/

第2講

主謂一致

/高考鏈接考點(diǎn)解讀實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練答案速查【聽】單句填空1.［2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷］Some

of

the

things

that

Tang

was

writing

about

______(be)

also

Shakespeare's

concerns.

I

happen

to

know

that

Tang's

play

The

Peony

Pavilion(《牡丹亭》)

is

similar

in

some

ways

to

Romeo

and

Juliet.were[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致?？仗帪楸揪渲^語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)句意以及定語從句時(shí)態(tài)可知，本句時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)；主語some

of

the

things是復(fù)數(shù)，故填were。2.［2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷］In

cold

weather,

the

structure

stays

…

to

protect

the

plants.

Further,

the

Silk

Route

Garden

around

the

greenhouse

______(walk)

visitors

through

a

journey

influenced

by

the

ancient

Silk

Road…walks[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。walk

sb

through意為“帶領(lǐng)某人穿過……”，空處為本句謂語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)上文可知，本句時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語the

Silk

Route

Garden為單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填walks。3.[2023·北京卷]

Up

to

now,

China

_______________(establish)

a

number

of

protected

areas

with

mangroves.has

established[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。由up

to

now(到目前為止)可知,句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),主語是China,助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用has,故填has

established。4.[2023·全國乙卷]

The

remarkable

development

of

this

city,

which

is

consciously

designed

to

protect

the

past

while

stepping

into

the

modern

world,

_______(mean)

there

is

always

something

new

to

discover

here,

and

I

could

be

photographing

Beijing

for

the

next

50

years.means[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致?？仗帪楸揪渲^語動(dòng)詞,根據(jù)上下文可知,本句時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);主語the

remarkable

development

of

this

city是單數(shù),所以謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填means。5.[2021·新高考全國Ⅱ卷]

One

of

the

biggest

companies

I

wrote

to

_____(be)

Alaska

Airlines

Paris.was[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。本句的主語是one

of

the

biggest

companies,故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。再根據(jù)wrote可知,此空用一般過去時(shí),故用was?？键c(diǎn)一

語法一致原則語法一致就是謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。句子以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語或從句作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式;主語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。To

studyEnglish

well

is

not

easy.學(xué)好英語并不容易。What

he

said

isvery

important

for

us

all.他所說的話對(duì)我們所有人而言是非常重要的。Reading

in

the

sun

is

bad

for

your

eyes.在陽光下看書對(duì)你的眼睛有害。主語后有with,together

with,

except,

but,

like,

as

well

as,

rather

than,

besides,

including等連接的短語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由主語的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。Mr

Green,

together

withhis

wife

and

children,

has

come

to

China.格林先生及其妻子和孩子已經(jīng)來到中國。Two

students

with

the

teacher

were

at

the

meeting.兩個(gè)學(xué)生和那位老師參加了會(huì)議。續(xù)表在定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞that,

who,

which等作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。He

is

one

of

my

friends

who

areworking

hard.他是我努力工作的朋友中的一個(gè)。續(xù)表在倒裝句中,謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。Here

comes

the

bus.公共汽車來了。On

the

wall

are

many

pictures.墻上有很多圖畫。many

a

和more

than

one加單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Many

a

boy

has

made

the

same

mistakes.許多男孩犯了同樣的錯(cuò)誤。續(xù)表【技法訓(xùn)練一】1.When

and

where

to

go

for

the

on-salary

holiday

______________________(not

decide)

yet.has

not

been

decided[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。句子以“疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式短語”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式,且根據(jù)yet

可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),主語與謂語又為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系;when

and

where

to

go

for

the

on-salary

holiday是一個(gè)整體,謂語用單數(shù)形式,故填has

not

been

decided。2.The

teacher

now

together

with

the

students

___(be)

discussing

Reading

Skills

that

_____(be)

newly

published

in

America.iswas[解析]

考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。主語后有together

with時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由主語的單復(fù)數(shù)決定,

句子主語為the

teacher,且由時(shí)間狀語now可知,第一個(gè)空填is;

第二個(gè)空位于定語從句中,先行詞為Reading

Skills,是一本書,為單數(shù),且根據(jù)語境可知用一般過去時(shí),故第二個(gè)空填was。3.Nowadays,

cycling,

along

with

jogging

and

swimming,

____________(regard)

as

one

of

the

best

all-round

forms

of

exercise.is

regarded[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)nowadays和語境可知,此處應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),由介詞短語along

with可知,謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)該與cycling保持一致,故填is

regarded。4.Delete

the

short

message

at

once!

Many

a

man

___________________(cheat)

by

such

tricks

up

to

now.

has

been

cheated[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。由up

to

now

可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),且主語與cheat為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,又由many

a加單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)可知填has

been

cheated?？键c(diǎn)二

意義一致原則意義一致就是謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)必須和主語的意義一致(因主語有時(shí)形式為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù);有時(shí)形式為復(fù)數(shù),但意義為單數(shù))。表示時(shí)間、重量、長度、價(jià)值等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式,

這是由于作主語的復(fù)數(shù)名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體。Ten

dollars

is

enough

for

him.十美元對(duì)他來說足夠了。Twenty

years

standsfor

a

long

period

in

one's

life.在人的一生里二十年意味著一個(gè)很長的時(shí)期?！皌he+形容詞或分詞等”作主語,表示某一類人時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The

old

aremore

likely

to

catch

a

cold

than

the

young.老年人比年輕人更容易感冒。續(xù)表如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體,其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如果它指集體中的成員,其謂語動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有family,

class,

crowd,

committee,

population,

audience等。［溫馨提示］

people,

police,

cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。My

family

isa

large

one.我家是一個(gè)大家庭。The

family

aresitting

at

the

breakfast

table.這家人正坐在早餐桌旁。The

police

arelooking

for

the

lost

child.警方正在尋找那個(gè)丟失的孩子。續(xù)表由“some/all/most/alot/lots/

plenty/the

rest/the

majority+of+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中of后面名詞的數(shù)而定。［溫馨提示］

a

number

of表示“許多”,作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;the

number

of表示“……的數(shù)量”,主語是number,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Some

of

them

werebarefoot,

and

most

were

in

rags.他們當(dāng)中有些人光著腳,大部分人衣衫襤褸。The

rest

of

the

lecture

isvery

wonderful.講座的其余部分非常精彩。50%of

the

students

in

our

class

aregirls.我們班一半的學(xué)生都是女生。續(xù)表【技法訓(xùn)練二】1.The

staff

___(be)

friendly

and

helpful,

providing

you

with

a

map

of

the

city

when

you

arrive,

and

offering

advice

if

you

require

some.is[解析]

考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。集體名詞

staff

在句子中強(qiáng)調(diào)的是整體概念,謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,由語境可知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故填is。2.A

survey

carried

out

last

year

showed

that

80%

of

the

middle-aged

in

this

city

______(be)

in

favour

of

the

proposal

on

health

care

reform.were[解析]

考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致?！鞍俜?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)該與

of

后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致,

the

middle-aged

指一類人,表示復(fù)數(shù)概念,謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式,且本句的時(shí)間狀語是

last

year,故填were。3.The

number

of

medical

schools

reached

18

in

the

early

1990s

and

______________(remain)

around

that

ever

since.has

remained[解析]

考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。ever

since作時(shí)間狀語,句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),the

number

of表示“……的數(shù)目”,作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填has

remained。4.Of

the

nineteen

recognized

polar

bear

subpopulations,

three

are

declining,

six

____(be)

stable,

one

is

increasing,

and

nine

lack

enough

data.are[解析]

考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)three

are

declining和six可知,此處謂語用復(fù)數(shù),時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故填are?？键c(diǎn)三

就近一致原則在英語句子中,有時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與最鄰近的主語保持一致。(1)當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語由either…or,

neither…nor,whether…or…,not

only…but

also連接時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)和鄰近的主語一致。Either

you

or

Jane

is

to

be

sent

to

New

Zealand.要么你,要么簡將被派往新西蘭。Neither

the

unkind

words

nor

the

unfriendly

attitude

has

caused

me

any

distress.不友善的言語和不友好的態(tài)度都沒有給我?guī)砣魏瓮纯唷?2)there

be句型中be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and連接的兩個(gè)主語,則應(yīng)與最近的那個(gè)主語保持一致。Not

onlyhe

but

alsoall

his

family

are

keen

on

concerts.不僅是他,他全家人都很熱衷于音樂會(huì)。續(xù)表【技法訓(xùn)練三】1.There

____(be)

a

great

number

of

attractions

in

Tianjin,

among

which

I

like

the

Ancient

Cultural

Street

best.are[解析]

考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。

此句為there

be

句型,there

be句型中be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語,此句主語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞,且根據(jù)后文可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故填are。2.Not

only

his

parents

but

also

his

elder

brother

__________(go)

to

the

Summer

Palace.

They

haven't

been

back

yet.has

gone[解析]

考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。not

only…but

(also)…連接的并列成分作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞與but

(also)后的成分在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致;再結(jié)合語境“They

haven't

been

back

yet.”可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填has

gone。3.Either

you

or

one

of

your

students

___(be)

to

attend

the

meeting

that

is

due

tomorrow.is[解析]

考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。either…or…“要么……要么……,或者……或者……”連接并列主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞遵循就近一致的原則,故謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)和one

of

your

students保持一致,根據(jù)語境可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故填

is。Ⅰ

單句填空1.All

the

scientific

evidence

_______(show)

that

the

increasing

use

of

chemicals

in

farming

is

damaging

our

health.shows[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。主句的主語evidence在此處是不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,且根據(jù)語境可知,時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填shows。2.One

third

of

the

country

___(be)

covered

with

trees

and

the

majority

of

the

citizens

are

black

people.is[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中of后面名詞的數(shù)而定,故謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,再根據(jù)are可知時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故填is。3.It's

fun

for

amateurs

to

try,

but

to

become

good

at

it,

not

only

years

of

practice

but

also

natural

talent

__________(need).is

needed[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞語態(tài)和主謂一致?！皀ot

only…but

also…”連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)遵循就近原則,故此處謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,且主語與動(dòng)詞need之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填is

needed。4.The

police

_______________(search)

the

murderer

everywhere

when

he

suddenly

appeared

in

the

theatre.were

searching[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句型sb

be

doing

sth

when…表示“某人正在……這時(shí)……”,根據(jù)appeared可知主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí),表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,police是集體名詞,作主語表示“警方”時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填were

searching。5.If

you

look

at

all

sides

of

the

situation,

you'll

probably

find

a

solution

that

______(suit)

everyone.suits[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子可知,定語從句在陳述事實(shí),用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語that指代先行詞a

solution,是第三人稱單數(shù),故定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。故填suits。6.It's

reported

that

many

a

house

______________(damage)

by

the

typhoon,

which

struck

the

city

last

week.was

damaged[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語last

week可知,用一般過去時(shí),且主語

many

a

house與damage之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài),“many

a+單數(shù)名詞”作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。故填was

damaged。7.Since

last

month,

George,

along

with

some

of

his

former

classmates,

____________(desire)

to

have

a

20-year

gathering

during

this

summer

holiday.has

desired[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語since

last

month可知,此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。結(jié)合along

with遵循就遠(yuǎn)原則可知,謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與主語George保持人稱和數(shù)的一致,George

為第三人稱單數(shù),故填has

desired。8.All

we

need

___(be)

a

small

piece

of

land

where

we

can

plant

various

kinds

of

fruit

trees

throughout

the

growing

seasons

of

the

year.is[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)a

small

piece

of

land可知謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,又根據(jù)從句的時(shí)態(tài)可知空處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填is。9.Typically,

with

high-status

and

well-paid

jobs

_______(come)

far

more

pressure

than

assumed.comes[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。此句是“介詞短語+謂語+主語”型的完全倒裝句,pressure是主語,謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù),且句子陳述客觀事實(shí),應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填comes。10.The

number

of

foreign

students

attending

Chinese

universities

________________(rise)

steadily

since

1997.has

been

rising[解析]

考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致?！皌he

number

of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式;由since

1997及語境可知,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填has

been

rising。Ⅱ

語法填空［2024·山東濰坊高三三模］

Anyone

visiting

Xizang

and

exploring

its

culture

would

visit

the

temples

to

view

the

colourful

and

educational

Tibetan

Thangka

(唐卡)

paintings.

They

are

traditionally

painted

on

either

cotton

or

silk,

with

1.________(loose)

woven

cotton

being

the

most

common.

The

paintings

usually

show

religious

scenes,

as

indicated

by

their

name,

Thangka,

2._________(mean)

“recorded

message”

in

Tibetan.looselymeaning12345678910

The

Tibetan

Thangka

is

3.____

art

form

that

originated

in

Nepal

and

was

brought

to

Xizang

later.

The

Thangka

paintings

were

developed

over

the

centuries

from

the

early

murals

(壁畫)

that

can

be

seen

in

4.______

is

titled

“Library

Caves”,

such

as

the

Ajanta

Caves

in

India

and

the

Mogao

Caves

in

China.anwhat12345678910

The

Mogao

Caves

were

previously

a

storage

place

of

many

Tibetan

paintings

on

cloth,

including

the

earliest

surviving

Thangka

dated

to

be

from

around

780—848

AD

5.______

the

region

was

under

Tibetan

rule.

Historians

note

that

between

the

14th

and

15th

century,

Tibetan

paintings

6.___________(integrate)

many

elements

from

the

Chinese

murals.whenintegrated12345678910

The

Thangka

painting

is

not

a

flat

creation

but

consists

of

a

painted

picture

panel,

over

which

a

fabric

is

mounted,

and

then

over

which

7._______(lay)

a

cover,

usually

silk.

It

is

the

nature

of

8._________(delicate)

that

makes

Thangkas

prefer

dry

places

9.___________(prevent)

the

quality

of

the

silk

from

being

affected

by

wetness.

When

they

are

not

in

use,

they

remain

rolled

up,

with

coverings

on

the

back

and

front

to

protect

the

painting.

10.___________(keep)

in

this

way

helps

Thangkas

last

for

a

very

long

time.is

laiddelicacyto

preventBeing

kept【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了西藏唐卡。123456789101.________loosely[解析]

考查副詞?？仗幮揎梬oven，應(yīng)用副詞形式，故填loosely。2._________meaning[解析]

考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞mean和Thangka之間是主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，故填meaning。3.____an[解析]

考查冠詞。form是可數(shù)名詞，此處表示泛指，應(yīng)用不定冠詞，且art是以元音音素開頭的單詞，故填an。123456789104.______what[解析]

考查賓語從句?？仗幰龑?dǎo)賓語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語，指物，應(yīng)用連接代詞what引導(dǎo)，故填what。5.______when[解析]

考查定語從句?？仗幰龑?dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是780—848

AD，關(guān)系詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)，故填when。123456789106.___________integrated[解析]

考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語between

the

14th

and

15th

century可知句子是描述過去發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，故填integrated。7._______is

laid[解析]

考查時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。over

which…a

cover是介詞短語位于句首的完全倒裝句，a

cover是主語，主語與動(dòng)詞lay之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，根據(jù)上文時(shí)態(tài)可知，空處也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填is

laid。123456789108._________delicacy[解析]

考查名詞?？仗帒?yīng)填名詞作of的賓語，delicacy“精美；脆弱”為不可數(shù)名詞，故填delicacy。9.___________to

prevent[解析]

考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示目的，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語，故填to

prevent。1234567891010.___________Being

kept[解析]

考查非謂語動(dòng)詞?？仗帒?yīng)填動(dòng)名詞作主語，且keep和Thangkas之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式，故填Being

kept。12345678910Ⅲ

語法與寫作—主謂一致在寫作中的運(yùn)用1.[2024·全國甲卷書面表達(dá)]

The

shared

bicycle,

favoured

for

its

convenience

and

low

carbon,

__________________

and

has

gained

widespread

popularity.共享單車因其方便和低碳而受到青睞，在全球范圍內(nèi)被使用并受到了廣泛的歡迎。is

used

worldwide2.[2024·北京卷書面表達(dá)]

Then,

projects

like

the

Belt

and

Road

Initiative

___________________

to

discuss

because

it

showcases

China's

determination

to

build

a

shared

future

with

the

world.然后，像

“一帶一路”

倡議這樣的項(xiàng)目是一個(gè)很好的討論話題，因?yàn)樗故玖酥袊c世界共同構(gòu)建未來的決心。make

a

good