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專(zhuān)題20閱讀理解知推理判斷
《考點(diǎn)?題型?技巧》
號(hào)考向分析
推理判斷題主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)文章的字面意思,通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系,研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示,推敲
作者的態(tài)度,理解文章的寓意等。推理判斷題屬于主觀性較強(qiáng)的高層次閱讀理解題。做這類(lèi)
題時(shí),考生應(yīng)在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上,從文章本身所提供的信息出發(fā),運(yùn)用邏輯思維,同時(shí)借
助一定的常識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推理、判斷
即考點(diǎn)導(dǎo)航
考點(diǎn)01細(xì)節(jié)推斷題
要求考生根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇關(guān)系,推斷具體細(xì)節(jié),如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系、人物身份、事件、
具體信息等??忌獜奈恼卤旧硭峁┑男畔⒊霭l(fā),抓住關(guān)鍵的信息詞,運(yùn)用邏輯思維,并
借助一定的常識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推理、判斷。
考點(diǎn)02因果推斷題
要求考生根據(jù)已知結(jié)果推測(cè)導(dǎo)致結(jié)果的可能原因或根據(jù)已有的原因推斷可能的結(jié)果???/p>
生要準(zhǔn)確掌握文章的內(nèi)涵,理解文章的真正含義。最關(guān)鍵的是要找準(zhǔn)事物間存在的因果關(guān)系
信息,根據(jù)已有信息,進(jìn)行分析判斷推理,從而推出最常合邏輯的原因或判斷出最可能導(dǎo)致
的結(jié)果。
考點(diǎn)03人物性格、心情處境、態(tài)度及觀點(diǎn)等推斷題
高考閱讀測(cè)試中有些題目考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章作者的主導(dǎo)思想、被描寫(xiě)人物語(yǔ)氣、言談話語(yǔ)
中流露的情緒、性格傾向和作用或文中人物的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等方面的理解。做這一類(lèi)題時(shí)一定
注意:
(1)由表及里地準(zhǔn)確把握字里行間的意思,切勿用自己的主觀想法或觀點(diǎn)代替作者的
思想觀點(diǎn)。
(2)特別注意那些描寫(xiě)環(huán)境氣氛的語(yǔ)言,以及表達(dá)感情,態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。要特別注
意作者在義章中的措辭,尤其是感情色彩的形容詞。
(3)能結(jié)合自己平時(shí)積累的有關(guān)英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的文化傳統(tǒng)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等背景知識(shí)來(lái)識(shí)別評(píng)價(jià)。
考點(diǎn)04篇章結(jié)構(gòu)推斷題
根據(jù)不同文章的內(nèi)容和寫(xiě)作目的,作者會(huì)采取記敘、描寫(xiě)、議論、說(shuō)明或應(yīng)用文體。作
者也會(huì)采用敘述、例證、比較對(duì)照等不同的組織結(jié)構(gòu)。不同文體的閱讀難度、要求和任務(wù)不
同,閱讀方法也應(yīng)不同。增強(qiáng)對(duì)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解能力有助于提高閱讀質(zhì)量。
考點(diǎn)05文章結(jié)論推斷題
由具體到一般,對(duì)已知的事實(shí)進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)性推斷稱(chēng)為結(jié)論。
考點(diǎn)06寫(xiě)作目的推斷題
這類(lèi)題的題干中常有purpose,或者后面接有R的的動(dòng)詞不定式,如:intendto,meantto,
inorderto等。我們可以根據(jù)文章的主旨和體裁來(lái)判斷作者的目的和態(tài)度。
與寫(xiě)作目的對(duì)應(yīng)的文章加下:
(1)toentertainreaders(使讀者愉悅、發(fā)笑):常見(jiàn)于個(gè)人經(jīng)歷或故事類(lèi)的文章。
(2)topersuadereaders(說(shuō)服讀者接受某種觀點(diǎn)):常見(jiàn)于廣告或議論文。
toinformreaders(告知讀者某些信息):多見(jiàn)于新聞報(bào)道類(lèi)、科普類(lèi)、文化類(lèi)或社會(huì)
類(lèi)的文章,以及勸告性或建議性文章。
(3)開(kāi)頭提出問(wèn)題——讓讀者關(guān)注主題。
簡(jiǎn)介相關(guān)事物——為了引出主題。
列舉具體事例一說(shuō)明文段的主題
對(duì)付這類(lèi)題時(shí)我們不僅要弄懂文章字面的意思,更重要的是要知道文章潛在的含義,和作者
所給的提示。同時(shí)要對(duì)文章的含義和作者的暗示作合理的猜測(cè)和推論。關(guān)鍵是:意思要靠推
斷得出,而不是原文照搬.這就要把握住文章的主題思想和每段的內(nèi)容;明確作者的觀點(diǎn)及
其寫(xiě)作該文的目的;分析文章里所給的有關(guān)信息;注意詞匯在詞典的定義和詞典以外的含義;
最后運(yùn)用自己的知識(shí)進(jìn)行由表及里的邏輯推理,挖出文章的伏筆,得出正確的推論。
這種問(wèn)題的提問(wèn)方式通常有:
1.Fromparagraph4wecaninferthat./Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?/Fromthe
lastparagraphwccaninferthat.
2.Wccaninferfromthetextthat.../Whatcanwclearnfrom...?/Wecanconcludefromthe
passagethat...
3.Thelastsentenceof(hefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthat.
4.Theauthorimpliesthatbytheyear2080,.
5.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould.
6.Theauthormentionsthefactthat...toshow.
7.Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin?
8.Theauthor'sattitudetoward...is?
9.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas?
這些提問(wèn)方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到,必須根據(jù)提問(wèn)中的某些關(guān)鍵字眼與
短文中相應(yīng)的有關(guān)內(nèi)容加以邏輯推理或演算,從而得出某些作者并未說(shuō)明卻已在字里行間所
暗含的意思及觀點(diǎn)。具體的說(shuō),考生應(yīng)當(dāng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):
1.首先要注意一定要忠實(shí)于原文,以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)。立足已知,推斷
未知,遵循“詞不離句,句不離段,段不離篇”的原則。千萬(wàn)不能土觀臆想,憑空想象,隨
意揣測(cè),更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。
2.要吃透文章的字面意思,從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索,這是推理的前提和基
礎(chǔ)。有的推斷,考生完全可以根據(jù)文章中所闡述的細(xì)節(jié),再結(jié)合自己所掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)、有
關(guān)背景知識(shí)或常識(shí)來(lái)幫助進(jìn)行分析、推敲,從而得出符合文章原意的結(jié)論.
3.要對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行挖掘加工,由表及里,由淺入深,從具體到抽象,從特殊
到一般,通過(guò)分析、綜合、判斷等,進(jìn)行深層處理,合乎邏輯地推理。不能就事論事,斷章
取義,以偏概全。
4.要把握句、段之叵的邏輯關(guān)系,了解語(yǔ)篇的結(jié)構(gòu),同時(shí)還要體會(huì)文章的基調(diào),揣摩
作者的態(tài)度,摸準(zhǔn)邏輯發(fā)展方向,悟出作者的言外之意。
5.在解答推理性問(wèn)題時(shí),一定要注意確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍。應(yīng)清楚所要解答的問(wèn)
題需要針對(duì)某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推斷,還是針對(duì)主題思想、作者的意圖進(jìn)行推斷。針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的推斷
可運(yùn)用scanning的方法,迅速在材料中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍,然后再進(jìn)行推理判斷。
針對(duì)主題思想作推斷時(shí),則常常要縱覽全篇文章。
【題型分析】
Beforethe1830s,mostnewspapersweresoldthroughannualsubscriptionsinAmerica,
usually$8to$10ayear.Today$8or$10seemsasmallamountofmoney,butatthatlimethese
31.A
【解析】推理判斷題。第二段“Thetrend,then,was'pennyp叩er'”及最后一段“Thenewtrendof
newspapersfbr'themanonthestreet'didnotbeginwell.Someoftheearlyventureswere
immediatelyfailures.Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhoownersofsuccessfulpapers,had
littledesirestochangethetradition.Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheball
rolling.”可知,“便士報(bào)紙”新趨勢(shì)一開(kāi)始并不好,一些早期的嘗試立即失敗了。已經(jīng)進(jìn)入商
業(yè)領(lǐng)域的成功的出版商,并不想改變這一傳統(tǒng)。后來(lái)一些年輕而大膽的商人才推動(dòng)了這件事。
由此可推斷出“便士報(bào)紙''的誕生是一個(gè)困難而曲折的過(guò)程。分析選項(xiàng)可知,A項(xiàng)符合題意,
故選Ao
Haveyoueverwonderedwhybirdssing?Maybeyouthoughtthattheywerejusthappy.After
all,youprobablysingorwhistlewhenyouarehappy.
Somescientistsbelievethatbirdsdosingsomeof(hetimejustbecausetheyarehappy.
However,(heysingmostofthelimeforaverydifferentreason.Theirsingingisactuallya
warningtootherbirdstostayoutoftheirterritory.
???
1.Howdocsthewriterexplainbirds5singing?
A.Byparingbirdswithhumanbeings.
B.Byreportingexperimentresults.
C.Bydescribingb:rds,dailylife.
D.Bytellingabird'sstory.
【答案】A
【解析】由文章第一、二兩段可知作者是把鳥(niǎo)兒和人類(lèi)進(jìn)行對(duì)比。
Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthanks
(oawaiiiiiiigcliiiialc*accuidingluanewstudy.
Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)called
phytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreate
colourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthe
typeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktonin
someareas,whilereducingi(inotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.
Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,where(heypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)iniothe
oceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,
animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerableto
theocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffect
phytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalso
nutrients.
StephanieDutkicwicz,ascientistinMIT'sCenterfbrGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimate
modelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby
3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangesto(hecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojects
thatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbeeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,such
asthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareas
willtumgreener.t4Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging.Mshesaid,
“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”
45.Whatis(hemainpurposeof(hepassage?
A.Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges
B.Toanalysethepositionoftheoceanfoodchain
C.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans
D.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為說(shuō)明文。一項(xiàng)最新研究表明,由「氣候變暖,世界海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、
更綠。這一現(xiàn)象是因?yàn)橐环N叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物,因?yàn)楣饩€反射的作用,它們?cè)?/p>
海洋表面形成了五顏六色的圖案。但是浮游植物很容易受到海洋變暖趨勢(shì)的影響。氣候變暖
會(huì)改變海洋的主要特征,并影響浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)。
45.C
【解析】目的意圖題。第一段提出文章的主旨“Bytheendofthecentury.Ifnotsooner,the
world'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthanksloawanningcliinalu,accordingloanewsludy.”
可知到本世紀(jì)末。一項(xiàng)新的研究表明,由于氣候變暖,如果不盡快的話,世界上的海洋將會(huì)
變得更藍(lán)、更綠。再結(jié)合第三段“Butphytoplanktonarcvulnerabletotheocean'swarningtrend
Wanningchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanafleetphytoplanktongrowth,…”可知,
“浮游植物很容易受到海洋警告趨勢(shì)的影響,變暖改變了海洋的關(guān)鍵特征,并能影響浮游植
物的生長(zhǎng)”??芍疚闹饕忉寶夂蜃兓瘜?duì)海洋的影響。故選C。
Q麗訓(xùn)練
1、
CertainformsofAIareindeedbeingubiauitous.Forexample,algorithms(算法)carryout
hugevolumesoftradingonourfinancialmarkets,selfdrivingcarsareappearingoncitystreets,
andoursmartphonesaretranslatingfromonelanguageintoanother.Thesesystemsaresometimes
fasterandmoreperceptivethanwehumansare.Butsofarthatisonlytruefor(hespecifictasks
forwhichthesystemshavebeendesigned.ThatissomethingthatsomeAIdevelopersarenow
eagertochange.
Someoftoday'sAIpioneerswanttomoveonfromtoday'sworldof"weak"or"narrow"AI,
tocreate“strong”or“fUH”AI,orwhatisoftencalledartificialgeneralintelligence(AGI).Insome
respects,today'spowerfulpulingmachinesalreadymakeourbrainslookweak.AGIcould,its
advocatessay,workforusaround(heclock,anddrawingonallavailabledata,couldsuggest
solutionstomanyproblems.DM,apanyfocusedonthedevelopmentofAGI,hasanambitionto
4tsolveinteHigence"."Ifwe'resuccessful,“theirmissionstatementreads,“webelievethiswillbe
oneofthemostimportantandwidelybeneficialscientificadvancesevermade.”
SincetheearlydaysofAI,imaginationhasoutpacedwhatispossibleorevenprobable.In
1965,animaginativemathematiciancalledIrvingGoodpredictedtheeventualcreationofan
^ultraintclligcntmachine...thatcanfarsurpassalltheintellectual(智力的)activitiesofanyman,
howeverclever.^^Goodwentontosuggestthatulhefirstultraintelligentmachine^^couldbe”the
lastinventionthatmanneedevermake.”
Fearsabouttheappearanceofbad.powerful,manmadeintelligentmachineshavebeen
reinforced(強(qiáng)ft)bymanyworksoffiction—MaryShelley'sFrankensteinandtheTerminator
filmscries,lorexample.ButifAIdocsuvcnluallyprovelobeourdownfall,itisunlikelyK)beill
thehandsofhunianshapedformslikethese,withrecognisablyhumanmotivationssuchas
aggression(敵對(duì)行為).Instead,IagreewithOxfordUniversityphilosopherNickBostrom,who
believesthattheheaviestrisksfromAGIdonotefromadecisionloturnagainstmankindbut
ratherfromadoggedpursuitofsetobjectivesattheexpenseofeverythingelse.
ThepromiseanddangeroftrueAGIaregreat.Butalloftoday'sexciteddiscussionabout
thesepossibilitiespresupposesthetactthatwewillbeabletobuildthesesystems.And,having
spokentomanyoftheworld'sforemostAIresearchers,Ibelievethereisgoodreasontodoubtthat
wewillseeAGIanytimesoon,ifever.
9.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“ubiquitous“inParagraphIprobablymean?
A.Enormousinquantity.B.Changeabledaily.
C.Stablcinquality.D.Presenteverywhere.
10.WhatcouldAGIdoforus,accordingtoitssupporters?
A.Helptotackleproblems.B.Makebrainsmoreactive.
C.Benefitambitiouspeople,D.Setuppowerfuldatabases.
1l.AsfbrIningGood'sopiniononultraintelligentmachines,theauthoris.
A.supportiveB.disapproving
C.fearfulD.uncertain
12.WhatcanbeinferredaboutAGIfromthepassage?
A.Itmaybeonlyadream.
B.I(willeintobeingsoon.
C.Itwillbecontrolledbyhumans.
D.Itmaybemoredangerousthanever.
【答案】9.D10.All.B12.A
【分析】
這是一篇議論文。文章主要就通用人工智能(AGI)實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性進(jìn)行了論述。
9.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句后面的Forexample,algorithms(算法)carryouthuge
volumesoftradingonourfinancialmarkets,selfdrivingcarsareappearingoncitystreets,andour
smartphonesaretranslatingfromonelanguageintoanother]例如,算法在我們的金融市場(chǎng)上進(jìn)
行大量交易,自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)出現(xiàn)在城市街道上,我們的智能手機(jī)正在從一種語(yǔ)言翻譯成另一
種語(yǔ)言)可知,人工智能在我們生活中用處I分廣泛。由此推知,劃線詞所在句意為“某些形
式的人匚智能確實(shí)正在變得無(wú)處不在“,即劃線詞與D選項(xiàng)“Presenteverywhere.(在任何地方
存在)“意思接近。故選D項(xiàng)。
10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段AGIcould,itsadvocatessay,workforusaroundtheclock,and
drawingonallavailabledata,couldsuggestsolutionstomanyproblcms(AGI的倡導(dǎo)者說(shuō),AGI
可以24小時(shí)為我們工作,并利用所有可用的數(shù)據(jù),可以提出許多問(wèn)題的解決方案)可知,
AG1(通用人,智能)的倡導(dǎo)者認(rèn)為,AGI(通用人工智能)可以提出許多問(wèn)題的解決方案,幫助
我們解決問(wèn)題。因此,A選項(xiàng)“Helptotackleproblems(幫助解決問(wèn)題)”符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)。
II.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Since(heearlydaysofAI,imaginationhasoutpacedwhatis
possibleorevenprobable.In1965,animaginativemathematiciancalledIrvingGoodpredicted
theeventualcreationofan4ultraintelligentmachine...thatcanfarsurpassalltheintellectual(智力
的)activitiesofanyman,howeverclever.”(自從人工智能的早期,想象力已經(jīng)超過(guò)了可能。1965
年,一位富有想象力的數(shù)學(xué)家歐文?古德預(yù)言,最終將創(chuàng)造出一臺(tái)“超智能機(jī)器……它將遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)
超過(guò)任何一個(gè)人的智力活動(dòng),無(wú)論他有多聰明。”)可知,作者認(rèn)為IrvingGood對(duì)“超智能機(jī)
器”的想象力超出了實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能,作者并不贊成他的觀點(diǎn),,因此B項(xiàng)“disapproving(不贊成)”
符合題意。故選B項(xiàng)。
12.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句And,havingspokentomanyoftheworld'sforemostAI
researchers,IbelievethereisgoodreasontodoubtthatwewillseeAG1anytimesoon,ifever.
(而H,在與世界上許多頂尖的人工智能研究人員交談后,我相信有充分的理由懷疑我們顯
否會(huì)很快看到AGD可推斷出,通用人工智能(AGI)或許只是一個(gè)夢(mèng)想,A選項(xiàng)“Ilmaybeonly
adream(它也許僅僅是一個(gè)夢(mèng)想)”符合題意。故選擇A項(xiàng)。
2、
Rainforestsarehometoarichvarietyofmedicinalplants,food,birdsandanimals.Canyou
believethatasinglebush(灌木從)intheAmazonmayhavemorespeciesofantsthanthewhole
ofBritain!About480varietiesoftreesmaybefoundinjustonehectareofrainforest.
Rainforestsarethelungsoftheplanetstoringvastquantitiesofcarbondioxideandproducing
asignificantamountoftheworld'soxygen.Rainforestshavetheirownperfectsystemfbrensuring
theirownsurvival;thetalltreesmakeacanopy(樹(shù)冠層)ofbranchesandleaveswhichprotect
themselves,smallerplants,andtheforestanimalsfromheavyrain,intensedryheatfromthesun
andstrongwinds.
Amazingly,thetreesgrowinsuchawayihaltheirleavesandbranuhcs,allhuughulusc
together,neveractuallytouchthoseofanothertree.Scientiststhinkthisistheplants'wayto
preventthespreadofanytreediseasesandmakelifemoredifficultforleafeatinginsectslike
cateipiliars.Tosurviveintheforest,animalsmustclimb,jumporflyacross(hegaps.Theground
flooroftheforestisnotalltangledleavesandbushes,likeinfilms,butisactuallyfairlyclear.1(is
wheredeadleavesturnintofoodforthetreesandotherforestlife.
Theyarenotcalledrainforestsfornothing!Rainforestscangenerate75%oftheirownrain.At
least80inchesofrainayearisnormalandinsomeareastheremaybeasmuchas430inchesof
rainannually.Thisisrealrainyourumbrellamayprotectyouinashower,butitwon'tkeepyou
dryifthereisafullrainstorm.Injusttwohours,streamscanrisetentotwentyfeet.Thehumidity
(濕氣)oflargerainforestscontributestotheformationofraincloudsthatmaytraveltoother
countriesinneedofrain.
I.Whatcanwelearnaboutrainforestsfromthefirstparagraph?
A.Theyproduceoxygen.B.Theycoveravastarea.
C.Theyarewellmanaged.D.Theyarerichinwildlife.
2.Whichofthefollowingcontributesmosttothesurvivalofrainforests?
A.HeavyrainsB.Bigtrees.
C.Smailplants.D.Forestanimals.
3.Whydotheleavesandbranchesofdifferenttreesavoidtouchingeachother?
A.Formoresunlight.B.Formoregrowingspace.
C.Forselfprotection.D.For(hedetectionofinsects.
4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A.LifeGivingRainforestsB.TheLawoftheJungle
C.AnimalsintheAmazonD.WcathcrinRainforests
【答案】l.D2.B3.C4.A
【分析】
本文是說(shuō)明文。熱帶雨林被稱(chēng)為“世界上最大的藥房”,因?yàn)槌^(guò)25%的現(xiàn)代藥物是由其
植物提煉。熱帶雨林也享有“地球之肺''的美譽(yù),因其植物的光合作用凈化地球空氣的能力尤
為強(qiáng)大。僅亞馬遜熱帶雨林產(chǎn)生的氧氣就占全球氧氣總量的1/3。
1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Rainforestsarehometoarichvarietyofmedicinalplants,food,birds
and訓(xùn)山nds.得知,熱帶雨林蘊(yùn)藏了豐富多彩的藥用植物、食物以及鳥(niǎo)禽猛獸??芍?,熱帶
雨林有豐富的野生動(dòng)物,故選D。
2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Rainforestshavetheirownperfectsystemforensuringtheirown
sunival;thetalltreesmakeacanopy(樹(shù)冠層)ofbranchesandleaveswhichprotectthemselves,
smallerplants,andtheforestanimalsfromheavyrain,intensedryhealfromthesun
andstrongwinds.得知,熱帶雨林有自己完美的生存體系,高大的樹(shù)木有枝干,樹(shù)葉的樹(shù)冠
層保護(hù)樹(shù)木本身、小植物、動(dòng)物們免受大雨和太陽(yáng)強(qiáng)風(fēng)甘來(lái)的干燥熱浪的傷害??芍?,大樹(shù)
有助于熱帶雨林生存,故選B。
3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Scientiststhinkthisistheplants'waytopreventthespreadofanytree
diseasesandmakelifemoredifficultfbrleafealinginsectslikecaterpillars.得知,科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為這
是植物阻止任何樹(shù)木疾病擴(kuò)散和讓比如毛毛蟲(chóng)這種食用樹(shù)葉的昆蟲(chóng)難以生存??梢耘袛喑霾?/p>
同樹(shù)木的樹(shù)葉和樹(shù)枝避免彼此觸碰是為了自我保護(hù),故選Co
4.主旨大意題。本文首先講述了熱帶雨林蘊(yùn)藏了豐富多彩的藥用植物、食物以及鳥(niǎo)禽猛獸。
其次,熱帶雨林就是地球的肺——它吸納了大量的二氧化碳,并制造了全球氧氣的很大部分。
然后,雨林可以自我形成所需降雨的75%,而龐大的熱帶雨林濕氣則可以形成雨云,這些
雨云則可以飄往那些缺雨水的國(guó)家??梢耘袛喑霰疚淖罴褬?biāo)題是“給予生命的熱帶雨林”,故
選Ao
3、
Theendoftheschoolyearwasinsightandspiritswerehigh.Iwasbackteachingafteran
absenceof15years,dealingwiththevariouskindsof"forbiddenfruit"thateoutofbookbags.
Nowwasthespringofthewaterpistol.
Idecidedtothinkupamethodofdealingwithforbiddenfruit.
"Pleasebringthatpistoltome,"Isaid."I'mgoingtoputitinmyGrandma'sBox."
"What'sthat?"theyasked.
"It'salargewoodenchestfulloftoysformygrandchildren/'Ireplied,
"Youdon'thavegrandchildren,"someonesaid.
"Idon'tnow."Ireplied."ButsomedayIwill.WhenIdo,myboxwillbefullofwonderful
thingsfor(hem."
MyimaginaryGrandma'sBoxworkedlikemagicthatspring,andlater.Sometimes,students
wouldaskmetodescribeallthethingsIhadinit.ThenIwouldtrytorememberthedifferent
possessionsIsupposedlyhadtakenaway—sinceIseldomactuallykeptllicm.Usuallythe
offenderwouldappearattheendoftheday,andIwouldreturnthebelonging.
Theyearswentby,andmyfirstgrandchildGordonwasbom.Isharedmyjoywiththatyear's
class.Thensomeonesaid,"NowyoucanuseyourGrandma'sBox."Fromthenoninsteadofingto
asktheirpossessionsback,thestudentswouldsay,"That'sokay.PutilinyourGrandma'sBoxfor
Gordon."
1lovedtalkingabout:heimaginarybox,notonlywithmystudentsbutalsowithmyown
children.TheyenjoyedhearingaboutalltheforbiddenfruitIhadcollected.ThenoneChristmasI
receivedasurprisegift—alarge,beautifullymadewoodenchest.MysonBrucehadmademy
Grandma'sBoxareality.
5.Whatwastheauthor'spurposeinhavingtheconversationwiththestudents?
A.Tocollectthewaterpistol.B.Totalkabouthergrandchildren.
C.Toreniendsometoys.D.Toexplainherteachingmethod.
6.Wha(dotheunderlinedwords"theoffender"inparagraph8referto?
A.Thestudent'sparent.B.ThemaksroftheGrandma'sBox.
C.Theauthor'sgrandchild.D.Theowneroftheforbiddenfruit.
7.WhatdidthestudentsdoaftertheylearnedaboutthebirthofGordon?
A.Theywenttoplaywiththebaby.B.ThcyaskedtoseetheGrandma'sBox.
C.ThcymadeapresentforGordon.D.Thcystoppedaskingtheirtoysback.
8.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?
A.Sheenjoystellingjokes.B.Sheisastrictandsmartteacher.
C.Shelovesdoingwoodwork.D.Sheisaresponsiblegrandmother
【答案】5.A6.D7.D8.B
【分析】
這是一篇記敘文.文章主要講敘了作者為收集學(xué)生;門(mén)帶到學(xué)校的玩具,想出了一個(gè)“奶
奶的盒子”的辦法。到后來(lái),作者的第一個(gè)孫子出生,學(xué)生們也不再來(lái)要求歸還他們的財(cái)物
了,作者也在某一年圣誕節(jié)收到了兒子制作的大木箱,洛“奶奶的盒子”變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。
5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Iwasbackteachingafteranabsenceof15years,dealingwiththe
variouskindsof"forbiddenfruit"thateoutofbookbags.Nowwasthespringofthewater
pis⑹.(在缺席了15年之后,我又回到了教書(shū)的地方,處理從書(shū)包里掏出的各種各樣的“禁果”。
現(xiàn)在流行的是水槍?zhuān)币约暗谌沃?"Pleasebiingthatpistollome/Isaid.^I'mgoingtopulitin
myGrandma'sBox.'("請(qǐng)把那支水槍給我,“我說(shuō)。“我要把它放在我'奶奶的盒子‘里J')”由此
可知,作者與學(xué)生進(jìn)行對(duì)話的目的是收集水槍。故選A,
6.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“Iwouldreturnthebelonging”結(jié)合上文提到作者把學(xué)生帶到
學(xué)校的玩具稱(chēng)為“禁果”,且作者的“盒子”里裝的就是“禁果”,所以作者等到這些禁果的擁有
者在一天結(jié)束的時(shí)候出現(xiàn),然后就會(huì)歸還他們的物品。由此可知,劃線詞意思為“禁果的擁
有者故選D。
7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Fromthenoninsteadofingtoasktheirpossessionsback,the
studentswouldsay,'That'sokay.PutitinyourGrandma'sBoxforGordon.'(從那時(shí)起,學(xué)生們不
再來(lái)要求歸還他們的財(cái)物,而是說(shuō):“沒(méi)關(guān)系。把它放在你“奶奶給戈登的盒子“里)“由此可
知,學(xué)生們?cè)诘弥烁甑堑某錾?,他們不再索要玩具。故選D。
8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章中作者要收集學(xué)生們從書(shū)包里掏出的各種各樣的“禁果”,說(shuō)明作者
對(duì)待學(xué)生很?chē)?yán)格;同時(shí)作者又想出了“奶奶的盒子”這個(gè)的方法來(lái)收集學(xué)生們的玩具,說(shuō)明作
者很聰明,由此可推知,作者是一個(gè)嚴(yán)格而聰明的老師。故選B。
4、
Forthosewhocanstomachit、workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialfor
healththaneatingfirst,accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.
Athletesandscientistshavelongknownthatmealtimingaffectsperformance.However,far
lesshasbeenknownabouthowmealtimingandexercisemightaffectgeneralhealth.
Tofindout,Britishscientistsconductedastudy.Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactive
butotherwisehealthyyoungmen,whoselifestylesare,forbelterandworse,representativeof
thoseofmostofus.Theytestedthemen'sfitnessandrestingmetabolic(新陳代謝的)ratesand
tooksamples(樣品)oftheirbloodandfattissue.
Then,ontwoseparatemorningvisitstothescientists'lab,eachmanwalkedfbranhouratan
averagespeedthat,intheory,shouldallowhisbodytorelymainlyonfatforfuel.Beforeoneof
theseworkouts,themenskippedbreakfast,meaningthattheyexercisedonapletelyempty
stomachafteralongovernightfast(禁食).Ontheotheroccasion,theyatearichmorningmeal
abouttwohoursbeforetheystartedwalking.
Justbeforeandanhcuraftereachworkout,thescientiststookadditionalsamplesofthe
men'sbloodandfattissue.
Tlicutheyparedthesamples.Therewereuonsidciablcdifferences.Musiobviously,llicmen
displayedlowerbloodsugarlevelsatthestartoftheirworkoutswhentheyhadskippedbreakfast
thanwhentheyhadeaten.Asaresult,theyburnedmorefatduringwalksonanemptystomach
thanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand,theyburnedslightlymorecalorics(卡路里),on
average,duringtheworkouiafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.
Butitwastheeffectsdeepwithinthefatcellsthatmayhavebeenthemostsignificant,the
researchersfound.Multiplegenesbehaveddifterently,dependingonwhethersomeonehadeaten
ornotbeforewalking.Manyofthesegenesproduceproteins(蛋白質(zhì))thatcanimproveblood
sugarregulationandinsulin(胰島素)levelsthroughoutthebodyandsoareassociatedwith
improvedmetabolichealth.Thesegenesweremuchmoreactivewhenthemenhadfastedbefore
exercisethanwhentheyhadbreakfasted.
Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,it
maybewisetoskipeatingfirst.
13.Theunderlinedexpression“stomachit”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans"
A.digestthemealeasilyB.managewithoutbreakfast
C.decidewiselywhattoeatD.eatwhateverisoffered
14.Whywerethe10peoplechosenfortheexperiment?
A.Theirlifestylesweretypicalofordinarypeople.
B.Thcirlackofexerciseledtooverweight.
C.Theycouldwalkalanaveragespeed.
D.Theyhadslowmetabolicrates.
15.Whathappenedtothosewhoatebreakfastbeforeexercise?
A.Theysuccessfullylostweight.B.Theyconsumedabitmorecalories.
C.Theyburnedmorefatonaverage.D.Theydisplayedhigherinsulinlevels.
16.Whatcouldbelearnedfromtheresearch?
A.Aworkoutafterbreakfastimprovesgeneperformances.
B.Toomuchworkoutoftenslowsmetabolicrates.
C.Lifestyleisnotasimportantasmorningexercise.
D.Physicalexercisebeforebreakfastisbetterforhealth.
【答案】I3.B14.A15.BI6.D
【分析】
本文是說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究,結(jié)果表明對(duì)于那些能忍受的人來(lái)說(shuō),不吃早餐鍛
煉可能對(duì)健康更有益。
13.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文workingoutbeforebreakfastn:aybemorebeneficialforhealththan
eatingfirst可知,早餐前鍛煉可能比先吃飯?jiān)馘憻拰?duì)健康更有益,因此推斷這里說(shuō)的是那些
不吃早飯先鍛煉的人,因此推斷劃線詞與B項(xiàng)“不吃早飯能應(yīng)付”意思相近。故選B。
14.細(xì)節(jié)埋解題。根據(jù)第二段的Theyfirstiound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthy
youngmen,whoselifestylesarefarbetterandworse,representativeofthoseofmostofus.可知,
他們首先找到了10個(gè)超重的,不活躍但健康的年輕人,他們的生活方式可以說(shuō)更好,也可
以說(shuō)更糟,代表了我們大多數(shù)人。因此可知,實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)選擇的10個(gè)人的生活方式代表了普通
人。故選Ao
15.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段的Asaresult,theyburnedmorefatduringwalksonanempty
stomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand,theyburnedslightlymorecalories(卡
路里),onaverage,duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.可知,結(jié)果,他們空腹散
步時(shí)燃燒的脂肪比他們首先吃東西時(shí)所燃燒的脂肪要多。另一方面。平均而言,他們?cè)谠?/p>
餐后鍛煉時(shí)燃燒的卡路里略多于禁食后。因此可知,鍛煉前吃早飯消耗更多一點(diǎn)的熱量。故
選Bo
16.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealth
benefitsfromexercise,itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.可知,這些結(jié)果的暗示,為了從運(yùn)動(dòng)中
獲得最大的健康益處,先不吃東西可能更明智。因此推斷早飯前的體育鍛煉對(duì)健康更有益。
故選D。
5、
ClaireWyatt,a24yearoldBritishvolunteer,ledeightCambodianslivingwithdisabilitieson
a155milcbikeridefromPhnomPenh,thenat沁n'scapital,toSiemReaptoraisemoneyand
deliversuppliestothoseinneedinthecoronaviruspandemic(新冠病毒大流行).
“Leadingthistripwasanincrediblyspecialexperiencetorme,“saidClaire.uNotonlywasI
encouragedbythedeterminationofeachandeveryrider,butalsotheteamtaughtmeeveryday
nottofbcusontheirdisability.^^
Whenshewasfirstaskedtoleadthetrip.Claireadmitted,shewasfeelingnenousabouther
teamtravelingsuchadistanceinjustafewdaysbecausecyclingwithadisabilitycanewith
addedphysicalandcmolioikiluhallcngcs.
OneteammembernamedDy,wholostanarminanaccident,bikedusingjustonearmto
balance.AnothernamedVultacouldonlypedalononesideduetopolio(小兒麻痹).Despiteall
thedifficulties,Clairerealizedquicklythatshedidn'thavetoworryaboutherteam.Shesawthem
dealwithroughareathatshehadseenabledcyclistsgiveuponbefore.
Thevolunteerscoveredthedistanceinjustfourdays,notonlyhelpingsomanypeopleacross
thecountry,butalsooveringhugedifficultiestogetthere.
“Thebestthingaboutthisrideisthattheridershaveallvolunteeredtheirtimetodothis.
TheyaresoenthusiasticaboutCambodiaandraisingmoneyfbrothersinneed,^^saidClaire."The
moneyraisedwillfeed99familiesinSiemReap.”
Clairerecalledherfavoritemomentoftheexperience,whenoneofthecyclistspushedan
exhaustedteammateupahillfbr2miles."OnemomentthatstoodoutfbrmewaswhenNarct,our
onlyfemalerider,wasfeelingtired,“shesaid."Herfellowridergentlyputhishandonherback
andpushedherfbr2miles!Theywereencouragingeachothertopushthroughthetiredness?'
1.WhydidClaireandeightCambodianscycle155miles?
A.Tbchallengethemselves.B.Tohelpoutneedypeople.
C.Totakepartinapetition.D.Toraisemoneyforthedisabled.
2.WhatworriedClairebefcretheride?
A.Shemightbeinjuredontheroad.
B.Shewouldbeunabletoleadtheteam.
C.Herteammightbelookeddownon.
D.Herteamcouldn'tfinishtheroute.
3.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheteam?
A.Confident,calmandfriendly.
B.Honest,patientandopenininded.
C.Strongminded,braveandcaring.
D.Curious,crea
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