/

第11講

定語(yǔ)從句

/高考鏈接考點(diǎn)解讀實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練答案速查【聽(tīng)】單句填空1.［2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷］…along

the

Silk

Route

___________

brought

the

plants

from

their

native

habitat

in

Asia

to

come

to

define

much

of

the

richness

of

gardening

in

England.which/that[解析]

考查定語(yǔ)從句。空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞the

Silk

Route,先行詞指物,關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),用關(guān)系代詞which或that引導(dǎo)從句。故填which/that。2.［2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷］Chinese

cultural

elements

commemorating

(紀(jì)念)

Tang

Xianzu,

_____

is

known

as

“the

Shakespeare

of

Asia”,

add

an

international

character

to

Stratford-upon-Avon,

William

Shakespeare's

hometown.who[解析]

考查定語(yǔ)從句。此句為定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為T(mén)ang

Xianzu，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，表示人，用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)。故填who。3.[2024·全國(guó)甲卷]

…until

Wrangell-Saint

Elias

in

southern

Alaska,

_______

became

a

national

monument

in

1978,

took

the

honours

as

a

national

park

in

1980

with

12.3

million

acres.which[解析]

考查定語(yǔ)從句。本空所在句子為定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為Wrangell-Saint

Elias,關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ),指物,引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,故填which。4.[2023·全國(guó)甲卷]

Yet,

the

form

of

the

fable

still

has

values

today,

____

Rachel

Carson

says

in

“A

Fable

for

Tomorrow”.as[解析]

考查定語(yǔ)從句。此處是as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,as作says的賓語(yǔ),指代前面整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容。故填as。5.[2023·全國(guó)甲卷]

There

was

once

a

town

in

the

heart

of

America,

_______

all

life

seemed

to

enjoy

peaceful

co-existence

with

its

surroundings…where[解析]

考查定語(yǔ)從句。此處是where引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,where在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。故填where?？键c(diǎn)一

關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞先行詞句法功能例句who人主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)

Some

people

who

are

successful

language

learners

often

fail

in

other

fields.

有些成功的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者在其他領(lǐng)域常常會(huì)失敗。關(guān)系代詞先行詞句法功能例句whom人賓語(yǔ)

The

author

whom/who

you

criticized

in

your

review

has

written

a

reply.

你在評(píng)論中批評(píng)的那位作者已經(jīng)回復(fù)了。whose

(=ofwhom/ofwhich)人或物定語(yǔ)

My

eldest

son,

whosework

takes

him

all

over

the

world,

is

in

New

York

at

the

moment.

我的大兒子目前在紐約,他的工作讓他全世界到處跑。續(xù)表關(guān)系代詞先行詞句法功能例句that人或物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)

The

little

problems

that/which

we

meet

in

our

daily

lives

may

be

inspiration

for

great

inventions.

我們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪杏龅降哪切┬?wèn)題有可能會(huì)成為偉大發(fā)明的靈感。續(xù)表關(guān)系代詞先行詞句法功能例句which物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)

China

Today

attracts

a

worldwide

readership,

whichshows

that

more

and

more

people

all

over

the

world

want

to

learn

about

China.

《今日中國(guó)》吸引了世界各地的讀者,這表明世界上越來(lái)越多的人想了解中國(guó)。續(xù)表關(guān)系代詞先行詞句法功能例句as人或物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)

Asis

known

to

us

all,

water

is

necessary

to

support

life.

眾所周知,水是維持生命所必需的。注:關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。續(xù)表［溫馨提示］下列情況只用that不用which:①先行詞是all,something,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,few等不定代詞;②先行詞被all,any,every,no,little,much,some等詞修飾;③先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾或先行詞本身是序數(shù)詞;④先行詞被the

only,the

very(正是,恰是),the

last修飾;⑤先行詞中既有人又有物?？键c(diǎn)二

關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

when,where,why的先行詞分別是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因的名詞,并且關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。特殊用法

(1)當(dāng)先行詞為一些表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞,如point,situation,case,stage等時(shí),如果關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ),常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句;

(2)當(dāng)先行詞way意為“方法,方式”,且關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),可用that,in

which或省略關(guān)系詞這三種形式?？键c(diǎn)三

“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前,關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)常用whom,指物時(shí)常用which。Trading

leather

shoes

is

the

business

to

which

the

Greens

are

devoted.皮鞋貿(mào)易是格林一家所致力的事業(yè)。Last

Sunday

I

bought

some

books

from

the

bookstore,

three

of

which

were

English

novels.上周日我從書(shū)店買(mǎi)了一些書(shū),其中三本是英文小說(shuō)。［溫馨提示］

“介詞+which/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中介詞的確定:(1)根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞、形容詞等與介詞的習(xí)慣搭配來(lái)確定。Do

you

know

the

girl

with/to

whom

the

teacher

talked

just

now?你認(rèn)識(shí)剛才和老師談話的那個(gè)女孩嗎?(talk意為“交談”時(shí),常與with或to搭配)(2)根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中先行詞與介詞的習(xí)慣搭配來(lái)確定。They

are

collecting

information

in

preparation

for

the

day

on

which

the

two

sides

sit

down

and

talk.他們正在收集信息為雙方坐下來(lái)和談的那一天做準(zhǔn)備。(3)根據(jù)語(yǔ)義表達(dá)的需要來(lái)確定。Knowledge

is

the

wings

with

which

we

realize

our

dreams.知識(shí)是我們借以實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的翅膀。(with表示用某種手段、工具)考點(diǎn)四

as,

which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

as作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),指代整個(gè)主句,意為“正如,正像”,as引導(dǎo)的句子可放在句首、句末或句中;which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句指代整句話的內(nèi)容時(shí),只能位于句末。The

number

of

smokers,

as

is

reported,

has

dropped

by

17

percent

in

just

one

year.正如報(bào)道的那樣,吸煙者的數(shù)量?jī)H在一年內(nèi)就已經(jīng)減少了百分之十七。He

failed

in

the

exam,

which

made

his

father

very

angry.他在考試中失利,這使得他爸爸非常生氣。［溫馨提示］

as常用在下列習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中:as

(it)

often

happens,

as

I

can

remember,

as

is

often

the

case,

as

is

expected,

as

is

known

to

us,

as

is

shown等。Ⅰ

單句填空1.The

enterprises

around

us

are

getting

even

richer,

_______

secret

is:

don't

put

all

your

eggs

in

one

basket.whose[解析]

考查定語(yǔ)從句。此處the

enterprises是先行詞，且空處在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ),作定語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞只有whose,故填whose。2.But

Sarah,

_____

has

taken

part

in

shows

along

with

top

models,

wants

to

prove

that

she

has

brains

as

well

as

beauty.who[解析]

考查定語(yǔ)從句?？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞Sarah,

并在從句中作主語(yǔ),故填who。3.We

will

put

off

the

picnic

in

the

park

until

next

week,

______

the

weather

may

be

better.when[解析]

考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞是next

week,引導(dǎo)詞在后面的定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),故填關(guān)系副詞when。4.There

is

no

easy

way

to

remember

prepositions,

as

it

is

one

area

of

English

_______

the

rules

seem

very

irregular.where[解析]

考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞為one

area

of

English,空格處在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故填關(guān)系副詞where。5.The

biggest

challenge

at

the

initial

phase

was

to

persuade

people

to

work

for

me,

_______

was

totally

outside

my

experience.which[解析]

考查定語(yǔ)從句。本句是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容,空處在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),故填which。6.____

is

reported,

it

is

more

than

100

years

since

Beijing

University

was

founded.As[解析]

考查定語(yǔ)從句。此處用as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,指代整個(gè)主句,意為“正如,正像”。故填A(yù)s。7.Good

advertising,

to

_______

people

attach

positive

meaning,

can

contribute

to

the

sales

of

a

product.which[解析]

考查定語(yǔ)從句。此處是“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞是good

advertising,指物,關(guān)系詞在從句中作介詞to的賓語(yǔ),應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。8.The

reason

_____

I

write

this

letter

to

you

is

that

I

have

a

problem

in

respect

of

the

writing

style.why[解析]

考查定語(yǔ)從句。名詞reason后為定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系詞在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ),應(yīng)使用關(guān)系副詞,故填why。9.I

felt

very

happy

to

get

a

one-month

break

from

work

last

year

______

I

could

travel

with

my

family

to

Paris.when[解析]

考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞是a

one-month

break,從句缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),故填關(guān)系副詞when。10.What

is

surprising

to

us

is

that

Tom,

for

_______

English

was

once

boring,

can

speak

English

fluently

as

though

he

were

a

native

speaker.whom[解析]

考查定語(yǔ)從句。

Tom是先行詞,空處在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞for的賓語(yǔ),指代人,故填whom。11.The

reason

___________

he

explained

was

that

he

was

ill

and

unable

to

go

to

school.which/that[解析]

考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞是the

reason,指物,關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ),故填which/that。12.With

regard

to

brilliant

performances,

the

annual

sports

meeting

serves

as

a

fabulous

platform,

_______

you

are

expected

to

cheer

the

athletes

on

by

cheerleading.where[解析]

考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞platform“平臺(tái)”為抽象地點(diǎn),關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故使用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。故填where。Ⅱ

語(yǔ)法填空

[2024·湖北襄陽(yáng)五中高三第二次適應(yīng)性測(cè)試]

Incense

(香)

boasts

a

long

history,

1._____

its

roots

in

many

cultures—ancient

China,

ancient

Egypt,

Babylon

and

beyond.

People

from

all

walks

of

life

benefit

from

its

2.__________(count)

qualities,

whether

they

use

it

for

pleasure

or

as

medicine.

Since

the

Tang

and

Song

dynasties,

burning

incense,

hanging

paintings,

making

tea,

and

enjoying

music

have

been

known

as

the

“four

arts

for

literati

(文人)”.

withcountless123456789103._______(make)

from

seeds,

leaves

and

flowers,

incense

has

been

used

as

an

enjoyable

4.________(pursue)

for

scholars.

Moreover，

medical

incense

is

an

essential

part

of

Traditional

Chinese

Medicine,

which

considers

preventative

healthcare

as

5.___

far

superior

form

of

treatment

when

illness

strikes.

6._________(basic),

medical

incense

can

kill

bacteria

in

the

environment,

protecting

people

against

infections.

It

is

also

believed

7.___________(possess)

the

ability

to

balance

the

flow

MadepursuitaBasicallyto

possess12345678910of

Qi,

a

vital

energy

force

within

the

body.

Once

the

medical

elements

within

incense

are

breathed

in,

they

soon

find

8.______(they)

way

into

the

bloodstream.

From

there

they

go

directly

to

the

organs

9._______

treatment

assistance

is

needed.

The

specific

types

of

incense

10.____________(choose)

based

on

the

individual's

condition,

aiming

to

restore

balance

and

promote

well-being.【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹的是香在許多文化中擁有悠久的歷史，并且被人們廣泛使用，無(wú)論是作為享樂(lè)還是藥物。theirwhereare

chosen123456789101._____with[解析]

考查介詞。分析句子可知，此處使用“with+賓語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)。故填with。2.__________countless[解析]

考查形容詞。根據(jù)上文benefit

from

its和下文qualities可知，此處使用形容詞countless作定語(yǔ)，表示“無(wú)數(shù)的”。故填countless。123456789103._______Made[解析]

考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)下文“…incense

has

been

used…”可知，此處使用過(guò)去分詞made作定語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)和完成。單詞位于句首，首字母大寫(xiě)。故填Made。4.________pursuit[解析]

考查名詞。根據(jù)上文an

enjoyable可知，此處使用名詞單數(shù)pursuit

作賓語(yǔ)，表示“一種愛(ài)好”。故填pursuit。123456789105.___a[解析]

考查冠詞。根據(jù)下文form

of

treatment可知，此處使用不定冠詞a作定語(yǔ)，表示“一種”。故填a。6._________Basically[解析]

考查副詞。此處使用副詞basically作狀語(yǔ)，表示“基本上”。位于句首，首字母大寫(xiě)。故填Basically。123456789107.___________to

possess[解析]

考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)上文“It

is

also

believed…”可知，此處使用動(dòng)詞不定式to

possess作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，表示“被認(rèn)為”。故填to

possess。8.______their[解析]

考查代詞。分析句子可知，空白處在句子中作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞way，應(yīng)使用形容詞性物主代詞。故填their。123456789109._______where[解析]

考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子可知，此處應(yīng)填定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞，因先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)表示地點(diǎn)。故填

where。10.____________are

chosen[解析]

考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)上文“Incense

(香)

boasts

a

long

history…”可知，本文主要是介紹香的作用，使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；再根據(jù)句意可知，此處使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；且主語(yǔ)the

specific

types

of

incense

是復(fù)數(shù)，助動(dòng)詞用

are。故填

are

chosen。12345678910Ⅲ

語(yǔ)法與寫(xiě)作—定語(yǔ)從句在寫(xiě)作中的運(yùn)用1.［2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)］If

I

miss

this

last

bus

to

Prague,

I'll

be

late

for

the

conference

_________________________

that

I

can't

afford

to

miss

it!如果我錯(cuò)過(guò)這趟去布拉格的末班車(chē)，我參加會(huì)議就會(huì)遲到，這個(gè)會(huì)議非常重要，我不能錯(cuò)過(guò)它！which/that

is

so

important2.[2024·全國(guó)甲卷書(shū)面表達(dá)]

Secondly,

the

introduction

of

high-speed

trains

has

dramatically

shortened

travel

times

across

the

country,

_______________________________________________.其次，高鐵的引入極大地縮短了全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)的旅行時(shí)間，這使得旅行更加快速且更加舒適。which

makes

travels

faster

and

more

comfortable3.[2024·全國(guó)甲卷書(shū)面表達(dá)]

_____________________,

some

new

types

of

transport

spring

up

in

modern

China,

such

as

shared

bicycles,

high-speed

trains

and

new

energy

vehicles.正如圖片所示，一些新型交通工具在中國(guó)現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中涌現(xiàn)出來(lái)，例如共享單車(chē)、高鐵和新能源汽車(chē)。As

the

pictures

show4.[2023·全國(guó)乙卷書(shū)面表達(dá)]

I

took

a

beginner's

lesson

with

a

knowledgeable

instructor

________________________________________________________________

of

paddle

boarding,

including

proper

technique

and

safety

measures.我上了一位知識(shí)淵博的教練的初級(jí)課,他教我槳板運(yùn)動(dòng)的基本知識(shí),包括正確的技術(shù)和安全措施。

who/that

taught

me

the

fundamentals/basic

knowledge5.[2022·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作]

Starting

at

12

o'clock

on

Sunday,

the

interview

will

last

forty

minutes,

__________________________________________________________________________

on

how