Unit2CloningPart1清單式背誦——主干知識一遍過1.differvi.不同；相異(vary)?differin(＝bedifferentin)在……方面不同differfrom(＝bedifferentfrom)與……不同differwithsbon/about/oversth與某人在某事上意見不同?differencen.不同之處makeadifference(to)(對……)起作用；有影響makenodifference(to...)對……沒有影響tellthedifferencebetweenAandB分清A和B?differentadj.不同的eg.BritishEnglishdiffersobviouslyfromAmericanEnglishinpronunciationandspelling.英式英語在發(fā)音和拼寫上明顯不同于美式英語。2.undertakevt.著手(setabout)；從事(takeup)；承擔(dān)(takeon,assume)；承諾；保證(guarantee)undertakeatask承擔(dān)任務(wù)undertaketodosth同意、答應(yīng)或著手做某事undertakethat...保證……eg.(2022·德州模擬)Wemustactasquicklyaspossiblenow.Justtelluswhetheryoucanundertakethetaskornot.現(xiàn)在我們必須盡快采取行動。你就告訴我們你能否承擔(dān)這項任務(wù)吧。3.payoff得到好結(jié)果；得到回報；取得成功；還清，償清；(付清工資后)解雇payfor付錢；為……付出代價paysbforsth因某事物給某人報酬payback償還(欠款)；報復(fù)；回報payavisitto參觀；拜訪payattentionto注意；留心eg.(2020·全國卷Ⅱ書面表達)Althoughourclothesweresoakedwithsweat，wedidn’tminditatallbecauseoureffortspaidoff.(活動介紹)雖然我們的衣服都被汗水濕透了，但我們一點也不介意，因為努力得到了回報。4.objectvi.反對；不贊成n.物體?objectto反對；不贊成objecttosb/sth反對；不贊成某人/某事objectto(one’s)doingsth反對(某人)做某事?objectionn.反對；異議；不贊成objectiveadj.客觀的；無偏見的n.目標(biāo)eg.(2022·衢州高三模擬)Toourgreatrelief,Dadturneddowntheidea.Momnevercouldunderstandourobjections.讓我們松了一口氣的是，爸爸拒絕了這個主意。媽媽永遠無法理解我們的反對意見?！军c撥】objectto，lookforwardto，beaccustomedto，leadto，contributeto，stickto等動詞短語中的to為介詞，后跟v.－ing作賓語?！就x】oppose，disagree，beagainst5.forbidvt.(forbade/forbad；forbidden)禁止；不準(zhǔn)?forbidsbsth禁止某人某事forbiddoingsth禁止做某事eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(forbidsbtodosth,forbidsbfromdoingsth))禁止某人做某事?forbiddenadj.被禁止的；嚴(yán)禁的It’sforbiddentodosth做某事是禁止的eg.(2022·舟山高三模擬)Firstly,itisforbiddentopointatothersusingyourchopsticksasitmakesothersuncomfortable.(建議信)首先，禁止用筷子指著別人，因為這會讓別人感到不舒服。【點撥】forbid后不能直接跟動詞不定式作賓語，但可直接跟動名詞作賓語，也可用forbidsbtodosth形式，有類似用法的單詞還有：allow,permit,advise等。6.infavourof贊成；支持insb’sfavour對某人有利dosbafavour＝doafavourforsb給某人幫忙owesbafavour欠某人情asksbforafavour＝askafavourofsb向某人求助【聯(lián)想】常見的“in＋抽象名詞＋of”結(jié)構(gòu)的短語還有：inneedof需要intermsof依據(jù)；在……方面inhonourof為紀(jì)念；為慶祝infaceof面對……；不顧……inmemoryof紀(jì)念……insearchof尋找；搜尋7.owevt.欠(賬、錢、人情等)；歸功于……；應(yīng)感謝?owesbanapology該向某人道歉owesbafavour欠某人一個人情owesbsth＝owesthtosb欠某人某物?owe...to...把……歸功于……oweittosbthat...多虧某人……?owingto因為；由于eg.(2019·浙江卷)ThoughIonlywonthirdplace,myEnglishteacherpraisedmeintheclassformygreatprogress.Ioweittoyou.(感謝信)雖然我只獲得了第三名，但我的英語老師在課堂上表揚了我，因為我進步很大。這要歸功于你。8.bothervt.打擾vi.操心n.[U]煩擾；[C]令人煩惱的事或人?bothersbwith/aboutsth因某事打擾或麻煩某人bothertodosth操心做某事Itbotherssbthat/todo...使某人苦惱的是……?getintoabother陷入麻煩eg.(2021·八省市聯(lián)考卷)Eachtimethesethingshappened,Iwassickofthewaymostpeoplehadn’tbotheredtohelp.每次這些事情發(fā)生時，我都對大多數(shù)人懶得幫忙的方式感到厭煩?！军c撥】bother作“麻煩；困難”講時，是不可數(shù)名詞；作“令人煩惱的事物”“討厭的人”講時，是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。9.(be)boundto(do)...一定或注定(做)……eg.(安徽卷書面表達)Ifyoudon’tthinkyoucantalktothem,writethemaletterandleaveitlyingaround—theyareboundtoreadit.(建議信)如果你認為你不能和他們交談，就給他們寫封信，把它放在那里，他們一定會看的。10.strikevi.&vt.(struck；struck)打；撞擊；罷工；突然襲擊；(鐘)報時；劃(火柴)；忽然想起n.罷工?bestruckby/with被……打動/迷住/襲擊/某人突然想起……Itstrikes/hits/occurstosbthat...某人突然想起……oone’sheart使……刻骨銘心?be/goonstrike在/舉行罷工eg.(天津卷書面表達)BecauseIamstruckbyyourtalentintheroboticcompetition，I’dliketoinviteyoutojoinus.(邀請信)因為你在機器人比賽中的天賦讓我印象深刻，我想邀請你加入我們。11.bring...backtolife使復(fù)生；使復(fù)活live/leada(n)...life過著……生活bringsb/sthtolife使更有趣；使更生動cometolife蘇醒過來；(變得)活躍【點撥】bring...backtolife是及物動詞短語，而comebacktolife表示“復(fù)活；復(fù)蘇；蘇醒”是不及物動詞短語。12.resistvt.抵抗；對抗；耐得住?resistsb/sth抵抗/抵制某人/某物resistdoingsth抵制做某事can’tresist/help/stopdoingsth情不自禁做某事?resistantadj.抵抗的；有抵抗力的beresistantto對……有抵抗力?resistancen.抗拒；反對eg.(2019·北京卷書面表達)Onhearingthat,wewereextremelyexcitedandcouldn’tresistthedesiretobeinvolvedinit.聽到這件事，我們非常激動，忍不住想?yún)⑴c其中?！韭?lián)想】含詞根－sist的動詞集錦：①insistv.堅持②persistv.堅持③assistv.協(xié)助④consistvi.由……組成13.ingood/poorcondition狀況很好(壞)；情況很好(壞)?outofcondition健康狀況欠佳working/living/studyingconditions工作/生活/學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境?onconditionthat...在……條件下；倘若……on/undernocondition一點也不；決不(放在句首時，用部分倒裝語序)eg.(江蘇卷書面表達)Onconditionthatweusetheseratingsproperly，theywillbenefitusinmanyways.(建議信)只要我們恰當(dāng)使用這些排名，它們在很多方面對我們是有利的。教材詞塊1.growingplants生長著的植物2.naturalclones自然克隆3.newplantspecies新植物物種4.thedisturbingnews令人不安的消息5.becomeseriouslyill患重病6.clonedanimals克隆動物7.raiseastormofobjections引起了一陣強烈的反對8.openeverybody’seyes打開了人們的眼界9.amixtureoffearandexcitement既興奮又恐懼10.theinitialrequirement最基本的要求11.enoughdiversity足夠的多樣性12.resistthatdiseasetothenextgeneration把免疫力傳給下一代13.thechanceofdinosaurseverreturningtotheearth恐龍重返地球的可能性14.merelyadream僅僅是個夢想教材佳句1.ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.(倒裝句)接著傳來了多莉病重的壞消息。2.Cloningplantsisstraightforwardwhilecloninganimalsisverycomplicated.(while表示對比)克隆植物簡單，但克隆動物就非常復(fù)雜了。3.However，scientistsstillwonderwhethercloningwillhelporharmusandwhereitisleadingus.(whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句)然而，科學(xué)家們?nèi)詫寺〖夹g(shù)有助于人類還是有害于人類，以及克隆技術(shù)將把我們引向何方感到困惑。4.Althoughatpresenthumaneggcellsandembryosneededforcloningresearcharedifficulttoobtain，newspaperswroteofevilleadershopingtoclonethemselvestoattaintheirambitions.(be＋adj.＋todo)盡管目前供克隆研究的人類卵細胞和胚胎很難獲得，報紙上報道說，有些邪惡的頭目希望把自己克隆出來以實現(xiàn)他們的野心。Theadvantageisthatifthereisanewillnesssomeoftheseanimalsmaydie，butotherswillsurviveandpassontheabilitytoresistthatdiseasetothenextgeneration.其優(yōu)點是，如果發(fā)生了某種新的疾病，這類動物中的一些可能會死去，而另外一些卻能存活下來，并且把這種免疫力傳給下一代。句型公式|Theadvantageisthat...that引導(dǎo)表語從句的常見句型：(1)Theadvantage/strengthof...isthat...……的優(yōu)勢是……(2)Thedisadvantage/drawbackof...isthat...……的缺點是……(3)Theproblemof...isthat...……的問題是……(4)Thechanceisthat...有可能……①Theadvantageofusingyouruniversityaccommodationisthatyoucangetsupportifyouhaveaproblem.在你所就讀的大學(xué)里住宿的優(yōu)勢在于如果你有麻煩可以得到幫助。②Thedrawbackofthepopularityofcarsisthatitbringsaboutsomuchairpollution.汽車普及的缺點是它帶來了太多的空氣污染。③Thechanceisthatonesmokerinfourwilldieoflungcancer.四分之一的吸煙者有可能死于肺癌。Part2學(xué)案式檢測——背誦效果速評估(限時20分鐘)Ⅰ.單詞過關(guān)檢測課內(nèi)基礎(chǔ)達標(biāo)——英漢互譯1.undertakevt.著手；從事；承擔(dān)2.breakthroughn.突破3.castvt.扔；投；擲4.obtainvt.獲得；贏得5.attainvt.獲得；到達(水平、年齡、狀況等)6.forbidvt.禁止；不準(zhǔn)7.drawbackn.缺點；不利條件8.owevt.欠(賬、錢、人情等)；歸功于……9.bothervt.打擾vi.操心n.煩擾10.strikevt.&vi.打；撞擊；罷工n.罷工11.unableadj.不能的；不會的12.straightforwardadj.簡單的；直接的；坦率的13.faten.命運；天命14.compulsoryadj.必須做的；義務(wù)的；強迫的；強制的15.feathern.羽毛16.identicaladj.同一的；一模一樣的17.commercialadj.商業(yè)的；貿(mào)易的18.complicatedadj.復(fù)雜的；難懂的19.proceduren.程序；步驟；手續(xù)20.shortlyadv.立刻；不久課外拓展延伸——詞形變換1.differvi.不同；相異→differentadj.不同的→differencen.差異；不同2.identityn.身份；同一性；一致→identicaladj.同一的；一模一樣的3.correctadj.正確的v.改正→correctionn.改正；糾正；修正4.objectvi.反對；不贊成→objectionn.不贊成；反對；異議5.accumulatevt.&vi.積累；聚積→accumulationn.積累；增加6.retirevi.退休；離開→retirementn.退休；引退7.assumevt.假定；設(shè)想→assumptionn.假定；設(shè)想8.regulatevt.調(diào)節(jié)；管理→regulationn.規(guī)則；規(guī)章；法規(guī)9.popularadj.流行的；通俗的；受歡迎的→popularityn.受人喜愛；流行10.resistvt.抵抗；對抗→resistancen.抵抗；對抗→resistantadj.有抵抗力的；抵制的11.reasonn.原因，理由；道理，情理→reasonableadj.合情理的；講道理的；公道的→unreasonableadj.不合理的；過度的；不切實際的；非理智的12.decoratev.裝飾；裝潢→decorationn.裝飾；勛章，獎?wù)垄?短語詞塊過關(guān)檢測課內(nèi)基礎(chǔ)達標(biāo)——英漢互譯1.pay__off得到好結(jié)果；取得成功；償清2.cast__down使失望；使沮喪3.object__to反對；不贊成4.in__favour__of贊成；支持5.owe...to...把……歸功于……6.(be)__bound__to__(do)...一定或注定(做)……7.in__vain白費力氣；枉費心機8.from__time__to__time不時；偶爾9.a__mixture__of__fear__and__excitement既興奮又恐懼10.bringbacktolife使復(fù)生；使復(fù)活11.oone’sheart使……刻骨銘心12.ingood/poorcondition狀況很好(壞)13.thedisturbingnews令人不安的消息14.becomeseriouslyill患重病15.clonedanimals克隆動物16.raiseastormofobjections引起了一陣強烈的反對17.openeverybody’seyes打開了人們的眼界課外拓展延伸——英漢互譯1.undertake__to__do__sth同意、答應(yīng)或著手做某事2.pay__back償還(欠款)；報復(fù)；回報3.object__to__doing__sth反對做某事4.forbid__doing__sth禁止做某事5.in__sb’s__favour對某人有利6.owe__sb__a__favour__欠某人一個人情7.bother__to__do__sth操心做某事8.bestruckby/with被……打動/迷住/襲擊/某人突然想起……9.bringsb/sthtolife使更有趣；使更生動10.resistdoingsth抵制干某事11.outofcondition健康狀況欠佳12.differwithsbon/about/oversth與某人在某事上意見不同Ⅲ.句式過關(guān)檢測課內(nèi)基礎(chǔ)達標(biāo)——補全句子1.接著傳來了多莉病重的壞消息。(倒裝句)Then__came__the__disturbing__newsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.2.克隆植物簡單，但克隆動物就非常復(fù)雜了。(while表示對比)Cloningplantsisstraightforwardwhile__cloning__animals__is__very__complicated.3.然而，科學(xué)家們?nèi)詫寺〖夹g(shù)有助于人類還是有害于人類，以及克隆技術(shù)將把我們引向何方感到困惑。(whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句)However，scientistsstillwonderwhether__cloning__will__help__or__harm__us__and__where__it__is__leading__us.4.盡管目前供克隆研究的人類卵細胞和胚胎很難獲得，報紙上報道說，有些邪惡的頭目希望把自己克隆出來以實現(xiàn)他們的野心。(be＋adj.＋todo)Althoughatpresenthumaneggcellsandembryosneededforcloningresearchare__difficult__to__obtain，newspaperswroteofevilleadershopingtoclonethemselvestoattaintheirambitions.5.其優(yōu)點是，如果發(fā)生了某種新的疾病，這類動物中的一些可能會死去，而另外一些卻能存活下來，并且把這種免疫力傳給下一代。(that引導(dǎo)表語從句)The__advantage__is__thatifthereisanewillnesssomeoftheseanimalsmaydie，butotherswillsurviveandpassontheabilitytoresistthatdiseasetothenextgeneration.課外拓展延伸——補全句子1.汽車普及的缺點是它帶來了太多的空氣污染。(that引導(dǎo)表語從句)The__drawback__of__the__popularity__of__cars__is__thatitbringsaboutsomuchairpollution.2.英式英語在發(fā)音和拼寫上明顯不同于美式英語。(differ)BritishEnglishdiffers__obviously__from__American__Englishinpronunciationandspelling.3.雖然我們的衣服都被汗水濕透了，但我們一點也不介意，因為努力得到了回報。(pay)Althoughourclothesweresoakedwithsweat，wedidn’tminditatallbecause__our__efforts__paid__off.4.雖然我只獲得了第三名，但我的英語老師在課堂上表揚了我，因為我進步很大。這要歸功于你。(owe)ThoughIonlywonthirdplace,myEnglishteacherpraisedmeintheclassformygreatprogress.I__owe__it__to__you.5.如果你認為你不能和他們交談，就給他們寫封信，把它放在那里，他們一定會看的。(bound)Ifyoudon’tthinkyoucantalktothem,writethemaletterandleaveitlyingaround—they__are__bound__to__read__it.Part3層級式精練——單元要點全練通1.differ用法個個清——練用法/寫美句①(2020·浙江1月卷)Itmadenodifferencetoherthatyou’dreadeverywordinitandneededanothertostart.②(2020·浙江7月卷)Hisfriendsteasedhimaboutbabysittinghissisterandhisinterestswerefardifferent(differ)frommine.③(全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)各國對餐桌禮儀的觀點大相徑庭。Viewsontablemannersdiffer__from__country__to__country.2.undertake用法一遍過——猜詞義/練用法/寫美句①Thesponsorsundertakethattheproposalmeetsallthelegalrequirements.__vt.承諾；保證②Mr.Collinsundertookto__look(look)afterthechildrenwhilehiswifecouldgotothefitclubwithtwoofherfriends.③(2022·德州模擬)現(xiàn)在我們必須盡快采取行動。你就告訴我們你能否承擔(dān)這項任務(wù)吧。Wemustactasquicklyaspossiblenow.Justtelluswhether__you__can__undertake__the__task__or__not.3.object用法多棱鏡——練用法/寫美句①Thematchwascanceledbecausemostofthemembersobjectedtohaving(have)amatchwithoutastandardcourt.②Thevillagersraisedanobjection(object)tobuildingachemicalplantbesidetheriver.③我反對早起的原因是學(xué)生真的需要足夠的時間好好休息。Thereasonwhy__I__object__to__getting__up__too__early__is__thatstudentsreallyneedenoughtimetohaveagoodrest.4.forbid用法巧練通——練用法/寫美句①(全國卷Ⅰ)“Youareforbiddento__say(say)‘onefeels’，or‘peoplethink’，”Lehannetoldthem.②Weshouldtakemeasurestoforbidreturning(return)illegalcookingoiltodinnertables.③MyfatherforbademefrommeetingmyfriendsonlineattheInternetcafe!④(福建卷書面表達)更糟糕的是，他們隨地吐痰甚至向湖里扔垃圾，這是在公共場合完全禁止的行為。What’sworse，theyspateverywhereandeventhrewrubbishintothelake，which__is__forbidden__totally__in__public__places.5.owe用法點點練——練用法/寫美句①Owing(owe)toyourhelp，Ihavemadegreatprogress.Inotherwords，Iowemyprogresstoyou.②IowedittothedoctorsthatIsurvivedsuchasevereaccident.③Becauseofthebadweather，wedecidedtopostponeleaving.→Owing__tothebadweather，wedecidedtopostponeleaving.6.strike用法面面觀——練用法/寫美句①Itstruckmethatplayingagainsttheotherteamwasagreatlearningmomentforallthegirlsontheteam.②Meetingmydearteachersandfellowstudentsaftersomanyyearswasindeedawarmoccasion，oneI’dstrikeintomyheartforever.③Youcanbe__struck(strike)bylightningevenwhenit’snotraining.④(天津卷書面表達)BecauseIamstruckbyyourtalentintheroboticcompetition，I’dliketoinviteyoutojoinus.→Struck__by__your__talentintheroboticcompetition，I’dliketoinviteyoutojoinus.(分詞短語作狀語)7.“that引導(dǎo)表語從句”句型薈萃——練用法/寫美句①Theadvantageofmeisthat__myspokenEnglishisoutstanding,forexample,IwonthefirstprizeinanEnglishSpeechContestinourschoollastyear.②Ifyoucanfindsuitablelearningmethods，yourlearningefficiencyismorelikelytobeimproved.→Ifyoucanfindsuitablelearningmethods，the__chance__is__that__your__learning__efficiency__will__be__improved.維度一詞形變化練1.(2021·全國乙卷)Duetothegrowingpopularity(popular)ofenvironmentally－relatedandadventuretravel,varioustypesoftripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism.2.(2020·全國卷Ⅰ)Butourinsistingit’smerely(mere)awindowhaskeptthemfromattemptingmillionsofrequeststoopenthedoor.3.(2020·全國卷Ⅲ)Sometimes，becauseahousewarmingpartyhappensshortly(short)afterapersonmovesintotheirnewhome，peoplemaybeaskedtohelpunpackboxes.4.(2020·北京卷)Butthepea－brainedguineafowlsarerevealingthefaultsinthatassumption(assume).5.(2020·全國卷Ⅲ)Withtheyoungunable(able)toaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤獨)，morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.6.Ithinkourofferisreasonable(reason)andrealisticandyoushouldn’tturnitdown.7.Wehadourfurnituremovedtothenewhousewhenthedecoration(decorate)ofthehousewasfinished.8.Commercial(commerce)advertisementisoneofthethingswehavetoputupwithwhenwatchingTV.維度二固定用法練1.ThenewclothesintheshoparesobeautifulthatAnnacan’tresisttaking(take)acloserlookatthem.2.Wecanbuildaharmonioussocietyonconditionthateveryonebehaveshimself.3.Asaproverbgoes，“Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.Oureffortswillpayoffsoonerorlater.”4.Keeponworkinghardlikethis，andyourresearchisboundto__obtain(obtain)greatsuccess.5.Doesitbotheryouthatyournephewisalwaysaskingtoborrowmoneyfromyou?6.Toavoidaccidents，it’simportanttocheckthatallyourtoolsareingoodconditionbeforestarting.7.Theregulationoperatesinfavourof__marriedcouples.8.Don’tletyourselfbecastdownbyasmallfailureintheexperiment.Tryagain.維度三語境辨義練■熟詞生義——根據(jù)語境寫出加黑詞的詞性和詞義1.(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)Inthe18thand19thcenturies，wealthypeopletravelledandcollectedplants，historicalobjectsandworksofart.n.物體；物品2.(2020·全國卷Ⅰ)Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.adj.受過訓(xùn)練的■一詞多義——根據(jù)語境選出strike的含義A.vt.打；撞擊B.vt.襲擊C.vt.報時D.vt.使……留下印象E.n.罷工1.(天津卷)Thiscombinationofhealingmyselfandhealingtheworldstruckmeastheperfectsolution.__D2.(全國卷Ⅲ)JustbeforeSeptember，Millerwasstruckbyacarandlosthisrightarm.__A3.Abigearthquakestruckthecitylastyear，killinghundredsofpeople.B4.Itisbynomeansclearwhatthepresidentcandotoendthestrike.E5.Igotupearlythismorningbeforetheclockstruckfive.C人與社會——科學(xué)與技術(shù)用本單元詞匯、句式和語法知識完成作文最近你班就是否發(fā)展克隆技術(shù)進行了討論，請按以下寫作要點寫一篇短文。要點如下：1.支持：克隆技術(shù)有益人類；2.反對：引起倫理問題；3.你的觀點。Therehasbeenaheateddiscussionaboutwhethercloningtechniqueshouldbedeveloped.1.Opinions__differ__greatly__from__person__to__person(意見因人而異).Somewhoareinfavourofitsdevelopmentholdthebeliefthatitwill2.be__bound__to__benefit__humans(一定會對人類有益).Oneoftheadvantagesofcloningisthatlargequantitiesofcommercialfoodcanbeproducedtomeetpeople’sneeds.What’smore，itcan3.make__a__breakthrough__in__the__field__of__medicine(在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域取得突破).Onthecontrary，othersstronglyobjecttoit，becausetheythink4.it__is__a__moral__question__to__clone__humans(克隆人類是一個道德問題).Fromtimetotime，clonedpeoplemaybetakenadvantageofbysomeevilpersons.However，inmyopinion，cloningwillpayoffaslongasallundertaketouseitproperly.Part4配餐式作業(yè)——高考題型精準(zhǔn)練(限時30分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2022·太原市高三年級模擬考試三)Pre－CollegeProgramCoursesTheHarvardPre－CollegeProgramwillbehostingallcoursesonlineforSummer2021.Toencourageinteractivelearning，classsizesaresmallandtypicallyrangefrom12to18students.Inthiscollegialsetting，youwillpracticetheartofhealthydebates，learntocommunicateclearlyoncomplextopics，anddeliverpresentationsonyourownresearch，allundertheguidanceofHarvardinstructorsforatrueIvyLeagueexperience.Attheendoftheprogram，youwillreceiveawrittenevaluationfromyourinstructor，aswellasaHarvardtranscriptwithagradeofARorNM(“requirementsmet”or“requirementsnotmet”).Pleasenote：Youneedtoattendeveryonlineclassinitsentiretytoreceiveapassinggradeof“MetAllRequirements”.Course：CareinCriticalTimes·Jul.5－Aug.16，Mon.toThurs.，8：30－11：00am·AndreaWrightWhatiscare?Howcananddocommunitiesencouragecareasatoolforbuildinghealingandhope?Thiscourserequiresstudentsnotonlytoaskhowtheymightengageincaringactswiththeirowncommunities，buttocompletealocallybasedcommunityprojectthatbringscare.Course：Introductiontoneuroscience·Jul.7－Jul.25，Wed.toFri.，Noon－3：00pm·GraceFrancisThiscourseisanintroductiontothenervoussystem，withemphasisonthestructureandfunctionofthehumanbrain.Course：CollegeWriting·Jul.1－Jul.22，Thurs.toSat.，8：00－11：30am·MartinT.GreenupThiscourseintroducesstudentstocollegewritingbytakingthemthroughthestepsrequiredtocompleteafive－pageanalyticessay.Studentsreadarangeofclassicandcontemporaryshortstories，anddevelopstrategiesforcarefulclosereadingviaclassdiscussionandin－classexercises.Course：TheEconomicsofCities·Jun.17－Jul.29，Sun.toThurs.，3：15－6：15pm·ThomasShayHillWhatcausescitiestogrow，andwhatlimitstheirgrowth?Whatarethecostsofurbanliving，andhowcantheybeovercome?Weexaminearangeofmajorurbanissuesfromaneconomicview—trafficandtransportation；water，publichealthandtheroleofcitiesingeneratingeconomicgrowthandtechnologicalinnovation.【語篇解讀】本文是應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了哈佛大學(xué)學(xué)前項目開設(shè)的在線課程的相關(guān)信息。1.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Toofferanoverviewoftheprogram.B.Tointroducetheprograminstructors.C.Topresentthecontentsoftheguidance.D.Toexplaintherequirementsforthecourses.答案A[推理判斷題。第一段主要講述了哈佛大學(xué)學(xué)前課程的開設(shè)時間、班級規(guī)模、相關(guān)學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容及結(jié)課之后的考核，因此是對整個學(xué)前課程概況的介紹。]2.WhichcoursecanyoutakeifyouareavailableonFridaymorningsinJuly?A.CareinCriticalTimes.B.CollegeWriting.C.Introductiontoneuroscience.D.TheEconomicsofCities.答案B[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Course：CollegeWriting部分中的“Jul.1－Jul.22，Thurs.toSat.，8：00－11：30am”可知，CollegeWriting的上課時間在7月1日至22日，周四到周六上午8：00至11：30，適合7月份周五早上有時間的人士去參加。]3.Whosecourseshouldyouchooseifyouareinterestedinurbanpublichealth?A.AndreaWright’s.B.GraceFrancis’s.C.MartinT.Greenup’s.D.ThomasShayHill’s.答案D[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Course：TheEconomicsofCities部分中的“Weexaminearangeof...andtechnologicalinnovation”可知，如果你對城市公共健康感興趣的話，可以參加ThomasShayHill的課程。]【詞匯積累】1.interactiveadj.互相作用的，相互影響的2.undertheguidanceof在……的指引下3.entiretyn.全部，整體4.engagein(使)從事，參加5.innovation/??n?'ve??n/n.改革，創(chuàng)新B(2022·太原市高三模擬三)Wearingacavemanmask，Dr.JohnMarzluffwalksacrossthecampusattheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattle.Crows(烏鴉)circleandsquawk(尖叫)，divingathimandgoingaway.Beneaththemask，hesmiles.Daysbeforeheandhisstudents，wearingcavemanmasks，rappedthemandplacedcoloredplasticbandsontheirlegs.Thentheyreleasedtheunhappybirds.Whentheresearcherswanderedaroundcampuswithoutthemasks，thecrowstheyhadcaughtandbandeddidnotreacttothem.Butwhenthesamehumanswalkedbywhilewearingthemasks，thecrowsscoldedloudlyanddivedattheir“enemies”.Atfirst，onlythebandedbirdsreactedaggressivelytothepeopleinmasks.Butinlatertestsmoreandmorecrowsjoinedin，andevenwhenthebandedbirdswerenotaround.“Crowsthinkanddream，fightandplay，reasonandtakerisks，”hesays.“Theiranticsconfuseus.”Thisledhimtostudyhowcrows’brainswork.Heandhisstudentsworeonetypeofmaskastheycapturedcrowsandbroughtthemintothelab，trainingthemtolinkthatfacewithdanger.Thenadifferentkindofmaskformorepositiveactivities，suchasfeedingandcaring.Thenheworkedwithscientistsattheuniversitywhoscananimalbrainstoseewhichpartsofacrow’sbraindocertaintasks.Surprisingly，thescientistsfoundthatwhenthecrowsawthe“danger”mask，onepartofitsbrainbecameactive.Whenthecrowsawthe“feedingandcaring”mask，adifferentpartofitsbrainlitup.Theteamhasshownthatcrowsusethesamepartsoftheirbrainsforrecognizingwhathumansdo—somethingthatwasnotknownbefore!Morethan10yearsafterthefirstmaskexperiment，campuscrowsstillscoldthe“cavemen”.Crowsalsorecognizepeoplewhoarekindtothem.Crowsarealwayswatchingusandtheyremember.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要講述了華盛頓大學(xué)的約翰·馬爾茲拉夫博士通過面具實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)烏鴉時隔多年之后仍能識別自己的敵人和朋友。4.WhydoesDr.JohnMarzluffsmile?A.Heintendstoshowhiskindness.B.Herealizeshistrickhasworked.C.Heisamusedbythehappycrows.D.Heisembarrassedatthecrows’response.答案B[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段和第三段的內(nèi)容可知，約翰·馬爾茲拉夫博士和他的學(xué)生之前戴著野人面具敲打過烏鴉，試圖檢測烏鴉是否能記得他們，當(dāng)他發(fā)現(xiàn)同一批烏鴉襲擊他時，他認為自己的實驗成功了，于是笑了。]5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“antics”inthethirdparagraphprobablyreferto?A.Waysofbehaving.B.Huntingtypes.C.Flyingmodels.D.Chancesofsurvival.答案A[詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段尾句、第二段尾句和第三段前兩句可知，下劃線詞指的就是前面描述的烏鴉的行為，故A項“行為方式”與下劃線詞的意思最為接近。]6.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribethecrowsaccordingtothetext?A.Sociable，intelligentandobservant.B.Noisy，dangerousandannoying.C.Reasonable，cautiousandaggressive.D.Strong－h(huán)eaded，proudandpopular.答案A[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Butwhenthesamehumanswalked...divedattheir‘enemies’”和最后一段中的“Crowsalsorecognizepeoplewhoarekindtothem.”可知，烏鴉很聰明也善于觀察；再根據(jù)第三段中的“Atfirst，onlythebandedbirds...moreandmorecrowsjoinedin”可知，烏鴉是群體性的動物，社交性較強。]7.Whatcanweconcludeaboutcrowsfromthefourthparagraph?A.Theysharethesamewisdomashumansdo.B.Theyneverforgivethosewhooncehurtthem.C.Theyonlyrecognizethepeoplewhoarebadtothem.D.Theyperformtaskswithdifferentpartsoftheirbrains.答案D[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“thescientistsfoundthat...adifferentpartofitsbrainlitup”可知，烏鴉在面對不同任務(wù)時，大腦的不同區(qū)域在起作用。]【詞匯積累】1.releasevt.釋放，放出2.band熟義：n.樂隊；條飾生義：v.加彩條(或嵌條等)3.aggressivelyadv.侵略地；攻擊地4.link...with...將……與……聯(lián)系起來5.lightup激發(fā)Ⅱ.七選五(2022·福州市高三診斷性練習(xí))Peopleoftenwanttosimplifytheirlives.Ithasalotofstresstohaveacomplicatedlife，fullofschedules，meetings，possessions,andsoforth.Usually,asimplerlifetranslatesaslessanxiety,stressandworry.__1__Followthestep－by－stepprocessbelowtosimplifyyourlife.First,getridofallthepossessionsyouhaven’tusedinthelastyear.Ifyouhaven’tputathingtouseinoneyear,itisprobablynotworthkeeping：__2__Putanythingyouhaven’tusedinoneyearinthatbag.Next,manageyoursocialmediaandelectronicsusage.Weusuallyspendmoretimeonourdevicesthanweimagine.Thesedays,peoplecanspendthemajorityoftheirdaysonsocialmediaandelectronicdevices.Theseall－in－onedevicesaregreattools.__3__Onadeeperlevel,wecansimplifyourthinking.Mostofourthinkingisnotnecessary.__4__Ifyoudonotwanttogothatfar,trytoignorethethoughtsthatarenotrelatedtothepresent.Acontinuousstreamofthoughtsisnotnecessary.Sure，someplanningshouldbedoneforthefuture,butthereisnoneedtooverthink.__5__Wecangetridofpossessionsthatarenonessential,manageoursocialmediaandelectronicsusage,andalsocleanupourthinkingsothatwearemoreinthepresentanddonotengageinunnecessaryworry,oranxiety.Allthesethingstakeenergyandtime,ofwhichweonlyhavealimitedamount.A.Nothoughtisimportant.B.Getridofelectronicdevices.C.So,howdowesimplifyourlives?D.Isplanningourthoughtseffort－making?E.Simplifyingourlivesisacomplextask.F.Buttheyshouldnotbecomethemainfocusofourlife.G.Getabiggarbagebagandwalkaroundyourlivingspace.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章從三個方面給出了簡化生活的建議，以減少焦慮、壓力與憂慮。1.C[過渡銜接句?？蘸笾v到按照下面的步驟一步一步地簡化生活，因此空處應(yīng)是對此句的設(shè)問，故C項“那么怎樣簡化我們的生活呢？”符合語境。]2.G[過渡銜接句。根據(jù)空后句中的“inthatbag”可知，空處應(yīng)提到“bag”，故G項(找個大垃圾袋，繞著你的生活空間走)與空后句“把一年內(nèi)不用的東西放到那個袋子里”語意連貫，符合邏輯。]3.