belief C.opinion D.assistance29.A.addicted B.exposed C.committed D.used30.A.belong B.appear C.improve D.behave31.A.scary B.noisy C.empty D.silent32.A.announced B.pointed C.explained D.whispered33.A.inspection B.purpose C.hesitation D.enthusiasm34.A.seat B.recipe C.order D.type35.A.adjusted B.called C.dialed D.answered36.A.stare B.shout C.swear D.smile37.A.inspired B.willing C.touched D.grateful38.A.warmth B.effort C.optimism D.trust39.A.energetic B.comfortable C.satisfied D.active40.A.volunteers B.neighbors C.friends D.strangers【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.A25.B26.B27.C28.C29.D30.A31.D32.A33.C34.A35.B36.D37.B38.A39.B40.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者初到新奧爾良時(shí)，被當(dāng)?shù)厝说挠押酶腥?，置身于陌生人中，如同在家中一樣，倍感溫暖。?1題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：路易斯安那州的新奧爾良市與我去過(guò)的其他任何地方都不同。A.beside在……旁邊；B.beyond超越；C.unlike不像D.opposite在……對(duì)面。文章第一句IrealizedthatIwassteppingintoacompletelydifferentworld.就點(diǎn)明了作者進(jìn)入了一個(gè)完全不同的世界（新奧爾良市），可知新奧爾良市與其他地方不同。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最令我感到驚訝的是新奧爾良人保持不變的友好。A.sympathy同情；B.friendliness友好；C.generosity慷慨；D.patience耐心。根據(jù)Thiswomandidn’tknowme____4____shetreatedmelikefamily.(這位女士不認(rèn)識(shí)我卻對(duì)我如家人一般)可知，新奧爾良人非常友好。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我感到驚訝。A.concerned擔(dān)心的；B.relieved寬慰的；C.disappointed失望的；D.astonished驚訝的。根據(jù)下句Thiswomandidn’tknowme____4____shetreatedmelikefamily.(這位女士不認(rèn)識(shí)我卻對(duì)我如家人一般)可推知，一個(gè)陌生人對(duì)待我如家人一樣，作者應(yīng)該是感到很驚訝。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：這位女士不認(rèn)識(shí)我，但是她像對(duì)待家人一樣對(duì)待我。A.yet然而；B.and和；C.or或者；D.so如此。根據(jù)句意可知此處didn’tknowme與treatedmelikefamily構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我指著菜單上的菜品的時(shí)候，她對(duì)著我微笑。A.way路，方式；B.menu菜單；C.table桌子；D.surface表面。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，作者在飯店應(yīng)該是看著菜單點(diǎn)菜。故選B?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她面帶微笑地承認(rèn)道：寶貝，那不是我最?lèi)?ài)。A.recommended推薦；B.admitted承認(rèn)；C.defended保衛(wèi)，防御；D.apologized道歉。根“Baby,it’snotmyfavorite,(寶貝，它可不是我的最?lèi)?ài))可知，這個(gè)服務(wù)員在表達(dá)自己的喜好，因此應(yīng)該用admit“承認(rèn)”。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)與語(yǔ)境不符。故選B。【27題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：我震驚地看著我的“家人”。她給了最誠(chéng)實(shí)的看法，好像我們是朋友一樣。A.talkedabout談?wù)摚籅.paidfor付錢(qián)；C.lookedat看著；D.commentedon對(duì)……評(píng)論。對(duì)于這位服務(wù)員的回答，作者的反應(yīng)是震驚地看著她。此處作者并沒(méi)有評(píng)論（commentedon）或和別人談?wù)摚╰alkedabout）這個(gè)服務(wù)員，為我的家人付錢(qián)（payformy“family”）更不合邏輯。故選C。【28題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她給了最誠(chéng)實(shí)的看法，好像我們是朋友一樣。A.advice建議；B.belief信念；C.opinion觀點(diǎn)；D.assistance幫助。根據(jù)“Baby,it’snotmyfavorite,”可知，此處指的是這位女服務(wù)員的觀點(diǎn)。故選C。【29題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在新奧爾良生活了多年之后，我漸漸習(xí)慣了親愛(ài)的和寶貝。A.(get)addicted(to)對(duì)……上癮的；B.(get)exposed(to)暴露于……；C.(get)committed(to)致力于；D.(get)used(to)習(xí)慣于。根據(jù)后句IalsorealizedhowcomfortingitistobetreatedlikeI____10____,whereverIgo.(我也意識(shí)到無(wú)論我走到哪里，被對(duì)待的時(shí)候能有一種歸屬感是令人欣慰的)可知，作者已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了親愛(ài)的和寶貝。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我也意識(shí)到無(wú)論我走到哪里，被對(duì)待的時(shí)候能有一種歸屬感是令人欣慰的。A.belong屬于；B.appear出現(xiàn)；C.improve提升；D.behave行為，舉止。新奧爾良人的友好使作者有了一種歸屬感。故選A?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我坐在一個(gè)至少還有二十個(gè)人的寂靜的房間里的時(shí)候，一位女士走進(jìn)房間。A.scary嚇人的；B.noisy嘈雜的；C.empty空的；D.silent寂靜的。根據(jù)后句Soontheroomwasquietagain(很快房間又安靜下來(lái))可知，之前這個(gè)房間很安靜。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她對(duì)房間里的所有人招呼道：早上好。A.announced宣布；B.pointed指向；C.explained解釋?zhuān)籇.whispered小聲說(shuō)。這個(gè)女士走進(jìn)房間應(yīng)該是很正規(guī)地給所有人打招呼，因此用announce，凸顯很正式。故選A。【33題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：房間里的所有人毫不猶豫地回應(yīng)：早上好。A.inspection檢查；B.purpose目的；C.hesitation猶豫；D.enthusiasm熱情。根據(jù)上文的敘述，以及IalsorealizedhowcomfortingitistobetreatedlikeI____10____,whereverIgo.可知，在新奧爾良，人們都很友好，因此房間里的其他人都立刻打招呼回應(yīng)，withouthesitation“立刻，毫不遲疑”。在故選C?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那位女士找座位坐了下來(lái)，然后和其他人一起等待被叫號(hào)。A.seat座位；B.recipe食譜，秘方；C.order點(diǎn)菜；D.type類(lèi)型。根據(jù)后半句waitedwitheveryoneelseforhernumbertobe____15____.可知這個(gè)女士應(yīng)該是坐下來(lái)等著叫號(hào)。takeone’sseat“就坐”。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：那位女士找座位坐了下來(lái)，然后和其他人一起等待被叫號(hào)。A.adjusted調(diào)整；B.called打電話，叫；C.dialed撥打；D.answered回答。結(jié)合上文可知，房間里已經(jīng)有人在排隊(duì)等待，因此這個(gè)女士應(yīng)該和其他人一起等待被叫號(hào)。故選B。【36題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：即使在路易斯安那州住了八年，想到我并不孤單，我依然禁不住微笑。A.stare盯著；B.shout大喊；C.swear發(fā)誓；D.smile微笑。結(jié)合上句IalsorealizedhowcomfortingitistobetreatedlikeI____10____,whereverIgo.可知，新奧爾良人的友好讓作者很舒適，因此作者應(yīng)該是滿意地微笑。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析