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專(zhuān)題20閱讀理解知推理判斷

《考點(diǎn)?題型?技巧》

號(hào)考向分析

推理判斷題主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)文章的字面意思,通過(guò)語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系,研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示,推敲

作者的態(tài)度,理解文章的寓意等。推理判斷題屬于主觀性較強(qiáng)的高層次閱讀理解題。做這類(lèi)

題時(shí),考生應(yīng)在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上,從文章本身所提供的信息出發(fā),運(yùn)用邏輯思維,同時(shí)借

助一定的常識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推理、判斷

即考點(diǎn)導(dǎo)航

考點(diǎn)01細(xì)節(jié)推斷題

要求考生根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇關(guān)系,推斷具體細(xì)節(jié),如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系、人物身份、事件、

具體信息等??忌獜奈恼卤旧硭峁┑男畔⒊霭l(fā),抓住關(guān)鍵的信息詞,運(yùn)用邏輯思維,并

借助一定的常識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推理、判斷。

考點(diǎn)02因果推斷題

要求考生根據(jù)已知結(jié)果推測(cè)導(dǎo)致結(jié)果的可能原因或根據(jù)已有的原因推斷可能的結(jié)果???/p>

生要準(zhǔn)確掌握文章的內(nèi)涵,理解文章的真正含義。最關(guān)鍵的是要找準(zhǔn)事物間存在的因果關(guān)系

信息,根據(jù)已有信息,進(jìn)行分析判斷推理,從而推出最常合邏輯的原因或判斷出最可能導(dǎo)致

的結(jié)果。

考點(diǎn)03人物性格、心情處境、態(tài)度及觀點(diǎn)等推斷題

高考閱讀測(cè)試中有些題目考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章作者的主導(dǎo)思想、被描寫(xiě)人物語(yǔ)氣、言談話語(yǔ)

中流露的情緒、性格傾向和作用或文中人物的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等方面的理解。做這一類(lèi)題時(shí)一定

注意:

(1)由表及里地準(zhǔn)確把握字里行間的意思,切勿用自己的主觀想法或觀點(diǎn)代替作者的

思想觀點(diǎn)。

(2)特別注意那些描寫(xiě)環(huán)境氣氛的語(yǔ)言,以及表達(dá)感情,態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。要特別注

意作者在義章中的措辭,尤其是感情色彩的形容詞。

(3)能結(jié)合自己平時(shí)積累的有關(guān)英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的文化傳統(tǒng)、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等背景知識(shí)來(lái)識(shí)別評(píng)價(jià)。

考點(diǎn)04篇章結(jié)構(gòu)推斷題

根據(jù)不同文章的內(nèi)容和寫(xiě)作目的,作者會(huì)采取記敘、描寫(xiě)、議論、說(shuō)明或應(yīng)用文體。作

者也會(huì)采用敘述、例證、比較對(duì)照等不同的組織結(jié)構(gòu)。不同文體的閱讀難度、要求和任務(wù)不

同,閱讀方法也應(yīng)不同。增強(qiáng)對(duì)篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解能力有助于提高閱讀質(zhì)量。

考點(diǎn)05文章結(jié)論推斷題

由具體到一般,對(duì)已知的事實(shí)進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)性推斷稱(chēng)為結(jié)論。

考點(diǎn)06寫(xiě)作目的推斷題

這類(lèi)題的題干中常有purpose,或者后面接有R的的動(dòng)詞不定式,如:intendto,meantto,

inorderto等。我們可以根據(jù)文章的主旨和體裁來(lái)判斷作者的目的和態(tài)度。

與寫(xiě)作目的對(duì)應(yīng)的文章加下:

(1)toentertainreaders(使讀者愉悅、發(fā)笑):常見(jiàn)于個(gè)人經(jīng)歷或故事類(lèi)的文章。

(2)topersuadereaders(說(shuō)服讀者接受某種觀點(diǎn)):常見(jiàn)于廣告或議論文。

toinformreaders(告知讀者某些信息):多見(jiàn)于新聞報(bào)道類(lèi)、科普類(lèi)、文化類(lèi)或社會(huì)

類(lèi)的文章,以及勸告性或建議性文章。

(3)開(kāi)頭提出問(wèn)題——讓讀者關(guān)注主題。

簡(jiǎn)介相關(guān)事物——為了引出主題。

列舉具體事例一說(shuō)明文段的主題

對(duì)付這類(lèi)題時(shí)我們不僅要弄懂文章字面的意思,更重要的是要知道文章潛在的含義,和作者

所給的提示。同時(shí)要對(duì)文章的含義和作者的暗示作合理的猜測(cè)和推論。關(guān)鍵是:意思要靠推

斷得出,而不是原文照搬.這就要把握住文章的主題思想和每段的內(nèi)容;明確作者的觀點(diǎn)及

其寫(xiě)作該文的目的;分析文章里所給的有關(guān)信息;注意詞匯在詞典的定義和詞典以外的含義;

最后運(yùn)用自己的知識(shí)進(jìn)行由表及里的邏輯推理,挖出文章的伏筆,得出正確的推論。

這種問(wèn)題的提問(wèn)方式通常有:

1.Fromparagraph4wecaninferthat./Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?/Fromthe

lastparagraphwccaninferthat.

2.Wccaninferfromthetextthat.../Whatcanwclearnfrom...?/Wecanconcludefromthe

passagethat...

3.Thelastsentenceof(hefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthat.

4.Theauthorimpliesthatbytheyear2080,.

5.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould.

6.Theauthormentionsthefactthat...toshow.

7.Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin?

8.Theauthor'sattitudetoward...is?

9.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas?

這些提問(wèn)方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到,必須根據(jù)提問(wèn)中的某些關(guān)鍵字眼與

短文中相應(yīng)的有關(guān)內(nèi)容加以邏輯推理或演算,從而得出某些作者并未說(shuō)明卻已在字里行間所

暗含的意思及觀點(diǎn)。具體的說(shuō),考生應(yīng)當(dāng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):

1.首先要注意一定要忠實(shí)于原文,以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)。立足已知,推斷

未知,遵循“詞不離句,句不離段,段不離篇”的原則。千萬(wàn)不能土觀臆想,憑空想象,隨

意揣測(cè),更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。

2.要吃透文章的字面意思,從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索,這是推理的前提和基

礎(chǔ)。有的推斷,考生完全可以根據(jù)文章中所闡述的細(xì)節(jié),再結(jié)合自己所掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)、有

關(guān)背景知識(shí)或常識(shí)來(lái)幫助進(jìn)行分析、推敲,從而得出符合文章原意的結(jié)論.

3.要對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行挖掘加工,由表及里,由淺入深,從具體到抽象,從特殊

到一般,通過(guò)分析、綜合、判斷等,進(jìn)行深層處理,合乎邏輯地推理。不能就事論事,斷章

取義,以偏概全。

4.要把握句、段之叵的邏輯關(guān)系,了解語(yǔ)篇的結(jié)構(gòu),同時(shí)還要體會(huì)文章的基調(diào),揣摩

作者的態(tài)度,摸準(zhǔn)邏輯發(fā)展方向,悟出作者的言外之意。

5.在解答推理性問(wèn)題時(shí),一定要注意確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍。應(yīng)清楚所要解答的問(wèn)

題需要針對(duì)某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推斷,還是針對(duì)主題思想、作者的意圖進(jìn)行推斷。針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的推斷

可運(yùn)用scanning的方法,迅速在材料中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍,然后再進(jìn)行推理判斷。

針對(duì)主題思想作推斷時(shí),則常常要縱覽全篇文章。

【題型分析】

Beforethe1830s,mostnewspapersweresoldthroughannualsubscriptionsinAmerica,

usually$8to$10ayear.Today$8or$10seemsasmallamountofmoney,butatthatlimethese

31.A

【解析】推理判斷題。第二段“Thetrend,then,was'pennyp叩er'”及最后一段“Thenewtrendof

newspapersfbr'themanonthestreet'didnotbeginwell.Someoftheearlyventureswere

immediatelyfailures.Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhoownersofsuccessfulpapers,had

littledesirestochangethetradition.Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheball

rolling.”可知,“便士報(bào)紙”新趨勢(shì)一開(kāi)始并不好,一些早期的嘗試立即失敗了。已經(jīng)進(jìn)入商

業(yè)領(lǐng)域的成功的出版商,并不想改變這一傳統(tǒng)。后來(lái)一些年輕而大膽的商人才推動(dòng)了這件事。

由此可推斷出“便士報(bào)紙''的誕生是一個(gè)困難而曲折的過(guò)程。分析選項(xiàng)可知,A項(xiàng)符合題意,

故選Ao

Haveyoueverwonderedwhybirdssing?Maybeyouthoughtthattheywerejusthappy.After

all,youprobablysingorwhistlewhenyouarehappy.

Somescientistsbelievethatbirdsdosingsomeof(hetimejustbecausetheyarehappy.

However,(heysingmostofthelimeforaverydifferentreason.Theirsingingisactuallya

warningtootherbirdstostayoutoftheirterritory.

???

1.Howdocsthewriterexplainbirds5singing?

A.Byparingbirdswithhumanbeings.

B.Byreportingexperimentresults.

C.Bydescribingb:rds,dailylife.

D.Bytellingabird'sstory.

【答案】A

【解析】由文章第一、二兩段可知作者是把鳥(niǎo)兒和人類(lèi)進(jìn)行對(duì)比。

Bytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthanks

(oawaiiiiiiigcliiiialc*accuidingluanewstudy.

Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms(海洋微生物)called

phytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreate

colourfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthe

typeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktonin

someareas,whilereducingi(inotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.

Phytoplanktonliveattheoceansurface,where(heypullcarbondioxide(二氧化碳)iniothe

oceanwhilegivingoffoxygen.Whentheseorganismsdie,theyburycarboninthedeepocean,

animportantprocessthathelpstoregulatetheglobalclimate.Butphytoplanktonarevulnerableto

theocean'swarmingtrend.Warmingchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanaffect

phytoplanktongrowth,sincetheyneednotonlysunlightandcarbondioxidetogrow,butalso

nutrients.

StephanieDutkicwicz,ascientistinMIT'sCenterfbrGlobalChangeScience,builtaclimate

modelthatprojectschangestotheoceansthroughoutthecentury.Inaworldthatwarmsupby

3℃,itfoundthatmultiplechangesto(hecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.Themodelprojects

thatcurrentlyblueareaswithlittlephytoplanktoncouldbeeevenbluer.Butinsomewaters,such

asthoseoftheArctic,awarmingwillmakeconditionsriperforphytoplankton,andtheseareas

willtumgreener.t4Notonlyarethequantitiesofphytoplanktonintheoceanchanging.Mshesaid,

“butthetypeofphytoplanktonischanging.”

45.Whatis(hemainpurposeof(hepassage?

A.Toassesstheconsequencesofoceancolourchanges

B.Toanalysethepositionoftheoceanfoodchain

C.Toexplaintheeffectsofclimatechangeonoceans

D.Tointroduceanewmethodtostudyphytoplankton

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為說(shuō)明文。一項(xiàng)最新研究表明,由「氣候變暖,世界海洋將會(huì)變得更藍(lán)、

更綠。這一現(xiàn)象是因?yàn)橐环N叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物,因?yàn)楣饩€反射的作用,它們?cè)?/p>

海洋表面形成了五顏六色的圖案。但是浮游植物很容易受到海洋變暖趨勢(shì)的影響。氣候變暖

會(huì)改變海洋的主要特征,并影響浮游植物的生長(zhǎng)。

45.C

【解析】目的意圖題。第一段提出文章的主旨“Bytheendofthecentury.Ifnotsooner,the

world'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthanksloawanningcliinalu,accordingloanewsludy.”

可知到本世紀(jì)末。一項(xiàng)新的研究表明,由于氣候變暖,如果不盡快的話,世界上的海洋將會(huì)

變得更藍(lán)、更綠。再結(jié)合第三段“Butphytoplanktonarcvulnerabletotheocean'swarningtrend

Wanningchangeskeycharacteristicsoftheoceanandcanafleetphytoplanktongrowth,…”可知,

“浮游植物很容易受到海洋警告趨勢(shì)的影響,變暖改變了海洋的關(guān)鍵特征,并能影響浮游植

物的生長(zhǎng)”??芍疚闹饕忉寶夂蜃兓瘜?duì)海洋的影響。故選C。

Q麗訓(xùn)練

1、

CertainformsofAIareindeedbeingubiauitous.Forexample,algorithms(算法)carryout

hugevolumesoftradingonourfinancialmarkets,selfdrivingcarsareappearingoncitystreets,

andoursmartphonesaretranslatingfromonelanguageintoanother.Thesesystemsaresometimes

fasterandmoreperceptivethanwehumansare.Butsofarthatisonlytruefor(hespecifictasks

forwhichthesystemshavebeendesigned.ThatissomethingthatsomeAIdevelopersarenow

eagertochange.

Someoftoday'sAIpioneerswanttomoveonfromtoday'sworldof"weak"or"narrow"AI,

tocreate“strong”or“fUH”AI,orwhatisoftencalledartificialgeneralintelligence(AGI).Insome

respects,today'spowerfulpulingmachinesalreadymakeourbrainslookweak.AGIcould,its

advocatessay,workforusaround(heclock,anddrawingonallavailabledata,couldsuggest

solutionstomanyproblems.DM,apanyfocusedonthedevelopmentofAGI,hasanambitionto

4tsolveinteHigence"."Ifwe'resuccessful,“theirmissionstatementreads,“webelievethiswillbe

oneofthemostimportantandwidelybeneficialscientificadvancesevermade.”

SincetheearlydaysofAI,imaginationhasoutpacedwhatispossibleorevenprobable.In

1965,animaginativemathematiciancalledIrvingGoodpredictedtheeventualcreationofan

^ultraintclligcntmachine...thatcanfarsurpassalltheintellectual(智力的)activitiesofanyman,

howeverclever.^^Goodwentontosuggestthatulhefirstultraintelligentmachine^^couldbe”the

lastinventionthatmanneedevermake.”

Fearsabouttheappearanceofbad.powerful,manmadeintelligentmachineshavebeen

reinforced(強(qiáng)ft)bymanyworksoffiction—MaryShelley'sFrankensteinandtheTerminator

filmscries,lorexample.ButifAIdocsuvcnluallyprovelobeourdownfall,itisunlikelyK)beill

thehandsofhunianshapedformslikethese,withrecognisablyhumanmotivationssuchas

aggression(敵對(duì)行為).Instead,IagreewithOxfordUniversityphilosopherNickBostrom,who

believesthattheheaviestrisksfromAGIdonotefromadecisionloturnagainstmankindbut

ratherfromadoggedpursuitofsetobjectivesattheexpenseofeverythingelse.

ThepromiseanddangeroftrueAGIaregreat.Butalloftoday'sexciteddiscussionabout

thesepossibilitiespresupposesthetactthatwewillbeabletobuildthesesystems.And,having

spokentomanyoftheworld'sforemostAIresearchers,Ibelievethereisgoodreasontodoubtthat

wewillseeAGIanytimesoon,ifever.

9.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“ubiquitous“inParagraphIprobablymean?

A.Enormousinquantity.B.Changeabledaily.

C.Stablcinquality.D.Presenteverywhere.

10.WhatcouldAGIdoforus,accordingtoitssupporters?

A.Helptotackleproblems.B.Makebrainsmoreactive.

C.Benefitambitiouspeople,D.Setuppowerfuldatabases.

1l.AsfbrIningGood'sopiniononultraintelligentmachines,theauthoris.

A.supportiveB.disapproving

C.fearfulD.uncertain

12.WhatcanbeinferredaboutAGIfromthepassage?

A.Itmaybeonlyadream.

B.I(willeintobeingsoon.

C.Itwillbecontrolledbyhumans.

D.Itmaybemoredangerousthanever.

【答案】9.D10.All.B12.A

【分析】

這是一篇議論文。文章主要就通用人工智能(AGI)實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性進(jìn)行了論述。

9.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句后面的Forexample,algorithms(算法)carryouthuge

volumesoftradingonourfinancialmarkets,selfdrivingcarsareappearingoncitystreets,andour

smartphonesaretranslatingfromonelanguageintoanother]例如,算法在我們的金融市場(chǎng)上進(jìn)

行大量交易,自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)出現(xiàn)在城市街道上,我們的智能手機(jī)正在從一種語(yǔ)言翻譯成另一

種語(yǔ)言)可知,人工智能在我們生活中用處I分廣泛。由此推知,劃線詞所在句意為“某些形

式的人匚智能確實(shí)正在變得無(wú)處不在“,即劃線詞與D選項(xiàng)“Presenteverywhere.(在任何地方

存在)“意思接近。故選D項(xiàng)。

10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段AGIcould,itsadvocatessay,workforusaroundtheclock,and

drawingonallavailabledata,couldsuggestsolutionstomanyproblcms(AGI的倡導(dǎo)者說(shuō),AGI

可以24小時(shí)為我們工作,并利用所有可用的數(shù)據(jù),可以提出許多問(wèn)題的解決方案)可知,

AG1(通用人,智能)的倡導(dǎo)者認(rèn)為,AGI(通用人工智能)可以提出許多問(wèn)題的解決方案,幫助

我們解決問(wèn)題。因此,A選項(xiàng)“Helptotackleproblems(幫助解決問(wèn)題)”符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)。

II.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Since(heearlydaysofAI,imaginationhasoutpacedwhatis

possibleorevenprobable.In1965,animaginativemathematiciancalledIrvingGoodpredicted

theeventualcreationofan4ultraintelligentmachine...thatcanfarsurpassalltheintellectual(智力

的)activitiesofanyman,howeverclever.”(自從人工智能的早期,想象力已經(jīng)超過(guò)了可能。1965

年,一位富有想象力的數(shù)學(xué)家歐文?古德預(yù)言,最終將創(chuàng)造出一臺(tái)“超智能機(jī)器……它將遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)

超過(guò)任何一個(gè)人的智力活動(dòng),無(wú)論他有多聰明。”)可知,作者認(rèn)為IrvingGood對(duì)“超智能機(jī)

器”的想象力超出了實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能,作者并不贊成他的觀點(diǎn),,因此B項(xiàng)“disapproving(不贊成)”

符合題意。故選B項(xiàng)。

12.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句And,havingspokentomanyoftheworld'sforemostAI

researchers,IbelievethereisgoodreasontodoubtthatwewillseeAG1anytimesoon,ifever.

(而H,在與世界上許多頂尖的人工智能研究人員交談后,我相信有充分的理由懷疑我們顯

否會(huì)很快看到AGD可推斷出,通用人工智能(AGI)或許只是一個(gè)夢(mèng)想,A選項(xiàng)“Ilmaybeonly

adream(它也許僅僅是一個(gè)夢(mèng)想)”符合題意。故選擇A項(xiàng)。

2、

Rainforestsarehometoarichvarietyofmedicinalplants,food,birdsandanimals.Canyou

believethatasinglebush(灌木從)intheAmazonmayhavemorespeciesofantsthanthewhole

ofBritain!About480varietiesoftreesmaybefoundinjustonehectareofrainforest.

Rainforestsarethelungsoftheplanetstoringvastquantitiesofcarbondioxideandproducing

asignificantamountoftheworld'soxygen.Rainforestshavetheirownperfectsystemfbrensuring

theirownsurvival;thetalltreesmakeacanopy(樹(shù)冠層)ofbranchesandleaveswhichprotect

themselves,smallerplants,andtheforestanimalsfromheavyrain,intensedryheatfromthesun

andstrongwinds.

Amazingly,thetreesgrowinsuchawayihaltheirleavesandbranuhcs,allhuughulusc

together,neveractuallytouchthoseofanothertree.Scientiststhinkthisistheplants'wayto

preventthespreadofanytreediseasesandmakelifemoredifficultforleafeatinginsectslike

cateipiliars.Tosurviveintheforest,animalsmustclimb,jumporflyacross(hegaps.Theground

flooroftheforestisnotalltangledleavesandbushes,likeinfilms,butisactuallyfairlyclear.1(is

wheredeadleavesturnintofoodforthetreesandotherforestlife.

Theyarenotcalledrainforestsfornothing!Rainforestscangenerate75%oftheirownrain.At

least80inchesofrainayearisnormalandinsomeareastheremaybeasmuchas430inchesof

rainannually.Thisisrealrainyourumbrellamayprotectyouinashower,butitwon'tkeepyou

dryifthereisafullrainstorm.Injusttwohours,streamscanrisetentotwentyfeet.Thehumidity

(濕氣)oflargerainforestscontributestotheformationofraincloudsthatmaytraveltoother

countriesinneedofrain.

I.Whatcanwelearnaboutrainforestsfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Theyproduceoxygen.B.Theycoveravastarea.

C.Theyarewellmanaged.D.Theyarerichinwildlife.

2.Whichofthefollowingcontributesmosttothesurvivalofrainforests?

A.HeavyrainsB.Bigtrees.

C.Smailplants.D.Forestanimals.

3.Whydotheleavesandbranchesofdifferenttreesavoidtouchingeachother?

A.Formoresunlight.B.Formoregrowingspace.

C.Forselfprotection.D.For(hedetectionofinsects.

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.LifeGivingRainforestsB.TheLawoftheJungle

C.AnimalsintheAmazonD.WcathcrinRainforests

【答案】l.D2.B3.C4.A

【分析】

本文是說(shuō)明文。熱帶雨林被稱(chēng)為“世界上最大的藥房”,因?yàn)槌^(guò)25%的現(xiàn)代藥物是由其

植物提煉。熱帶雨林也享有“地球之肺''的美譽(yù),因其植物的光合作用凈化地球空氣的能力尤

為強(qiáng)大。僅亞馬遜熱帶雨林產(chǎn)生的氧氣就占全球氧氣總量的1/3。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Rainforestsarehometoarichvarietyofmedicinalplants,food,birds

and訓(xùn)山nds.得知,熱帶雨林蘊(yùn)藏了豐富多彩的藥用植物、食物以及鳥(niǎo)禽猛獸??芍?,熱帶

雨林有豐富的野生動(dòng)物,故選D。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Rainforestshavetheirownperfectsystemforensuringtheirown

sunival;thetalltreesmakeacanopy(樹(shù)冠層)ofbranchesandleaveswhichprotectthemselves,

smallerplants,andtheforestanimalsfromheavyrain,intensedryhealfromthesun

andstrongwinds.得知,熱帶雨林有自己完美的生存體系,高大的樹(shù)木有枝干,樹(shù)葉的樹(shù)冠

層保護(hù)樹(shù)木本身、小植物、動(dòng)物們免受大雨和太陽(yáng)強(qiáng)風(fēng)甘來(lái)的干燥熱浪的傷害??芍?,大樹(shù)

有助于熱帶雨林生存,故選B。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Scientiststhinkthisistheplants'waytopreventthespreadofanytree

diseasesandmakelifemoredifficultfbrleafealinginsectslikecaterpillars.得知,科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為這

是植物阻止任何樹(shù)木疾病擴(kuò)散和讓比如毛毛蟲(chóng)這種食用樹(shù)葉的昆蟲(chóng)難以生存??梢耘袛喑霾?/p>

同樹(shù)木的樹(shù)葉和樹(shù)枝避免彼此觸碰是為了自我保護(hù),故選Co

4.主旨大意題。本文首先講述了熱帶雨林蘊(yùn)藏了豐富多彩的藥用植物、食物以及鳥(niǎo)禽猛獸。

其次,熱帶雨林就是地球的肺——它吸納了大量的二氧化碳,并制造了全球氧氣的很大部分。

然后,雨林可以自我形成所需降雨的75%,而龐大的熱帶雨林濕氣則可以形成雨云,這些

雨云則可以飄往那些缺雨水的國(guó)家??梢耘袛喑霰疚淖罴褬?biāo)題是“給予生命的熱帶雨林”,故

選Ao

3、

Theendoftheschoolyearwasinsightandspiritswerehigh.Iwasbackteachingafteran

absenceof15years,dealingwiththevariouskindsof"forbiddenfruit"thateoutofbookbags.

Nowwasthespringofthewaterpistol.

Idecidedtothinkupamethodofdealingwithforbiddenfruit.

"Pleasebringthatpistoltome,"Isaid."I'mgoingtoputitinmyGrandma'sBox."

"What'sthat?"theyasked.

"It'salargewoodenchestfulloftoysformygrandchildren/'Ireplied,

"Youdon'thavegrandchildren,"someonesaid.

"Idon'tnow."Ireplied."ButsomedayIwill.WhenIdo,myboxwillbefullofwonderful

thingsfor(hem."

MyimaginaryGrandma'sBoxworkedlikemagicthatspring,andlater.Sometimes,students

wouldaskmetodescribeallthethingsIhadinit.ThenIwouldtrytorememberthedifferent

possessionsIsupposedlyhadtakenaway—sinceIseldomactuallykeptllicm.Usuallythe

offenderwouldappearattheendoftheday,andIwouldreturnthebelonging.

Theyearswentby,andmyfirstgrandchildGordonwasbom.Isharedmyjoywiththatyear's

class.Thensomeonesaid,"NowyoucanuseyourGrandma'sBox."Fromthenoninsteadofingto

asktheirpossessionsback,thestudentswouldsay,"That'sokay.PutilinyourGrandma'sBoxfor

Gordon."

1lovedtalkingabout:heimaginarybox,notonlywithmystudentsbutalsowithmyown

children.TheyenjoyedhearingaboutalltheforbiddenfruitIhadcollected.ThenoneChristmasI

receivedasurprisegift—alarge,beautifullymadewoodenchest.MysonBrucehadmademy

Grandma'sBoxareality.

5.Whatwastheauthor'spurposeinhavingtheconversationwiththestudents?

A.Tocollectthewaterpistol.B.Totalkabouthergrandchildren.

C.Toreniendsometoys.D.Toexplainherteachingmethod.

6.Wha(dotheunderlinedwords"theoffender"inparagraph8referto?

A.Thestudent'sparent.B.ThemaksroftheGrandma'sBox.

C.Theauthor'sgrandchild.D.Theowneroftheforbiddenfruit.

7.WhatdidthestudentsdoaftertheylearnedaboutthebirthofGordon?

A.Theywenttoplaywiththebaby.B.ThcyaskedtoseetheGrandma'sBox.

C.ThcymadeapresentforGordon.D.Thcystoppedaskingtheirtoysback.

8.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?

A.Sheenjoystellingjokes.B.Sheisastrictandsmartteacher.

C.Shelovesdoingwoodwork.D.Sheisaresponsiblegrandmother

【答案】5.A6.D7.D8.B

【分析】

這是一篇記敘文.文章主要講敘了作者為收集學(xué)生;門(mén)帶到學(xué)校的玩具,想出了一個(gè)“奶

奶的盒子”的辦法。到后來(lái),作者的第一個(gè)孫子出生,學(xué)生們也不再來(lái)要求歸還他們的財(cái)物

了,作者也在某一年圣誕節(jié)收到了兒子制作的大木箱,洛“奶奶的盒子”變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Iwasbackteachingafteranabsenceof15years,dealingwiththe

variouskindsof"forbiddenfruit"thateoutofbookbags.Nowwasthespringofthewater

pis⑹.(在缺席了15年之后,我又回到了教書(shū)的地方,處理從書(shū)包里掏出的各種各樣的“禁果”。

現(xiàn)在流行的是水槍?zhuān)币约暗谌沃?"Pleasebiingthatpistollome/Isaid.^I'mgoingtopulitin

myGrandma'sBox.'("請(qǐng)把那支水槍給我,“我說(shuō)。“我要把它放在我'奶奶的盒子‘里J')”由此

可知,作者與學(xué)生進(jìn)行對(duì)話的目的是收集水槍。故選A,

6.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“Iwouldreturnthebelonging”結(jié)合上文提到作者把學(xué)生帶到

學(xué)校的玩具稱(chēng)為“禁果”,且作者的“盒子”里裝的就是“禁果”,所以作者等到這些禁果的擁有

者在一天結(jié)束的時(shí)候出現(xiàn),然后就會(huì)歸還他們的物品。由此可知,劃線詞意思為“禁果的擁

有者故選D。

7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Fromthenoninsteadofingtoasktheirpossessionsback,the

studentswouldsay,'That'sokay.PutitinyourGrandma'sBoxforGordon.'(從那時(shí)起,學(xué)生們不

再來(lái)要求歸還他們的財(cái)物,而是說(shuō):“沒(méi)關(guān)系。把它放在你“奶奶給戈登的盒子“里)“由此可

知,學(xué)生們?cè)诘弥烁甑堑某錾?,他們不再索要玩具。故選D。

8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章中作者要收集學(xué)生們從書(shū)包里掏出的各種各樣的“禁果”,說(shuō)明作者

對(duì)待學(xué)生很?chē)?yán)格;同時(shí)作者又想出了“奶奶的盒子”這個(gè)的方法來(lái)收集學(xué)生們的玩具,說(shuō)明作

者很聰明,由此可推知,作者是一個(gè)嚴(yán)格而聰明的老師。故選B。

4、

Forthosewhocanstomachit、workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialfor

healththaneatingfirst,accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.

Athletesandscientistshavelongknownthatmealtimingaffectsperformance.However,far

lesshasbeenknownabouthowmealtimingandexercisemightaffectgeneralhealth.

Tofindout,Britishscientistsconductedastudy.Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactive

butotherwisehealthyyoungmen,whoselifestylesare,forbelterandworse,representativeof

thoseofmostofus.Theytestedthemen'sfitnessandrestingmetabolic(新陳代謝的)ratesand

tooksamples(樣品)oftheirbloodandfattissue.

Then,ontwoseparatemorningvisitstothescientists'lab,eachmanwalkedfbranhouratan

averagespeedthat,intheory,shouldallowhisbodytorelymainlyonfatforfuel.Beforeoneof

theseworkouts,themenskippedbreakfast,meaningthattheyexercisedonapletelyempty

stomachafteralongovernightfast(禁食).Ontheotheroccasion,theyatearichmorningmeal

abouttwohoursbeforetheystartedwalking.

Justbeforeandanhcuraftereachworkout,thescientiststookadditionalsamplesofthe

men'sbloodandfattissue.

Tlicutheyparedthesamples.Therewereuonsidciablcdifferences.Musiobviously,llicmen

displayedlowerbloodsugarlevelsatthestartoftheirworkoutswhentheyhadskippedbreakfast

thanwhentheyhadeaten.Asaresult,theyburnedmorefatduringwalksonanemptystomach

thanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand,theyburnedslightlymorecalorics(卡路里),on

average,duringtheworkouiafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.

Butitwastheeffectsdeepwithinthefatcellsthatmayhavebeenthemostsignificant,the

researchersfound.Multiplegenesbehaveddifterently,dependingonwhethersomeonehadeaten

ornotbeforewalking.Manyofthesegenesproduceproteins(蛋白質(zhì))thatcanimproveblood

sugarregulationandinsulin(胰島素)levelsthroughoutthebodyandsoareassociatedwith

improvedmetabolichealth.Thesegenesweremuchmoreactivewhenthemenhadfastedbefore

exercisethanwhentheyhadbreakfasted.

Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,it

maybewisetoskipeatingfirst.

13.Theunderlinedexpression“stomachit”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans"

A.digestthemealeasilyB.managewithoutbreakfast

C.decidewiselywhattoeatD.eatwhateverisoffered

14.Whywerethe10peoplechosenfortheexperiment?

A.Theirlifestylesweretypicalofordinarypeople.

B.Thcirlackofexerciseledtooverweight.

C.Theycouldwalkalanaveragespeed.

D.Theyhadslowmetabolicrates.

15.Whathappenedtothosewhoatebreakfastbeforeexercise?

A.Theysuccessfullylostweight.B.Theyconsumedabitmorecalories.

C.Theyburnedmorefatonaverage.D.Theydisplayedhigherinsulinlevels.

16.Whatcouldbelearnedfromtheresearch?

A.Aworkoutafterbreakfastimprovesgeneperformances.

B.Toomuchworkoutoftenslowsmetabolicrates.

C.Lifestyleisnotasimportantasmorningexercise.

D.Physicalexercisebeforebreakfastisbetterforhealth.

【答案】I3.B14.A15.BI6.D

【分析】

本文是說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究,結(jié)果表明對(duì)于那些能忍受的人來(lái)說(shuō),不吃早餐鍛

煉可能對(duì)健康更有益。

13.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文workingoutbeforebreakfastn:aybemorebeneficialforhealththan

eatingfirst可知,早餐前鍛煉可能比先吃飯?jiān)馘憻拰?duì)健康更有益,因此推斷這里說(shuō)的是那些

不吃早飯先鍛煉的人,因此推斷劃線詞與B項(xiàng)“不吃早飯能應(yīng)付”意思相近。故選B。

14.細(xì)節(jié)埋解題。根據(jù)第二段的Theyfirstiound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthy

youngmen,whoselifestylesarefarbetterandworse,representativeofthoseofmostofus.可知,

他們首先找到了10個(gè)超重的,不活躍但健康的年輕人,他們的生活方式可以說(shuō)更好,也可

以說(shuō)更糟,代表了我們大多數(shù)人。因此可知,實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)選擇的10個(gè)人的生活方式代表了普通

人。故選Ao

15.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段的Asaresult,theyburnedmorefatduringwalksonanempty

stomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand,theyburnedslightlymorecalories(卡

路里),onaverage,duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.可知,結(jié)果,他們空腹散

步時(shí)燃燒的脂肪比他們首先吃東西時(shí)所燃燒的脂肪要多。另一方面。平均而言,他們?cè)谠?/p>

餐后鍛煉時(shí)燃燒的卡路里略多于禁食后。因此可知,鍛煉前吃早飯消耗更多一點(diǎn)的熱量。故

選Bo

16.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealth

benefitsfromexercise,itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.可知,這些結(jié)果的暗示,為了從運(yùn)動(dòng)中

獲得最大的健康益處,先不吃東西可能更明智。因此推斷早飯前的體育鍛煉對(duì)健康更有益。

故選D。

5、

ClaireWyatt,a24yearoldBritishvolunteer,ledeightCambodianslivingwithdisabilitieson

a155milcbikeridefromPhnomPenh,thenat沁n'scapital,toSiemReaptoraisemoneyand

deliversuppliestothoseinneedinthecoronaviruspandemic(新冠病毒大流行).

“Leadingthistripwasanincrediblyspecialexperiencetorme,“saidClaire.uNotonlywasI

encouragedbythedeterminationofeachandeveryrider,butalsotheteamtaughtmeeveryday

nottofbcusontheirdisability.^^

Whenshewasfirstaskedtoleadthetrip.Claireadmitted,shewasfeelingnenousabouther

teamtravelingsuchadistanceinjustafewdaysbecausecyclingwithadisabilitycanewith

addedphysicalandcmolioikiluhallcngcs.

OneteammembernamedDy,wholostanarminanaccident,bikedusingjustonearmto

balance.AnothernamedVultacouldonlypedalononesideduetopolio(小兒麻痹).Despiteall

thedifficulties,Clairerealizedquicklythatshedidn'thavetoworryaboutherteam.Shesawthem

dealwithroughareathatshehadseenabledcyclistsgiveuponbefore.

Thevolunteerscoveredthedistanceinjustfourdays,notonlyhelpingsomanypeopleacross

thecountry,butalsooveringhugedifficultiestogetthere.

“Thebestthingaboutthisrideisthattheridershaveallvolunteeredtheirtimetodothis.

TheyaresoenthusiasticaboutCambodiaandraisingmoneyfbrothersinneed,^^saidClaire."The

moneyraisedwillfeed99familiesinSiemReap.”

Clairerecalledherfavoritemomentoftheexperience,whenoneofthecyclistspushedan

exhaustedteammateupahillfbr2miles."OnemomentthatstoodoutfbrmewaswhenNarct,our

onlyfemalerider,wasfeelingtired,“shesaid."Herfellowridergentlyputhishandonherback

andpushedherfbr2miles!Theywereencouragingeachothertopushthroughthetiredness?'

1.WhydidClaireandeightCambodianscycle155miles?

A.Tbchallengethemselves.B.Tohelpoutneedypeople.

C.Totakepartinapetition.D.Toraisemoneyforthedisabled.

2.WhatworriedClairebefcretheride?

A.Shemightbeinjuredontheroad.

B.Shewouldbeunabletoleadtheteam.

C.Herteammightbelookeddownon.

D.Herteamcouldn'tfinishtheroute.

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheteam?

A.Confident,calmandfriendly.

B.Honest,patientandopenininded.

C.Strongminded,braveandcaring.

D.Curious,crea

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