2025年考研英語(yǔ)（一）閱讀理解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練：快速閱讀與信息提取技巧考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷PartIReadingComprehensionDirections:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Passage1Therapidpaceoftechnologicalchangeinthe21stcenturyhasprofoundlyimpactedthewaywework,learn,andinteract.Whilemanyviewtheseadvancementsaspredominantlybeneficial,fosteringgreaterefficiencyandconnectivity,criticsraiseconcernsaboutpotentialdownsides,includingjobdisplacementandtheerosionofdeephumanconnections.Thisdichotomyreflectsabroadersocietaltensionbetweenprogressanditshumancost.Theriseofartificialintelligence,automation,anddigitalplatformshasundeniablyrevolutionizedindustries,transformingtasksthatwereoncetime-consumingintomeremomentsofoperation.Fromautomatedcustomerservicebotshandlinginquiriestosophisticatedalgorithmscuratingouronlinecontentfeeds,technologystreamlinesprocessesandenhancesproductivityonanunprecedentedscale.Proponentsarguethatthisliberationfrommundanetasksallowshumanstofocusonhigher-orderthinking,creativity,andproblem-solving,ultimatelyleadingtomorefulfillingworkandpersonallives.However,thisveryefficiencygeneratesanxiety.Thesameautomationthatcreatesvaluecanalsorendercertainjobsobsolete,forcingworkersintoretrainingorfacingunemployment.Thedisplacementofhumanlabourbymachines,particularlyinmanufacturingandroutinecognitivetasks,posessignificanteconomicandsocialchallenges,demandingrobustsupportsystemsforthosedisplaced.Furthermore,theeaseandspeedofdigitalcommunicationoftencomeattheexpenseofqualityinteraction.Instantmessagingandsocialmedia,whileconnectingusacrossvastdistances,canfostersuperficialengagement,replacingdeeper,moremeaningfulconversations.Theconstantbarrageofinformationandthepressuretoremainperpetuallyavailablecanleadtocognitiveoverloadandadeclineinfocusedattentionspans.Thedigitalrealm,designedforefficiency,sometimesinadvertentlyencouragesshallownessinhumanconnection.Navigatingthiscomplexlandscaperequiresaconsciousefforttoharnessthebenefitsoftechnologywhilemitigatingitspotentialharms.Strikingabalancebetweenleveragingtechnologicaladvancementsforprogressandpreservingthedepthofhumanexperienceiscrucialforasustainableandfulfillingfutureinthedigitalage.Wemustcultivatedigitalliteracynotjustintermsofusage,butalsoinunderstandingtheimplicationsofthetechnologiesweadopt,ensuringtheyservehumanityratherthanovershadowingouressentialconnectionsandvalues.Questions:1.Theword"profoundly"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.2.Accordingtothepassage,whatisamajorargumentinfavoroftechnologicaladvancements?3.Whatspecificexampledoestheauthorgivetoillustratetheimpactoftechnologyoncommunication?4.Thepassagesuggeststhattheriseofdigitalcommunicationmightbeassociatedwith______.5.Whatdoestheauthorimplyisnecessaryformanagingtherelationshipbetweentechnologyandhumanwell-being?Passage2Urbanization,theprocessbywhichruralareastransformintocitiesandtowns,isoneofthemostsignificantdemographicshiftsofthemodernera.Drivenbyfactorsrangingfromeconomicopportunitiestofleeingnaturaldisasters,millionsaremigratingtourbancentersinpursuitofabetterlife.Whilecitiesofferaccesstojobs,education,andhealthcare,theyalsopresentuniquechallengesthatstrainexistinginfrastructureandsocialservices.Theinfluxofpeopleputsimmensepressureonhousing,leadingtotheproliferationofinformalsettlementsortherapid,oftenunplanned,expansionofurbanboundaries.Ascitiesgrow,thedemandforwater,sanitation,andenergyincreasesexponentially,oftenoutpacingthecapacityofagingutilitysystems.Trafficcongestionbecomesadailynightmare,hinderingmobilityandproductivity.Airandnoisepollutionworsen,impactingthehealthandqualityoflifeofresidents.Beyondthephysicalinfrastructure,therapidgrowthcanoverwhelmsocialservices.Schoolsmaybecomeovercrowded,andpublichealthsystemsstruggletocopewithrisingpopulationsandpotentiallynewhealthcrises.Theconcentrationofpeopleinurbanareascanalsoexacerbatesocialinequalities,creatingstarkcontrastsbetweenaffluentneighborhoodsandimpoverishedslums.Whilecitiesareoftencentersofinnovationandculturalexchange,therapid,unmanagedgrowthcanleadtosocialfragmentationandalossofcommunitycohesion.Sustainableurbanplanning,therefore,becomesparamount.Itrequiresthoughtfulstrategiesforhousingdevelopment,efficientpublictransportationsystems,renewableenergyadoption,andtheequitabledistributionofresourcesandservices.Investingingreenspacesandpromotingmixed-usedevelopmentscanalsohelpmitigatethenegativeenvironmentalimpactsofurbanization.Ultimately,managingurbangrowtheffectivelyrequiresacollaborativeeffortbetweengovernments,planners,andcitizenstocreatevibrant,resilient,andinclusivecitiesthatcanaccommodatepopulationincreaseswithoutcompromisingthewell-beingoftheirinhabitants.Questions:6.Whatistheprimaryfocusofthepassage?7.Accordingtothetext,whataresomenegativeconsequencesofrapidurbanizationoninfrastructure?8.Theword"proliferation"inthethirdparagraphismostsimilarinmeaningto______.9.Whatissuerelatedtosocialservicesismentionedasbeingpotentiallyexacerbatedbyurbanconcentration?10.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestasakeyrequirementforhandlingthechallengesofurbangrowth?Passage3Theconceptof"mindfulness"–thepracticeofintentionallypayingattentiontothepresentmoment,oftencoupledwithnon-judgmentalawareness–hasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyears,movingfromthefringesofspiritualpracticesintomainstreampsychology,business,andhealthcare.Itspopularitystemsfromagrowingbodyofresearchdemonstratingitspotentialbenefitsformentalandphysicalwell-being.Atitscore,mindfulnessinvolvestrainingtheattentionalprocessesofthemindtofocusonthehereandnow,whetherthroughtechniqueslikemeditation,bodyscans,orsimplybringingconsciousawarenesstoeverydayactivitiessuchaseatingorwalking.Thisdeliberatefocuscontrastswiththeconstantstreamofautomaticthoughtsandworriesthatoftendominateourminds.Bycultivatingmindfulness,individualscanlearntoobservetheirthoughtsandfeelingswithoutimmediatelyreactingtothemorgettingcaughtupintheiremotionalcontent.Thispracticeisbelievedtoenhanceemotionalregulation,reducingsymptomsofanxietyanddepression.Itcanalsoimproveattention,concentration,andcognitiveflexibility.Furthermore,mindfulnesshasshownpromiseinphysicalhealthcontexts.Studiessuggestitmayhelplowerbloodpressure,improvesleepquality,andevenstrengthentheimmunesystembyreducingthestressresponse.Theworkplacehasalsoembracedmindfulnessinitiatives,recognizingitspotentialtoboostemployeewell-being,increasefocusandproductivity,andfosteramorepositiveandlessstressfulworkenvironment.Whilethescientificevidencesupportingmindfulnessisencouraging,itseffectivenesscanvaryamongindividuals,anditisnotapanaceaforallmentalhealthissues.Aswithanypractice,consistencyandgenuineengagementarekeytoreapingitsbenefits.Integratingmindfulnessintodailyliferequirescommitment,butthepotentialrewardsformentalclarity,emotionalbalance,andoverallhealthmakeitavaluabletoolinourquestforwell-beinginafast-pacedworld.Questions:11.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?12.Accordingtothetext,whatisafundamentalaspectofthemindfulnesspractice?13.Thepassagesuggeststhatmindfulnesscanhelpwithwhichofthefollowing?14.Theword"cultivating"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.15.Whatdoesthepassageimplyabouttheintegrationofmindfulnessintodailylife?Passage4Theglobalfoodsystem,encompassingtheentiresequencefromfarmtofork,facesnumerousinterconnectedchallengesinthe21stcentury.Climatechangeposesasignificantthreat,alteringweatherpatternsandincreasingthefrequencyofextremeeventslikedroughtsandfloods,whichdirectlyimpactcropyieldsandlivestockhealth.Simultaneously,thegrowingglobalpopulationexertsimmensepressureonagriculturalresources,demandingincreasedfoodproductionoftenattheexpenseofenvironmentalsustainability.Unsustainablefarmingpractices,suchasexcessiveuseoffertilizersandpesticides,conversionofnaturalhabitatsintofarmland,andoverfishing,havedegradedsoilquality,pollutedwaterways,anddepletedbiodiversity,threateningthelong-termviabilityofourfoodsources.Furthermore,issuesoffooddistributionandequityremainprofoundglobalproblems.Whilesufficientfoodisproducedglobally,disparitiesinaccessandaffordabilitymeanthatmillionssufferfromhungerandmalnutrition.Wastealongthefoodchain,fromfarmtoconsumer,isalsoacriticalconcern,withsignificantquantitiesofediblefoodbeinglostordiscarded,exacerbatingfoodinsecurityandenvironmentalimpact.Addressingthesemultifacetedchallengesrequiresaholisticandinnovativeapproach.Technologicaladvancements,suchasprecisionagriculture,geneticengineeringfordroughtresistance,andimprovedstorageandlogistics,canenhanceproductivityandreducewaste.Shiftingtowardsmoresustainablediets,potentiallyincorporatinglessresource-intensivefoodsandreducingmeatconsumptioninsomecontexts,canlowertheenvironmentalfootprintoffoodproduction.Improvingfoodstorage,distributionnetworks,andsocialsafetynetsiscrucialforensuringfoodsecurityandreducinghunger.Collaborationacrosssectors–betweenfarmers,policymakers,scientists,businesses,andconsumers–isessentialtodevelopandimplementeffectivesolutions.Ultimately,transformingtheglobalfoodsystemintoonethatismoresustainable,resilient,equitable,andefficientisimperativeforensuringfoodsecurityforcurrentandfuturegenerationswhilepreservingtheplanet'shealth.Questions:16.Whatcentralissuedoesthepassageaddress?17.Accordingtothetext,whataretwosignificantenvironmentalchallengesfacingagriculture?18.Thephrase"attheexpenseof"inthethirdparagraphsuggeststhatincreasedfoodproductionhasofteninvolved______.19.Whatproblemishighlightedbythefactthat"sufficientfoodisproducedglobally"?20.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestisnecessaryforcreatingamoresustainablefoodsystem?試卷答案PartIReadingComprehensionQuestions:1.C*解析思路：根據(jù)第一段第一句“Therapidpaceoftechnologicalchange...hasprofoundlyimpactedthewaywework,learn,andinteract.”，profoundly意為“深刻地，極大地”。選項(xiàng)中，C選項(xiàng)（deeply）與原意最接近。2.A*解析思路：根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句“Proponentsarguethatthisliberationfrommundanetasksallowshumanstofocusonhigher-orderthinking,creativity,andproblem-solving,ultimatelyleadingtomorefulfillingworkandpersonallives.”，支持者認(rèn)為技術(shù)解放了人們kh?i日常繁瑣的任務(wù)，使人能專注于高階思維、創(chuàng)造力和解決問題，最終帶來更有意義的工作和個(gè)人生活。A選項(xiàng)（Itallowshumanstofocusonhigher-orderthinking,creativity,andproblem-solving.）概括了此意。3.D*解析思路：根據(jù)第一段第五句“Fromautomatedcustomerservicebotshandlinginquiriestosophisticatedalgorithmscuratingouronlinecontentfeeds,technologystreamlinesprocessesandenhancesproductivityonanunprecedentedscale.”和第六句“Theconstantbarrageofinformationandthepressuretoremainperpetuallyavailablecanleadtocognitiveoverloadandadeclineinfocusedattentionspans.”，自動(dòng)客服機(jī)器人處理詢問和算法整理在線內(nèi)容feeds都屬于數(shù)字領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)應(yīng)用，是溝通的例子。D選項(xiàng)（Automatedcustomerservicebotsandsophisticatedalgorithms.）涵蓋了文中提到的兩個(gè)具體例子。4.B*解析思路：根據(jù)第一段第六句“Theconstantbarrageofinformationandthepressuretoremainperpetuallyavailablecanleadtocognitiveoverloadandadeclineinfocusedattentionspans.”，數(shù)字信息的大量涌入和保持持續(xù)在線的壓力可能導(dǎo)致認(rèn)知過載和專注力下降，暗示了溝通可能變得表面化、缺乏深度。B選項(xiàng)（Superficialengagement/Adeclineinfocusedattentionspans.）符合此意。superficialengagement（表面化交往）是深層含義的對(duì)應(yīng)。5.E*解析思路：根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Wemustcultivatedigitalliteracynotjustintermsofusage,butalsoinunderstandingtheimplicationsofthetechnologiesweadopt,ensuringtheyservehumanityratherthanovershadowingouressentialconnectionsandvalues.”，作者認(rèn)為需要培養(yǎng)數(shù)字素養(yǎng)，不僅要知道如何使用技術(shù)，還要理解其影響，確保技術(shù)服務(wù)于人類，而不是取代我們基本的人際交往和價(jià)值觀。E選項(xiàng)（Developingdigitalliteracytounderstandandmanagetheimpactoftechnology.）概括了此意。6.A*解析思路：根據(jù)文章首段“Urbanization...isoneofthemostsignificantdemographicshiftsofthemodernera.”和末段“Sustainableurbanplanning,therefore,becomesparamount.”，文章核心是討論城市化這一現(xiàn)象及其帶來的挑戰(zhàn)和應(yīng)對(duì)策略。A選項(xiàng)（Thechallengesandimplicationsofurbanization.）最能概括主旨。7.B*解析思路：根據(jù)第三段第二句“Ascitiesgrow,thedemandforwater,sanitation,andenergyincreasesexponentially,oftenoutpacingthecapacityofagingutilitysystems.”，城市增長(zhǎng)導(dǎo)致對(duì)水、衛(wèi)生和能源的需求呈指數(shù)級(jí)增長(zhǎng)，常常超過老化公用設(shè)施系統(tǒng)的承載能力。B選項(xiàng)（Anincreaseddemandoutstrippinginfrastructurecapacity.）概括了此意。8.C*解析思路：根據(jù)第三段第三句“Theinfluxofpeopleputsimmensepressureonhousing,leadingtotheproliferationofinformalsettlementsortherapid,oftenunplanned,expansionofurbanboundaries.”，proliferation意為“迅速增多，激增”。選項(xiàng)中，C選項(xiàng)（Spread/Increaserapidly.）與原意最接近。9.D*解析思路：根據(jù)第四段第二句“Beyondthephysicalinfrastructure,therapidgrowthcanoverwhelmsocialservices.Schoolsmaybecomeovercrowded,andpublichealthsystemsstruggletocopewithrisingpopulationsandpotentiallynewhealthcrises.”，快速增長(zhǎng)可能使社會(huì)服務(wù)系統(tǒng)不堪重負(fù)，其中提到學(xué)校可能人滿為患，公共衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)難以應(yīng)對(duì)不斷增長(zhǎng)的人口和潛在的新健康危機(jī)。D選項(xiàng)（Strugglingtocopewithrisingpopulationandhealthneeds.）概括了此意。10.F*解析思路：根據(jù)文章末段最后一句“Ultimately,managingurbangrowtheffectivelyrequiresacollaborativeeffortbetweengovernments,planners,andcitizenstocreatevibrant,resilient,andinclusivecitiesthatcanaccommodatepopulationincreaseswithoutcompromisingthewell-beingoftheirinhabitants.”，有效管理城市增長(zhǎng)需要政府、規(guī)劃者和公民之間的協(xié)作努力。F選項(xiàng)（Collaborationamongvariousstakeholders.）符合此意。11.B*解析思路：根據(jù)文章首段“...theconceptof'mindfulness'...hasgainedsignificanttraction...movingfromthefringesofspiritualpracticesintomainstreampsychology,business,andhealthcare.”和末段“...makeitavaluabletoolinourquestforwell-being...”，文章主要討論的是正念的概念及其流行、益處以及在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中的應(yīng)用。B選項(xiàng)（Thepracticeandbenefitsofmindfulness.）最能概括主旨。12.A*解析思路：根據(jù)第二段第二句“Thecoreofmindfulnessinvolvestrainingtheattentionalprocessesofthemindtofocusonthehereandnow...”，正念的核心是訓(xùn)練心智的注意力過程，專注于此時(shí)此刻。A選項(xiàng)（Focusingintentionallyonthepresentmoment.）概括了此意。13.C*解析思路：根據(jù)第三段第三句“...enhanceemotionalregulation,reducingsymptomsofanxietyanddepression.”和第四句“...improvesleepquality,andevenstrengthentheimmunesystembyreducingthestressresponse.”，正念被認(rèn)為可以改善情緒調(diào)節(jié)，減少焦慮和抑郁癥狀，改善睡眠質(zhì)量，甚至通過減少壓力反應(yīng)來增強(qiáng)免疫系統(tǒng)。C選項(xiàng)（Improvingemotionalregulationandphysicalhealth.）概括了其益處之一。14.E*解析思路：根據(jù)第三段第三句“Bycultivatingmindfulness,individualscanlearntoobservetheirthoughtsandfeelingswithoutimmediatelyreactingtothemorgettingcaughtupintheiremotionalcontent.”，cultiv