Unit4EarthquakesPart1清單式背誦——主干知識(shí)一遍過1.rightaway立刻；馬上eg.(2022·揚(yáng)州模擬)Luckily,someneighborspassingbystoppedandofferedhelp.AsenseofstrengthreplacedthemountingfearandanxietyinJane’smindrightaway.幸運(yùn)的是，一些路過的鄰居停下來(lái)提供幫助。一種力量感立刻取代了簡(jiǎn)心中日益增加的恐懼和焦慮?！韭?lián)想】表示“立刻；馬上”的詞語(yǔ)：rightnow，atonce，innotime，immediately，instantly2.burstvi.(burst，burst)爆裂；爆發(fā)(blowup，explode)；突然出現(xiàn)n.突然破裂(crack)；爆發(fā)burstoutcrying/laughing/cheering突然哭/笑/歡呼起來(lái)burstintotears/laughter/cheers突然哭/笑/歡呼起來(lái)burstin/into闖入，突然破門而入eg.ReadingTheEmperor’sNewClothes，Ihadtoletoutaburstoflaughteroverhisfoolishness.讀了《皇帝的新裝》，我不禁為他的愚蠢而捧腹大笑?！军c(diǎn)撥】(1)burstin中的in是副詞，后面不接賓語(yǔ)；(2)burstinto中的into是介詞，后面應(yīng)接賓語(yǔ)。3.atanend結(jié)束；終結(jié)?attheendof...在……盡頭，在……末端bytheendof到……結(jié)束時(shí)，到……時(shí)候?yàn)橹?常與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用)intheend最后；終于?cometoanend結(jié)束putanendtosth結(jié)束；終結(jié)?endupwith以……結(jié)束endupdoingsth以做……結(jié)束4.ruinvt.毀滅；破壞；使破產(chǎn)(bankrupt)n.(常用復(fù)數(shù))廢墟；遺跡；[U]毀滅?(lie/be)inruins嚴(yán)重受損；破敗不堪bereducedtoruins淪為廢墟undertheruins在廢墟下面theruinofcivilization文明的毀滅goto/fallintoruin滅亡；荒廢；衰落?ruinone’shealth/fame/future毀壞某人的健康/聲譽(yù)/前途5.injurevt.損害；傷害(wound，hurt)；損壞(名譽(yù))；傷害(感情、自尊等)(harm)?be/getinjured受傷?injuredadj.受傷的；受委屈的beseriously/slightlyinjured受重/輕傷theinjured傷者，傷員(作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式)?injuryn.傷；傷口；傷害ahead/kneeinjury頭部/膝蓋受傷dosbaninjury＝doaninjurytosb傷害某人personalinjury人身傷害6.shockvt.&vi.(使)震驚；震動(dòng)n.休克；打擊；震驚?shockingadj.令人震驚的?shockedadj.震驚的；憤慨的beshockedtodosth做某事很震驚beshockedat...對(duì)……感到震驚beshockedthat...對(duì)……感到震驚7.rescuen.&vt.援救；營(yíng)救rescue...from...把……從……救出來(lái)come/gotosb’srescue＝rescuesb營(yíng)救某人eg.Duringthedisaster,therescueteamcametomanypeople’srescue，andthedoctorsnevergaveupanyhopeofrescuingthemfromdanger.在這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難中，援救隊(duì)營(yíng)救了很多人；醫(yī)生們從沒放棄使他們脫離危險(xiǎn)的任何希望。8.trapvt.使陷入困境；設(shè)陷阱捕捉n.陷阱；困境trapsbinto(doing)...誘使某人(做)……betrappedin(＝bestuck/caughtin)被……困住9.buryvt.埋葬；掩埋；隱藏(cover)vi.使陷入；沉浸buryoneselfin/beburiedin(doing)sth專心致志于(做)某事beburied/lostinthought在沉思中eg.(2022·邯鄲模擬)Sheburiedherfaceinherhandsandsatdownonthefloor.她雙手捂著臉，坐在地板上?！韭?lián)想】表示“專心于；致力于”的表達(dá)還有：bedevotedto，belostin，beengagedin，beabsorbedin，focus/concentrateon，putone’sheartinto，applyoneselfto10.sheltern.[C]掩蔽；掩蔽處；避身處；[U]居所；住處；保護(hù)；掩蔽vt.掩蔽；保護(hù)；為……提供避難所vi.躲避；避難eg.Thenumberoffamiliesseekingshelterroseby17percent.尋求避難的家庭數(shù)增加了17%。Theybuiltaroughshelterfromoldpiecesofwood.他們用舊木條搭了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)陋的避身處。Theseplantsmustbeshelteredfromdirectsunlight.這種植物必須遮起來(lái)，免受陽(yáng)光直射。11.a(great)numberof許多；大量的?anumberof只修飾可數(shù)名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；在number之前可加large,small,great等表示程度的詞。?thenumberof意為“……的數(shù)目”，后接可數(shù)名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式?！韭?lián)想】“許多；大量的”的常用短語(yǔ)還有：agreatmany/quiteafew＋可數(shù)名詞agreatdeal/amountof＋不可數(shù)名詞agreatquantity/plenty/massesof＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞12.damagen.&vt.損失；損害?do/causedamageto給……帶來(lái)/造成毀壞braindamage頭部損傷?bebadlydamaged遭受嚴(yán)重?fù)p害damageone’shealth損害某人的健康13.frightenvt.使驚嚇；嚇唬?frightensb/sthaway把……嚇跑?frightenedadj.受驚的；受恐嚇的befrightenedof(doing)sth/todosth害怕(做)某事/某物befrightenedat/by...因……害怕frightenedchildren受到驚嚇的孩子們?frighteningadj.令人恐懼的afrighteningexperience/thought可怕的經(jīng)歷/念頭【聯(lián)想】“－ing/－ed”結(jié)尾的形容詞：shocking令人震驚的；shocked感到震驚的terrifying令人恐懼的；terrified感到害怕的disappointing令人失望的；disappointed感到失望的surprising令人吃驚的；surprised感到吃驚的14.congratulationn.祝賀；賀詞?(express/send/offerone’s)congratulationstosb(onsth)(因某事)祝賀某人congratulationstosbonsth祝賀某人某事?congratulatevt.祝賀congratulatesbon(doing)sth因(做)某事向某人祝賀15.judgevt.斷定；判斷；判決；評(píng)判(evaluate)n.裁判員(referee)；法官；評(píng)判員?judge...from/by...依據(jù)……來(lái)判斷asfarasIcanjudge據(jù)我判斷；我認(rèn)為?judgmentn.看法；判斷力；判決eg.Judgingfromtheirspeeches，ConfuciusInstituteshaveanincreasingimpactonthelocalpeople.(事物介紹)從他們的言談中可以判斷，孔子學(xué)院對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厝说挠绊懭找婕哟蟆！军c(diǎn)撥】judgingfrom/by表示“從……來(lái)看”，用在句首時(shí)為一個(gè)獨(dú)立成分，不受句子主語(yǔ)和時(shí)態(tài)的影響。16.expressvt.表示；表達(dá)n.快車；速遞adj.特快的；快遞的?expressone’sthanks/gratitude/appreciationto表達(dá)對(duì)……的感謝/感激expressone’ssatisfactionwith表達(dá)對(duì)……的滿意expressoneself表達(dá)自己的思想?expressbus/tain特快公共汽車/列車expressdeliveryservices快遞服務(wù)eg.WhattroublesmemostisthatIseemtohavetroubleexpressingmyselfcorrectly.最讓我煩惱的是，我似乎很難正確地表達(dá)自己。教材詞塊1.thinklittleoftheseevents不重視這些事情2.digoutthosewhoweretrapped掘出被困的那些人3.comeoutofthecracks從裂縫中出來(lái)4.inthefarmyards在庭院里5.morebuildingsfalldown更多的樓塌了6.cutacrosshouses穿過房屋7.blowthemaway把它們吹走8.aletterofinvitation一封邀請(qǐng)信9.giveaspeech做演講10.beveryproudofyou以你為驕傲11.expressmythanks表達(dá)我的謝意12.informationaboutwhatishappeningaroundtheworld關(guān)于世界各地正在發(fā)生的事情的信息13.wakeupallthepeople叫醒所有人14.putupshelters搭起避難所15.ateamofcyclistsknownasBikersforDisaster－HitAreas作為“助災(zāi)車隊(duì)”而出名的一個(gè)自行車隊(duì)教材佳句1.Thousandsoffamilieswerekilledandmanychildrenwereleftwithoutparents.(介賓短語(yǔ)作補(bǔ)語(yǔ))成千上萬(wàn)個(gè)家庭遇難，許多孩子變成了孤兒。2.Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.(everywhere作連詞)他們無(wú)論朝哪里看，那里的一切幾乎都被毀了。3.Themanwassleepingdownstairswhentheearthquakehappened.(并列連詞when)那個(gè)人正在樓下睡覺，突然發(fā)生了地震。4.WearepleasedtotellyouthatyouhavewonthehighschoolspeakingcompetitionaboutnewTangshan.(不定式作原因狀語(yǔ))我們很高興地告訴你，你在以新唐山為主題的高中演講比賽中獲勝了。1.Allhopewasnotlost.不是所有的希望都破滅了。句型公式|all...not＝notall...表示部分否定(1)英語(yǔ)中的all，both，every，everybody，everything，completely，always，whole，entirely等與否定詞not連用，無(wú)論not位置如何，均構(gòu)成部分否定，表示“并非……都……”的意思。(2)英語(yǔ)中的no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，noone，nowhere等表否定意義的詞(組)與肯定式謂語(yǔ)一起使用構(gòu)成“全部否定”。①Lifeisnotallroses.人生并不都是康莊大道。②Allthatglittersisnotgold.發(fā)光的不一定都是金子。2.Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!仿佛到了世界末日！句型公式|Itseemed/seems(tosb)asif...(1)如果從句表示的情況是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生的，從句謂語(yǔ)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。(2)如果從句所陳述的情況是不真實(shí)的或極少可能發(fā)生的，從句謂語(yǔ)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：did/were與過去事實(shí)相反：haddone與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反：would/could...＋do(3)如果asif/though引導(dǎo)的從句中的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)相同，且含有be動(dòng)詞，可省略從句主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞。①(2022·濟(jì)南模擬)Itseemsasifheislookingforsomething.他看起來(lái)好像在找什么東西。②(2022·沈陽(yáng)三模)Whenhismotherkissedhimonthecheek,itseemedasifthebabywereontopoftheworld.當(dāng)他的母親親吻嬰兒的面頰時(shí)，他似乎高興極了。③Theoldmanwaslyingonthegroundasif(hewas)hurtbadly.老人躺在地上，好像傷得很厲害。Part2學(xué)案式檢測(cè)——背誦效果速評(píng)估(限時(shí)20分鐘)Ⅰ.單詞過關(guān)檢測(cè)課內(nèi)基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)——英漢互譯1.burstvi.爆裂；爆發(fā)n.突然破裂；爆發(fā)2.rescuen.&vt.援救；營(yíng)救3.buryvt.埋葬；掩埋；隱藏4.destroyvt.破壞；毀壞；消滅5.damagen.&vt.損失；損害6.ruinn.廢墟；毀滅vt.毀滅；使破產(chǎn)7.trapvt.使陷入困境n.陷阱；困境8.sheltern.掩蔽；掩蔽處；避身處9.reportern.記者10.titlen.標(biāo)題；頭銜；資格11.earthquaken.地震12.crackn.裂縫；噼啪聲vt.&vi.(使)開裂；破裂13.eventn.事件；大事14.steamn.蒸汽；水汽15.trackn.軌道；足跡；痕跡16.outlinen.要點(diǎn)；大綱；輪廓課外拓展延伸——詞形變換1.nationn.民族；國(guó)家；國(guó)民→national__adj.民族的；國(guó)家的；國(guó)民的→nationality__n.國(guó)籍2.dirtn.污垢；泥土→dirtyadj.臟的，骯臟的3.suffervt.&vi.遭受；經(jīng)受(痛苦)→sufferer__n.受難者；受苦者；患病者→suffering__n.苦難；痛苦4.extremeadj.極度的→extremely__adv.極度地5.injurevt.損害；傷害→injury__n.傷害；損害→injured__adj.受傷的6.survivev.存活；幸存→survivorn.幸存者；生還者；殘存物7.shockvt.&vi.(使)震驚；震動(dòng)n.休克；打擊；震驚→shocking__adj.令人震驚的→shocked__adj.感到震驚的8.electricadj.關(guān)于電的；與電有關(guān)的；電氣科學(xué)的→electrical__adj.用電的；電動(dòng)的；通電的→electricityn.電；電流；電學(xué)9.frightenvt.使驚嚇；嚇?！鷉rightened__adj.受驚的；受恐嚇的→frightening__adj.令人恐懼的10.congratulatevt.祝賀→congratulation__n.祝賀；(復(fù)數(shù))賀詞11.judgen.裁判員；法官vt.斷定；判斷；判決→judgment__n.看法，意見；判斷力；審判，判決12.sincereadj.真誠(chéng)的；真摯的→sincerely__adv.真誠(chéng)地；真摯地13.expressvt.表示；表達(dá)n.快車；速遞→expression__n.表達(dá)；表情Ⅱ.短語(yǔ)詞塊過關(guān)檢測(cè)課內(nèi)基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)——英漢互譯1.right__away立刻；馬上2.dig__out掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn)3.at__an__end結(jié)束；終結(jié)4.in__ruins嚴(yán)重受損；破敗不堪5.think__little__of__these__events不重視這些事情6.a(great)numberof許多；大量的7.judgingfrom從……判斷8.betrappedin陷入9.inthefarmyards在庭院里10.putupshelters搭起避難所課外拓展延伸——英漢互譯1.be__reduced__to__ruins淪為廢墟2.do__sb__an__injury/do__an__injury__to__sb傷害某人3.be__shocked__to__do__sth做某事很震驚4.bury__oneself__in/be__buried__in__(doing)__sth專心致志于(做)某事5.the__number__of……的數(shù)目6.congratulations__to__sb__on__sth祝賀某人某事7.as__far__as__I__can__judge據(jù)我判斷；我認(rèn)為8.burstoutcrying/laughing/cheering突然哭/笑/歡呼起來(lái)9.putanendtosth結(jié)束；終結(jié)10.mentalsuffering精神上的痛苦11.come/gotosb’srescue營(yíng)救某人12.damageone’shealth損害某人的健康13.afrighteningexperience/thought可怕的經(jīng)歷/念頭14.expressone’sthanksto表達(dá)對(duì)……的感謝Ⅲ.句式過關(guān)檢測(cè)課內(nèi)基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)——補(bǔ)全句子/翻譯句子1.他們無(wú)論朝哪里看，那里的一切幾乎都被毀了。(everywhere作連詞)Everywhere__they__lookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.2.那個(gè)人正在樓下睡覺，突然發(fā)生了地震。(并列連詞when)The__man__was__sleeping__downstairs__whentheearthquakehappened.3.不是所有的希望都破滅了。(部分否定)All__hope__was__not__lost.4.我們很高興地告訴你，你在以新唐山為主題的高中演講比賽中獲勝了。(pleased)We__are__pleased__to__tell__you__thatyouhavewonthehighschoolspeakingcompetitionaboutnewTangshan.課外拓展延伸——補(bǔ)全句子1.從他們的言談中可以得知，孔子學(xué)院對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厝说挠绊懭找婕哟蟆?judge)Judging__from__their__speeches，ConfuciusInstituteshaveanincreasingimpactonthelocalpeople.2.她雙手捂著臉，坐在地板上。(bury)She__buried__her__face__in__her__handsandsatdownonthefloor.3.最讓我煩惱的是，我似乎很難正確地表達(dá)自己。(express)WhattroublesmemostisthatIseemtohave__trouble__expressing__myself__correctly.4.當(dāng)他的母親親吻嬰兒的面頰時(shí)，他似乎高興極了。(Itseemedasif)Whenhismotherkissedhimonthecheek，it__seemed__as__if__the__baby__were__on__top__of__the__world.Part3層級(jí)式精練——單元要點(diǎn)全練通1.burst用法個(gè)個(gè)清——練用法/猜詞義/寫美句①(2022·徐州模擬)Icouldn’tevensortthroughthefirstboxofourdogBama’stoyswithoutburstingintotears.②(2022·煙臺(tái)檢測(cè))Lungswerenearlybursting,andIstruggledtoliftmyheadoutofthewater.vi.爆裂③(2020·浙江7月卷)By9：33am，aburstofadditionaltrafficmightpushitto145seconds.n.突然的迸發(fā)④Lungs__nearly__bursting,__I__struggled__to__lift__my__head__out__of__the__water.(把②改為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))2.ruin用法巧練通——練用法/寫美句①Hemadeamistake，whichruined(ruin)thechanceofgoingabroad.②WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday，theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.③Hemadeamistake，ruining__the__chance__of__going__abroad.(用分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)改寫①)3.bury用法一遍過——練用法/寫美句①ThoughIam__buried(bury)inbooksthesedays，Ihavestilljoinedseveralstudentclubsinordertoimprovemyself.②Hesankintoachair，burying(bury)hisfaceinhishands.③Though__buried__in__books__these__days，Ihavestilljoinedseveralstudentclubsinordertoimprovemyself.(用省略句改寫①)4.judge用法面面觀——練用法/寫美句①Judging(judge)fromtheabovestory，wecandrawtheconclusionthatwecan’tjudgeamanby/fromhislooks.②Apparently，blindlyfollowingothers’advicewillaffectourownjudgment/judgement(judge).③我寫信邀請(qǐng)你擔(dān)任6月15日在我們學(xué)校舉辦的英語(yǔ)演講比賽的裁判。I’m__writing__to__invite__you__to__be__a__judgeatourEnglishSpeechContesttobeheldinourschoolonJune15.5.end用法一網(wǎng)收——練用法/寫美句①Thespeechcontestwasatanend.Thankfully，Iendedupwinningthefirstprizeandmyhardworkpaidoffin__theend.②Themeetingcametoanendandhesetdownanumberofkeywords.③(2020·天津7月卷書面表達(dá))在儀式結(jié)束時(shí)，還發(fā)布了抗擊新冠肺炎疫情的視頻，讓我們深受感動(dòng)。At__the__end__of__the__ceremony，avideoaboutfightingagainstCOVID－19wasreleasedforustowatch，whichmovedusdeeply.6.“好像”句型薈萃——練用法/寫美句①Althoughitiswinter，itseemsasifitwere(be)spring.②Itseemedasifshehad__known(know)nothingaboutit.Actually，shehadbeeninformedofthetruth.③云在聚集。天好像要下雨了。Cloudsaregathering.It__seems__as__if__it__is__going__to__rain.7.“全部否定與部分否定”用法全接觸——練用法/寫美句①Nothingintheworldisdifficultifonesetshismindtoit.②他把所有的消息都告訴了我，沒有一個(gè)是有趣的。Hetoldmeallpiecesofthenews，butnone__of__them__was__interesting.③所有的人都得到工作是不可能的，因?yàn)椴⒎撬械娜硕歼m合這些工作。It’simpossibleforalltheapplicantstogetthejobs，becausenot__all__of__them__are__fit__for__them.維度一詞形變化練1.Toourrelief，uptonowtheinjured(injure)inthecrashhavebeencarriedtothenearbyhospital.2.(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremely(extreme)influentialwhenwe’remakingdecisions.3.Laughterisoneofthemostinfectiousexpressions(express)ofemotion.4.(2020·天津7月卷)Joneswasshocked(shock)whenshesaidthatshedidn’tactuallymindbeingcheated.5.(浙江卷)Theman－on－the－streetinterviewisaninterviewinwhichareporter(report)hitsthestreetswithacameramantointerviewpeopleonthespot.6.Workersbuiltshelters(shelter)forsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyedintheterribleearthquake.7.WhatmademeupsetwasthatallthemeasuresItooktokeepmyselffrombeingbittenbytheinsectsproveduseless(use).8.Shereceivedmanylettersofsupportfromfellowsufferers(suffer).9.Isincerely(sincere)hopethatIcanhavetheopportunitytotalkwiththefamousscientistfacetoface.維度二固定用法練1.(2019·浙江卷)Weallknowthatexerciseisgoodforus，butsometimesitseemstoohardto__leave(leave)thesofa.2.(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))Inaddition，thereareagreatnumberoffamousartistswhosemasterpieceswillbeonexhibition.3.(2020·浙江7月卷)Ihadtotakeaction，soIpickedmycourageandtriedtofrightenhimawaywiththepepperspray(胡椒噴霧劑)，butfinallyfailed.4.SanFranciscolayinruinseventhoughrescuersmanagedtodigoutagreatnumberofsurvivors.5.I’msorrythatIforgottobringyourmedicinedownstairs；I’llgoupstairsandgetitrightaway.6.Theythinklittleofthedifficultiesandsetbacksontheirwayforward.7.(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Studiesfoundthatpeoplewhowokeupearlyforexercisesleptbetterthanthosewhoexercisedintheevening.維度三語(yǔ)境辨義練■熟詞生義——根據(jù)語(yǔ)境寫出加黑詞的詞性和詞義1.(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Wewererespectfulofcraft(技藝)andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.深入研究2.(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(吃點(diǎn)心)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However，becarefulnottogotoextremes.走極端■一詞多義——根據(jù)語(yǔ)境選出track的含義A.n.足跡；軌跡B.n.小路，小徑C.n.跑道；徑賽運(yùn)動(dòng)D.vt.跟蹤；追蹤1.(全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))Ourschoolhasabiggymnasiumandplaygroundwithmodernfacilities，suchasalawnfootballfield，plastictracks.C2.(浙江卷)UnclePaulcried，“andkeeptothetracksothatyoudon’tgetlost！”A3.(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)InstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife.D4.Theonlymeansofaccesstothebuildingisalongamuddytrack.B人與自然——自然災(zāi)害與防范用本單元詞匯、句式和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)完成作文某地發(fā)生地震后，許多互聯(lián)網(wǎng)科技企業(yè)、各大旅游網(wǎng)站和汽車公司等紛紛在第一時(shí)間加入搶險(xiǎn)救災(zāi)的行列。請(qǐng)你以災(zāi)區(qū)學(xué)生李華的名義給這些企業(yè)寫一封感謝信，表達(dá)你的感激之情。Dearsir/madam，I’mwritingto1.express__my__thanks__for__your__timely__rescue(對(duì)你們及時(shí)的救助表達(dá)感謝)，withoutwhichmylifecouldn’thavereturnedtonormal.Afewdaysago，anextremelyfrighteningearthquakestruckmyhometown，which2.left__a__great__number__of__houses__in__ruins(使大量的房屋淪為廢墟)andcompletelydestroyedmyhouse.Shockedtofindeverythingburiedunderthefallenhouses，I3.burst__into__tears/burst__out__crying(突然哭起來(lái)).AsfarasIcanjudge，4.it__seemed__as__if__the__world__was__at__an__end(仿佛到了世界末日).Thankfully，strangersasyouare，youhavedoneeverythinginyourpowerto5.help__me__have__a__shelter__to__live__in(幫我有住處)andenoughfoodandwatertosurviveon.Therefore，Ican’texpressmygratitudetoomuch.Yours，LiHua

Part4配餐式作業(yè)——高考題型精準(zhǔn)練(限時(shí)30分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2022·貴陽(yáng)市高三適應(yīng)性考試)A15－year－oldColoradohighschoolstudentandyoungscientistwhohasusedartificialintelligence(AI)andcreatedappstoaddresspolluteddrinkingwaterandothersocialproblemshasbeennamedTimemagazine’sfirst－ever“KidoftheYear”.RaotoldTheAssociatedPressinaninterviewfromherhomethattheprizeis“nothingthatIcouldhaveeverimagined.AndI’msogratefulandjustsoexcitedthatwe’rereallytakingalookattheupcominggenerationandourgeneration，sincethefutureisinourhands.”TimesaidRaostoodoutforcreatingaglobalcommunityofyounginnovatorsandinspiringthemtopursuetheirgoals.Raoinsistedthatstartingoutsmalldoesn’tmatter，aslongasyou’repassionateaboutit.ShetoldTimecontributingeditorAngelinaJolieinaninterviewthathersciencepursuitsstartedearlyasawaytoimprovesocialconditions.ThedrinkingwatercrisisinFlint，Michigan，inspiredhertodevelopawaytodetectpollutantsandsendthoseresultstoamobilephone，shesaid.“Iwaslike10whenItoldmyparentsthatIwantedtoresearchcarbonnanotube(納米管)sensortechnologyattheDenverWaterqualityresearchlab，andmymumwaslike，‘Awhat？’”RaotoldJolie.Shesaidthatwork“isgoingtobeinourgeneration’shandsprettysoon.Soifnooneelseisgonnadoit，I’mgonnadoit.”Inaworldwherescienceisincreasinglyquestionedorchallenged，Raoinsistedthatitspursuitisanactofkindness，thebestwaythatayoungergenerationcanbettertheworld.“Wehavescienceineverythingwe’reinvolvedin，andIthinkthat’sthebiggestthingtoputoutthere，thatscienceiscool，innovatingiscool，andanybodycanbeaninnovator，”Raosaid.“Anybodycandoscience.”【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是記敘文，主要介紹了一名15歲的科羅拉多州高中生Rao利用人工智能開發(fā)出應(yīng)用程序來(lái)解決一些社會(huì)問題，她被《時(shí)代》雜志評(píng)為有史以來(lái)首位“年度兒童”。1.WhatdidRaothinkoftheawardshereceived?A.Itwasamarkofsocialprogress.B.Itwasarecognitionofherwork.C.Itwasaninspirationtotheyouth.D.Itwasatitlebeyondherexpectation.答案D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“nothingthatIcouldhaveeverimagined”可知，Rao認(rèn)為這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)是她無(wú)法想象的東西，顯然Rao認(rèn)為這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)出乎她的意料(beyondherexpectation)。]2.WhywouldRaostarttopursuescience?A.Toencouragepeopletoaimhigh.B.Topursueherpassionforresearch.C.Tochangethesocietyforthebetter.D.Tostopsciencefrombeingquestioned.答案C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知，Rao在接受《時(shí)代》雜志撰稿編輯AngelinaJolie采訪時(shí)說，她早期的科學(xué)追求就是為了改善社會(huì)狀況。顯然Rao的目的是“讓社會(huì)變得更好”。]3.WhichwordcanbestdescribeRao?A.Cool. B.Kind.C.Independent. D.Creative.答案D[推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“createdappstoaddresspolluteddrinkingwaterandothersocialproblems”以及最后一段中的“thatscienceiscool...canbeaninnovator”可以推斷出，Rao是一個(gè)有創(chuàng)造力的孩子。]4.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Toreportayounggenius.B.Tointroducenewinventions.C.Toimprovesocialconditions.D.Topresentartificialintelligence.答案A[主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了一名15歲的科羅拉多州高中生Rao，她用人工智能開發(fā)出應(yīng)用程序來(lái)解決一些社會(huì)問題，她被《時(shí)代》雜志評(píng)為有史以來(lái)首位“年度兒童”。故A項(xiàng)“報(bào)道一位年輕的天才”正確。]【詞匯積累】1.upcomingadj.即將來(lái)臨的2.innovator/'?n?ve?t?(r)/n.改革者，創(chuàng)新者3.detectvt.發(fā)現(xiàn)；查出；探測(cè)B(2022·菏澤市高三模擬)Theaveragebear，itseems，isgettingeversmarter.First，itturnedoutthatatleastonecanuseacomb.Nowitappearsthatsomecancount，too.JenniferVonk，fromOaklandUniversity，inMichigan，andMichaelBeran，fromGeorgiaStateUniversity，setthreeAmericanblackbearsthetaskofdistinguishingbetweennumericallylargerandsmallergroupsofdots(點(diǎn))onacomputerscreen.Inreturnforafoodrewardonebear，Brutus，wouldtouchthemoreheavilydottedpatternwithhisnose.Theothers，BellaandDusty，wouldtouchthescreenwiththeirclaws(爪).AstheresearchersreportinAnimalBehaviour，thebearsdidbestwithpatternswherethecoloureddotsdidnotmoveandwheremoreofthemalsotookupalargercolouredarea.Thiscouldbeexplainedbythebears’distinguishingthedifferentareasofcolourratherthantrulycountingthedots.However，thethreebearsmanagedtopickoutthebiggernumberofdotseveninpairsofpatternswherefewerdotstookupalargerarea.Movingpatterns，whereeachdotfolloweditsownpatharoundthescreen，weremoreofachallenge.ButBrutus，atleast，wasnotdefeated.Heseemedtobecountingmobiledotsevenwhenthescientiststriedtomisleadhimbymovingthetotalcolouredareaofthedotsatthesametime.Itisnotentirelysurprisingthatbearsshouldhaveahighdegreeofintelligence.Theyfacealotofchallengeswhentryingtogetfood.Theyare，however，alwaysalone，andsodonothavethecomplexsocialsystemsthatcontributetoanimalsmarts.Perhaps，then，theirmathsskilldevelopsbecausetheycannotcountontheirfriendsforhelp.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說明文。研究表明，熊不僅會(huì)使用梳子，有些熊還會(huì)數(shù)數(shù)。熊總是獨(dú)自應(yīng)對(duì)生活中的很多挑戰(zhàn)，這可能解釋了它們?yōu)槭裁从懈咧巧獭?.Whattaskdidthescientistssetforthethreebears?A.Distinguishingdifferentdotpatterns.B.Figuringoutdifferentcoloursofdots.C.Puttingthedotsintodifferentlycolouredgroups.D.Pickingoutthegroupwithalargernumberofdots.答案D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“setthreeAmericanblackbears...andsmallergroupsofdots(點(diǎn))onacomputerscreen”和第三段尾句可知，科學(xué)家們給這三頭熊安排的任務(wù)是在電腦屏幕上選出點(diǎn)數(shù)較多的一組。]6.Forthebears，thetaskwaseasierwhen________.A.thecoloureddotsweremovingslowlyB.thedotpatternswereregularinshapeC.thedotsfollowedapathonthescreenD.moredotscoveredalargercolouredarea答案D[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的“thebearsdidbest...tookupalargercolouredarea”可知，在那些彩色的點(diǎn)不移動(dòng)和更多的點(diǎn)占據(jù)了更大的彩色區(qū)域的圖案上，熊表現(xiàn)最好；據(jù)此可知，對(duì)熊來(lái)說，當(dāng)更多的點(diǎn)覆蓋更大的彩色區(qū)域時(shí)，這個(gè)任務(wù)更容易。]7.Whatmayexplainthebears’highdegreeofintelligence?A.Theylearnskillsfromotheranimals.B.Theyfacelifechallengesontheirown.C.Theyfeedonadiverserangeoffood.D.Theyhavecomplexsocialnetworks.答案B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一、二句和第三句中的“Theyare，however，alwaysalone”可知，熊擁有高水平的智力并不完全令人驚訝；它們?cè)讷@取食物時(shí)面臨著很多挑戰(zhàn)，而且它們總是單獨(dú)應(yīng)對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn)，據(jù)此可知，B項(xiàng)正確。]8.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.BearsTaughttoDistinguishColoursB.NewEvidenceofBearIntelligenceWasFoundC.ThreeBearsLearnedHowtoCountD.TheSmartestAmericanBlackBearBrutus答案B[主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章第一段為全文的主旨段，結(jié)合下文介紹的內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新發(fā)現(xiàn)，說明熊是一種高智商動(dòng)物，所以文章標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是“發(fā)現(xiàn)了證明熊智力的新證據(jù)”。]【詞匯積累】1.distinguishn.區(qū)別；辨別2.set熟義：v.放，置生義：v.布置，分配3.numerically/nju?'mer?kli/adv.數(shù)字地，用數(shù)字表達(dá)地4.misleadv.誤導(dǎo)5.smartsn.智慧，聰明才智Ⅱ.七選五(2022·太原市二模)HowtoCopeWhenLifeDoesThingsWeCan’tControlStuffhappensinlife.__1__Weneitherseethedifficultiescoming,norhavecontroltostopthem.Theresult，ofcourse,ismoreanxietyandstressthanweknow.Hereareapproachesthatcanhelpusmovethroughwhatlifethrowsus.Throwourinnervictimalifejacket.Whenlifebecomesmessy,itoftenfeelseasiertojustthrowupourhandsandassumewecan’tdoanything.__2__Beingavictimoftenallowsustopretendwearefineandchoosetofeelsorryforourselves.Whilewecan’tchangewhathashappened,noneofusarepowerless.Considerfindingastresssupportgrouporcallingahotline.Weallhavethepowertochooseournextstepinlife.__3__Whenweareunderstress,thenaturaltendencyisto“talkthingsthrough”withourfriendsandlovedones.__4__Writingthingsdownonpapercanbeanamazingwaytomakethefactsclearandkeepthemstraight.Theprocessofmovingthoughtstohandsmakesitharderforustolietoourselves.Themorewegetaboutthetruthofoursituation,themorewayswecansourcetodealwithit.Wemightalsobenefitfromwritingdownourideasformanagingoursituation.Switchourperspectives(思考方法).__5__Itrarelyis.Instead,it’saperspective.Imaginelifeisastatue,andthatmanypeoplesurroundthestatue,howmanymoreanglesaretheretoseethingsfrombesidestheoneyouarestandingat?Sometimesanewperspectivecanputusintoabettermindset.A.Behonestonpaper.B.Itdoeswork,butnotalways.C.Thisisaformofvictimmode.D.Andoften,difficultstuffhappens.E.Therefore,lifemaythrowusacurveball.F.Getsupportfromourfriendsandlovedones.G.Manyofusbelievewhatwethinkisthewholetruth.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說明文，主要講述了當(dāng)生活不盡人意時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該怎樣面對(duì)。1.D[過渡銜接句。根據(jù)空前的“Stuffhappensinlife.”和空后的“Weneitherseethedifficultiescoming，norhavecontroltostopthem.”可知，空處應(yīng)該會(huì)講到生活中會(huì)發(fā)生一些令人難以解