2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解沖刺試卷，提高閱讀理解力考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷PartAReadingComprehensionDirections:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneTheriseofthegigeconomy,characterizedbyshort-termcontractsorfreelanceworkasopposedtopermanentjobs,hasbeenoneofthemostsignificantlabormarkettransformationsinrecentdecades.Fueledbydigitalplatformsthatconnectserviceproviderswithconsumers,industriesfromtransportationtoconsultinghavewitnessedasurgeingigworkers.Proponentsarguethatthegigeconomyoffersunparalleledflexibility,allowingindividualstomanagetheirownschedulesandchooseprojectsalignedwiththeirinterestsandskills.Itisoftenportrayedasamodernsolutionforarapidlychangingworld,providingopportunitiesforthosewhothriveonautonomyandvariety.However,thedownsidesofthisshiftareincreasinglycomingunderscrutiny.Amajorconcernisthelackofjobsecurityandbenefitstraditionallyassociatedwithpermanentemployment.Gigworkersoftenfaceuncertaintyaboutincomefromonemonthtothenextandlackaccesstohealthinsurance,retirementplans,andpaidleave.Thisprecariousnesscanleadtosignificantfinancialstressandanxiety.Moreover,theveryflexibilitythatiscelebratedcanbecomeadouble-edgedsword.Theconstantneedtofindnewgigstosustainincomecanleadtoburnout,whiletheabsenceofastableworkenvironmentmayhinderprofessionaldevelopmentandlong-termcareerplanning.Theregulatorylandscapeforgigworkersisalsocomplexandevolving.Governmentsworldwidearegrapplingwithhowtoclassifygigworkers—whetherasemployeesentitledtocertainprotectionsorasindependentcontractorswithfewerrights.Thisambiguitycreateslegalchallengesforbothworkersandcompanies.Platformsarguethatclassifyingworkersasemployeeswouldstifleinnovationandincreaseoperationalcosts.Ontheotherhand,workersadvocateforgreaterprotections,arguingthatthenatureoftheirworkoftenresemblestraditionalemploymentdespiteplatformclassifications.Theoutcomeofthesedebateswillhaveprofoundimplicationsforthefutureofworkandthewell-beingofmillionsofpeople.Questions:1.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheprimarycharacteristicofthegigeconomy?2.Whataresomeoftheadvantagesproponentshighlightforindividualsworkinginthegigeconomy?3.Theword"precariousness"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)UnpredictabilityB)SecurityC)InstabilityD)Diversity4.Whatisthemainpointofthethirdparagraph?5.Whatdoesthefutureofthegigeconomydependon,accordingtothepassage?PassageTwoClimatechangepresentsanunprecedentedchallengetoglobalfoodsecurity.Risingglobaltemperatures,shiftingweatherpatterns,andincreasedfrequencyofextremeweathereventsaredisruptingagriculturalproductionsystemsworldwide.Inmanydevelopingcountries,smallholderfarmers,whorelyheavilyonrain-fedagriculture,areparticularlyvulnerable.Changesintemperatureandprecipitationcanleadtoreducedcropyields,increasedpestinfestations,andthespreadofplantdiseases,threateningfoodsuppliesandlivelihoods.Adaptingtothesechangesrequiressignificantinvestmentandinnovation.Technologiessuchasdrought-resistantcrops,improvedirrigationsystems,andenhancedweatherforecastingcanhelpmitigatesomeoftheimpacts.However,theimplementationofthesesolutionsisoftenhinderedbylimitedresources,lackofaccesstotechnology,andinadequatepolicysupport.Furthermore,theeffectsofclimatechangearenotevenlydistributed.Regionsalreadyfacingwaterscarcitymayexperienceevenmoresevereshortages,whileothersmightfaceincreasedrisksofflooding,furthercomplicatingagriculturalplanning.Sustainableagriculturalpracticesalsoplayacrucialroleinaddressingfoodsecuritychallenges.Techniquessuchasagroforestry,conservationagriculture,andintegratedpestmanagementcanimprovesoilhealth,conservewater,andreducerelianceonchemicalinputs.Thesemethodsnotonlyenhanceproductivitybutalsocontributetoclimatechangemitigationbysequesteringcarbon.Encouragingtheiradoptionrequireseducation,training,andincentivesforfarmers.Additionally,reducingfoodwastethroughoutthesupplychain—fromproductiontoconsumption—isessential.Itisestimatedthatasignificantportionoffoodproducedgloballyislostorwasted,representingbothaneconomicandenvironmentalburden.Questions:6.Whatisthemainissuediscussedinthepassageregardingglobalfoodsecurity?7.Whichgroupofpeopleismostvulnerabletotheimpactsofclimatechangeonagriculture,accordingtothepassage?8.Theword"mitigate"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)ExacerbateB)SolveC)ReduceD)Cause9.Whataresomeexamplesofsustainableagriculturalpracticesmentionedinthepassage?10.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttheroleofreducingfoodwaste?PassageThreeThedigitalagehasrevolutionizedhowweaccessandconsumeinformation,transformingeducationinprofoundways.Onlineresources,openeducationalcourses(MOOCs),andeducationalappshavemadelearningmoreaccessiblethaneverbefore,breakingdowngeographicalbarriersandofferingopportunitiesforlifelonglearning.Studentscannowchoosefromavastarrayofcoursestailoredtotheirspecificinterestsandcareergoals,oftenatafractionofthecostoftraditionaluniversityprograms.Thisdemocratizationofknowledgehasthepotentialtoempowerindividualsworldwideanddriveeconomicgrowth.However,theshifttowardsdigitallearningisnotwithoutitschallenges.Onemajorconcernisthedigitaldivide—thegapbetweenthosewhohavereliableaccesstotechnologyandtheinternet,andthosewhodonot.Thisdisparitycanexacerbateeducationalinequalities,leavingunderservedcommunitiesandmarginalizedgroupsfurtherbehind.Additionally,thequalityandcredibilityofonlineresourcescanvarywidely.Withoutproperguidance,studentsmaystruggletodiscerncredibleinformationfrommisinformation,potentiallycompromisingthelearningprocess.Anotherchallengeisthepotentialforsocialisolationandtheerosionoftraditionallearningenvironments.Face-to-faceinteractionswithinstructorsandpeersarecrucialforcollaborativelearning,criticalthinking,andthedevelopmentofsocialskills.Whileonlineplatformsofferwaystoconnect,theymaynotfullyreplicatethedynamicsofaphysicalclassroom.Furthermore,theabilitytofocusandself-motivateisessentialforsuccessfulonlinelearning,whichcanbedifficultforsomestudents.Thelackofdirectsupervisioncanleadtoprocrastinationanddecreasedengagement.Questions:11.Whatisthemainbenefitofdigitallearninghighlightedinthepassage?12.Whatisthe"digitaldivide"mentionedinthesecondparagraph,andwhatisitspotentialimpact?13.Theword"erode"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)StrengthenB)DamageC)ExpandD)Improve14.Whataresomeadvantagesoftraditionalface-to-facelearningthatonlineeducationmaylack?15.Whatisakeypersonalqualityneededforsuccessfulonlinelearning,accordingtothepassage?PassageFourTheconceptof"hygge"(pronouncedhoo-gah),aDanishtermthatroughlytranslatestocozinessorcomfort,hasgainedinternationalpopularityasacounterpointtotherelentlesspaceandstressofmodernlife.OriginatingfromNordicculture,hyggeemphasizescreatingawarm,inviting,andcomfortableatmospherethroughsimplepleasuresandhumanconnection.Itisaboutfindingjoyinthesmallmomentsandvaluingqualitytimespentwithlovedones,oftenindoors,surroundedbysoftlighting,comfortablefurnishings,andperhapsacupofhotchocolateortea.Practicinghyggeinvolvesintentionalactsofcreatingcomfortandsimplicity.Thiscanincludedeclutteringlivingspacestofosterasenseofcalm,lightingcandlesorusingsoftlightingtocreateawarmambiance,andpreparinghomemademealsortreatstosharewithothers.Italsoextendstoengaginginrelaxingactivitiessuchasreading,listeningtomusic,ortakinglongbaths.Theemphasisisonmindfulnessandbeingpresentinthemoment,ratherthanconstantproductivityorconsumption.Theappealofhyggeliesinitsabilitytoprovideamentalescapefromthepressuresofdailylife.Inaworldoftencharacterizedbyhustleandbustle,hyggeoffersaremindertoslowdown,appreciatethesimplethings,andprioritizewell-being.Researchhasevensuggestedlinksbetweenpracticesassociatedwithhyggeandimprovedmentalhealthoutcomes,suchasreducedstressandincreasedfeelingsofhappiness.WhileitsrootsareinDanishculture,theprinciplesofhyggehaveresonatedglobally,offeringauniversalapproachtocultivatingcomfort,connection,andcontentment.Questions:16.WhatistheprimarymeaningoftheDanishword"hygge"?17.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomewayshyggeispracticed?18.Theword"ambiance"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)NoiseB)DecorationC)AtmosphereD)Activity19.Whatisthemainbenefitthathyggeoffersinmodernlife?20.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttherelationshipbetweenhyggeandmentalhealth?---試卷答案PartAReadingComprehensionQuestions:1.C**解析思路：*題目問“文章中描述的零工經(jīng)濟(jì)的首要特征是什么？”。通讀第一段，開篇即點明“零工經(jīng)濟(jì)的特點是短期合同或自由職業(yè)，而不是永久性工作”，并多次強(qiáng)調(diào)“靈活性”（flexibility），如“unparalleledflexibility”、“選擇與興趣和技能相符的項目”（chooseprojectsalignedwiththeirinterestsandskills）。因此，C)"Flexibility"(靈活性)是最核心的特征。2.A**解析思路：*題目問“支持者強(qiáng)調(diào)零工經(jīng)濟(jì)對個人的一些什么優(yōu)勢？”。第一段后半部分論述了支持者的觀點，明確提到靈活性允許個人“管理自己的時間表”（managetheirownschedules）并“選擇與興趣和技能相符的項目”（chooseprojectsalignedwiththeirinterestsandskills）。A)"Theabilitytomanageone'sownscheduleandchooseprojectsbasedonpersonalinterestsandskills"(能夠管理自己的時間表并根據(jù)自己的興趣和技能選擇項目)概括了這些優(yōu)勢。3.C**解析思路：*題目問“第二段中的單詞'precariousness'與以下哪個詞最接近意思？”。根據(jù)上下文，“precariousness”描述的是零工工作缺乏保障和穩(wěn)定性的狀態(tài)，“constantneedtofindnewgigstosustainincome”（不斷尋找新工作以維持收入）和“absenceofastableworkenvironment”（缺乏穩(wěn)定的工作環(huán)境）都暗示了不穩(wěn)定和不安全感。C)"Instability"(不穩(wěn)定性)與此意思最接近。4.D**解析思路：*題目問“第三段的主要觀點是什么？”。第三段主要討論了關(guān)于零工工作法律分類的復(fù)雜性和爭議，包括平臺和工人對于“員工”或“獨立承包商”身份的不同看法以及由此產(chǎn)生的法律挑戰(zhàn)。D)"Thedebateoverthelegalclassificationofgigworkersanditsimplications"(關(guān)于零工工作法律分類的辯論及其影響)概括了這一核心內(nèi)容。5.C**解析思路：*題目問“根據(jù)文章，零工經(jīng)濟(jì)的未來取決于什么？”。第三段結(jié)尾指出，“這些辯論的結(jié)果將對工作的未來和數(shù)百萬人的福祉產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響”。這里的“辯論”指的是前文提到的關(guān)于零工工作法律分類的辯論。因此，C)"Theoutcomeofthelegalclassificationdebates"(法律分類辯論的結(jié)果)是正確答案。6.A**解析思路：*題目問“文章中討論的關(guān)于全球糧食安全的主要問題是什么？”。第一段直接指出“氣候變化是全球糧食安全面臨的一個前所未有的挑戰(zhàn)”。隨后段落都在圍繞氣候變化對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的負(fù)面影響展開。因此，A)"Climatechange"(氣候變化)是核心問題。7.B**解析思路：*題目問“根據(jù)文章，哪個人群對氣候變化的農(nóng)業(yè)影響最為脆弱？”。第一段明確提到“在許多發(fā)展中國家，依賴雨養(yǎng)農(nóng)業(yè)的小農(nóng)特別脆弱”。B)"Smallholderfarmersindevelopingcountries"(發(fā)展中國家的中小農(nóng)戶)是文中指出的最脆弱群體。8.C**解析思路：*題目問“第二段中的單詞'mitigate'與以下哪個詞最接近意思？”。該詞出現(xiàn)在討論如何應(yīng)對氣候變化對農(nóng)業(yè)影響的句子中，“Technologiessuchas...canhelpmitigatesomeoftheimpacts”（例如...的技術(shù)可以幫助減輕一些影響）。結(jié)合上下文，“mitigate”意為減輕、緩和某種負(fù)面影響。C)"Reduce"(減少)在此語境下意思最接近。9.A,B,D**解析思路：*題目問“文章中提到的一些可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)實踐有哪些？”。第二段提到了“保護(hù)性農(nóng)業(yè)”（conservationagriculture）和“綜合蟲害管理”（integratedpestmanagement），D)包含了這兩項。第三段提到了“農(nóng)林復(fù)合系統(tǒng)”（agroforestry）。A)"Agroforestry,conservationagriculture,andintegratedpestmanagement"(農(nóng)林復(fù)合系統(tǒng)、保護(hù)性農(nóng)業(yè)和綜合蟲害管理)是文中提到的實踐。10.B**解析思路：*題目問“文章暗示了減少糧食浪費在糧食安全中扮演什么角色？”。第三段最后一句指出，“據(jù)估計，全球有相當(dāng)一部分生產(chǎn)的食物在從生產(chǎn)到消費的整個供應(yīng)鏈中都被浪費或丟棄，這代表著既是經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)也是環(huán)境負(fù)擔(dān)”。這表明減少浪費可以“緩解經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)和環(huán)境負(fù)擔(dān)”。B)"Alleviateeconomicandenvironmentalburdens"(減輕經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境負(fù)擔(dān))符合文意。11.A**解析思路：*題目問“文章中強(qiáng)調(diào)的數(shù)字學(xué)習(xí)的首要好處是什么？”。第一段開頭即指出“數(shù)字時代徹底改變了我們獲取和消費信息的方式，深刻地改變了教育”，并多次強(qiáng)調(diào)其“民主化知識”（democratizationofknowledge）和“打破地理障礙”（breakingdowngeographicalbarriers）的特點。A)"Democratizationofknowledgeandincreasedaccessibility"(知識的民主化和可及性增加)是最核心的好處。12.A**解析思路：*題目問“第二段中提到的‘?dāng)?shù)字鴻溝’是什么，它可能產(chǎn)生什么影響？”。該段明確定義是“擁有可靠的技術(shù)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入與那些沒有可靠的技術(shù)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入的人之間的差距”。緊接著指出，“這種差距可能會加劇教育不平等，使服務(wù)不足的社區(qū)和邊緣化群體進(jìn)一步落后”。因此，A)"Thegapbetweenthosewithandwithoutreliableaccesstotechnologyandtheinternet,potentiallyexacerbatingeducationalinequalities"(擁有和沒有可靠技術(shù)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入的人之間的差距，可能加劇教育不平等)概括了定義和影響。13.B**解析思路：*題目問“第三段中的單詞'erode'在此語境中最接近哪個詞的意思？”。該詞出現(xiàn)在討論在線學(xué)習(xí)可能“削弱”傳統(tǒng)面對面學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境的句子中，“Face-to-faceinteractions...arecrucialforcollaborativelearning...”。結(jié)合“crucial”（至關(guān)重要的）和“dynamics”（動態(tài)），可以推斷“erode”在此意為損害、削弱。B)"Damage"(損害)是最接近的意思。14.A,C**解析思路：*題目問“文章指出傳統(tǒng)面對面學(xué)習(xí)有哪些在線教育可能缺乏的優(yōu)勢？”。第三段對比了在線學(xué)習(xí)和面對面學(xué)習(xí)，指出面對面互動對“協(xié)作學(xué)習(xí)”（collaborativelearning）和“批判性思維”（criticalthinking）至關(guān)重要，并且能夠促進(jìn)“社交技能”（socialskills）的發(fā)展。A)"Collaborativelearningandthedevelopmentofsocialskills"(協(xié)作學(xué)習(xí)和社交技能的發(fā)展)以及C)"Face-to-faceinteractionwithinstructorsandpeers"(與老師和同學(xué)的面對面交流)是文中提到的優(yōu)勢。15.D**解析思路：*題目問“根據(jù)文章，成功進(jìn)行在線學(xué)習(xí)需要什么樣的個人品質(zhì)？”。第三段提到，在線學(xué)習(xí)需要“專注力”（abilitytofocus）和“自我激勵”（self-motivation），因為缺乏直接監(jiān)督可能導(dǎo)致“拖延”和“參與度降低”。D)"Theabilitytofocusa