?？荚掝}一科普知識類科普知識類說明文是高考閱讀理解中的重難點題材，考生往往在這類文章中失分嚴(yán)重，因此，考生需要了解科普知識類文章的主要特點和命題方式。選材當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟和科技等方面的變化，以介紹某一科學(xué)現(xiàn)象居多。特點結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、邏輯性強。語言文章中詞匯的意義相對單一、穩(wěn)定、簡明，不帶感情色彩。句子結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，語法分析較困難，常使用被動語態(tài)，尤其是一些慣用被動句式。命題主要集中在細節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、主旨大意題或詞義猜測題，以推理判斷題居多?？破罩R類說明文長難句居多，題目往往是推理判斷題和主旨大意題。因此，考生在擴大詞匯量的同時，還需要努力增強分析長難句的能力，把握文章的主旨。具體答題策略如下：(2019·全國Ⅰ·C)Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon，themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物測量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent，thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive，though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(裝置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem：asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(節(jié)奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser’stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus，thekeyboardcandeterminepeople’sidentities，andbyextension，whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit’sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn’trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen’talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology，theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped，withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive，plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.28．Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?A．Toreducepressureonkeys.B．Toimproveaccuracyintyping.C．Toreplacethepasswordsystem.D．Tocutthecostofe-spaceprotection.29．Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?A．Computersaremucheasiertooperate.B．Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.C．Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.D．Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.30．Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?A．It’llbeenvironment-friendly.B．It’llreachconsumerssoon.C．It’llbemadeofplastics.D．It’llhelpspeeduptyping.31．Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A．Adiary. B．Aguidebook.C．Anovel. D．Amagazine.ABioprintingismedicallyandbio-technologicallyequalto3Dprinting.Byusingthesameprinciples，theaimistorapidlydeveloplivingstructuressimilartohuman-grownorgansandtissuethatcanbeusedtohealpeopleortestnewdrugs.Ofcourse，printingbiologicaltissueismuchmorecomplexthanbuildingamechanicalpart.Therearecomplexlayersofcellsinlivingtissue.Bioprintersusebioinkmadefromcells，biochemicalnutrientsandbiologicalstandstosupportcellsinanexactorder.Bioinkshavetooperateunderconditionsthataresuitableforliving，growingtissue，sotheycannotreallybeprintedattemperaturesthattopbodytemperature.Perhapsthesimplestformofbioprintingisinkjetprinting.Bioinkissprayedthroughtinytubessoithastobealmostliquidandthislimitsthebiologicalmaterialsthatcanbeprinted.Most3Dprintersoperatebysqueezingmaterialthroughapipeandbioprinterscanusesqueezingtoo，thoughcarehastobetakennottodamagecellsthroughextremeforce.Othertechniquessuchaslaser-assistedbioprintingorelectrospinning(靜電紡絲)areincrediblyexactandcanbeusedwiththickerbioinks，buttheyaremoretrickytousewithlivingcellsandnotasrapidorabletocreatelargequantitiesoftissue.Oncethebioprinterhasdoneitswork，thepost-processingstagebegins.Bioreactorsystemsareoftenemployedtohelpthetissuegrowup.Theycanbeusedtocopytheforcesandbiochemicalsupportthattissueneedstogrowanddifferentiatecorrectly.Bioprintingmaybearelativelynewfieldbuttheresultssofarareencouraging.Stemcells，whichhavethepotentialtoturnintoseveraltypesofcells，arebeingusedtocreatebone.Organprintingcanimprovethehealthofsocietyingeneralbywipingouttheproblemofdiseasescausedbyorganfailure，costlytreatmentsandsocialcare.Thatpromisemaybeyearsawayfromrealizationbutrapidprototyping(原型技術(shù))enabledbybioprintingispushingmedicaladvancesforwardatpace.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inparagraph2referto?A．Cells. B．Bioinks.C．Nutrients. D．Biologicalstands.2．Whatshouldwepayattentiontowhenusingbioprinting?A．Thesortofhumanorgans.B．Thethicknessofbioinks.C．Theforceofsqueezing.D．Theorderofcells.3．Whatcanweinferfromthe3rdand4thparagraphs?A．Theprocessofbioprintingispractical.B．Bioreactorsystemstendnottodamagecells.C．Most3Dprinterslimitthebiologicalmaterials.D．Laser-assistedbioprintingcanproducemuchtissue.4．Whichisthesuitabletitleforthepassage?A．BioprintingCuresDiseasesofPeopleB．BioprintingIsSimilarto3DPrintingC．BioprintingGetsCarefromSocietyD．BioprintingHasMuchPotentialBHumaninnovation(創(chuàng)新)hasallowedpeopletoexplorespacefordecades.Withinaspacestation，astronautshaveenoughair，foodandwatertocompletemissionsofayearorlongerwithoutaresupply.Butmissionstofurtherreachesofspaceareadifferentmatter.EstablishingabaseonthemoonorsendinghumanstoMarsseemsjustonthehorizon.Thatcanonlyhappenifinnovativeandfoolproofwaysaredevelopedtosupplyhumanswithenoughair，waterandfood.Onecompany，InterstellarLabs，hasdevelopedanadvanced，closedloopsystemthatcangrowplantsanywhere，eveninspace.TheycalltheirAImanagedgreenhousesBioPodsandtheyaredesignedtobeveryefficient.Infact，InterstellarLabsclaimsthatBioPodsreducetheamountoflandandwaterneededtoproducefoodby99percent.Thatisnotanimpossibleclaim.BioPodsdon’tuseanysoiltogrowplants，andthevastmajorityofwaterisrecycledandrecirculated.PlantsaregrowninsideBioPodsusingaeroponics，thepracticeofhangingplantsintheairandsprayingamistofnutrient-richwaterontheirroots.Byusingaeroponics，theBioPodsystemcarefullyconserveswaterwithamazingresults.AccordingtoInterstellarlabs，BioPod-grownplantsareupto300timesmoreproductivethantraditionallygrownplants，usingonlyasmallamountofwater.TheconditionsinsideofaBioPodarecontrolledbyAI，whichcanchangeanythingfromthelightingtothetemperatureandhumiditytomaximizegrowth.Thisoptimizes(使最優(yōu)化)growingconditionsnomatterwhattheenvironmentisoutside，includingtheemptinessofspace.TheBioPodsthemselvescanbebuiltinalmostanyenvironment，too.Thepod’sstructureismadewitha3Dprinterusingrawmaterialsinliquidform.Theinsidepartissealedwithaninflatablemembrane(充氣膜)thatisalso3D-printed.ThismeansthataBioPodcouldbebuiltrightonthesurfaceofthemoonorMars，makingtransportingalargestructureunnecessary.Likemosttechnologiesdevelopedforspaceexploration，BioPodscan