閱讀是我國考生學習和使用外語最主要的途徑，因此，閱讀理解在試卷中所占比重較大。該部分要求考生讀懂熟悉的有關日常生活話題的簡短文字材料，例如：公告、說明、廣告以及書、報、雜志中關于一般性話題的簡短文章?？忌鷳埽?.理解主旨要義；2.理解文中具體信息；3.根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義；4.根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容做出判斷和理解；5.理清文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；6.理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度。年份卷別體裁題目類型命題專家談高考細節(jié)理解推理判斷詞句猜測主旨大意2022全國乙卷應用文·夾敘夾議文說明文·說明文76111.文章題材豐富英語試卷中所有語篇都圍繞“人與自我”“人與社會”以及“人與自然”三大主題語境，題材涉及故事、科普、人文、社會現(xiàn)象、文化活動等。2.短文體裁廣泛短文體裁包括記敘文、說明文、議論文、應用文和新聞報道等。3.題型分布不均近3年全國卷高考閱讀理解以突出考查考生理解和運用語言解決問題的基本能力。以考查細節(jié)理解、推理判斷為主，以考查詞句猜測、主旨大意為輔。4.語篇特點鮮明(1)原汁原味：高考語篇一般選自各大主流英文報刊和媒體網(wǎng)站，新材料盡量原汁原味。(2)詞匯量大：高考語篇詞匯量豐富，含有大量的派生詞、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換詞、熟詞生義詞以及英語短語和習語。(3)長難句多：高考語篇含有大量的長句和難句，句子結(jié)構(gòu)復雜。全國甲卷應用文·說明文記敘文·夾敘夾議文9213新高考全國Ⅰ卷應用文·說明文說明文·說明文67112021全國乙卷應用文·說明文記敘文·說明文7512全國甲卷說明文·說明文記敘文·議論文6612新高考全國Ⅰ卷應用文·記敘文說明文·議論文93122020全國Ⅰ卷應用文·夾敘夾議文說明文·說明文7512全國Ⅱ卷應用文·說明文說明文·記敘文10122全國Ⅲ卷應用文·記敘文說明文·說明文8313新高考全國Ⅰ卷應用文·記敘文說明文·說明文6522根據(jù)表格分析可知，近年來閱讀理解體裁以應用文、記敘文和說明文為主，議論文和新聞報道為輔，其中科普知識類和生態(tài)環(huán)保類的說明文更是考生的難題；題型考查中細節(jié)理解和推理判斷題所占比重較大，詞句猜測和主旨大意題所占比重較小。各類閱讀理解中的長難句日益增多，因此，在復習備考中，我們應該著重從題型、體裁和微技能三方面進行高效復習。第1講題型突破——細節(jié)理解題細節(jié)理解題相對比較簡單，但在高考閱讀理解中占了60%的比重。細節(jié)理解題常分為直接信息題、間接信息題、數(shù)字計算題、細節(jié)排序題和正誤判斷題。分析近三年的高考真題可知：直接信息題和間接信息題為高頻考點，其他皆為低頻考點。設問方式1．特殊疑問句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，howmuch/many等疑問詞引出問題。2．判斷是非形式。含有TRUE/FALSE，NOTtrue或EXCEPT等的判斷是非問題。此時要注意題干中是否含有否定詞，如not，never等。3．以“Accordingto...”開頭的提問形式。4．填空形式。如Thebiggestchallengeformostmothersisfrom.選項特征技法一直接信息題——定位比對找答案直接信息題常以應用文的形式出現(xiàn)在考題中，涉及的話題有：廣告類、活動安排類、書籍或電影介紹類、演出信息類等。設問方式多為以5W1H(what，who，when，where，why和how)等開頭的特殊疑問句。解此類試題常用“定位比對”法。解題流程如下：(2022·新高考全國Ⅰ·A片段)LateWorkAnessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate，itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotcompletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.23．Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?A．Youwillreceiveazero.B．Youwilllosealettergrade.C．Youwillbegivenatest.D．Youwillhavetorewriteit.技法二間接信息題——同義轉(zhuǎn)換定答案間接信息題常在記敘文、說明文或議論文中考查，會涉及“人與自我”“人與社會”和“人與自然”三大主題語境。設問方式1．Accordingtotheauthor/passage，...2．Whatcanwelearnabout...?此類試題相比直接信息題，命題的隱蔽性更強，正確選項一般都會在原文基礎上進行改造。解答間接信息題時，要做到“兩關注”“一防范”。“兩關注”是指關注正確選項的兩個特征：一是同義詞替換或釋義，即把文中的語言(詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu))改頭換面，來表達相同的意思；二是對文章信息的歸納?！耙环婪丁笔侵阜婪陡蓴_選項的逼真性，稍有不慎就會落入命題人設置的陷阱中。解此類試題常用“同義轉(zhuǎn)換”法。解題流程如下：(2022·全國甲·B片段)Goffin’scockatoos，akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia，havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild，thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment，cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole”inageometricshape，andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.24．Howdidthecockatoosgetthenutfromtheboxintheexperiment?A．Byfollowinginstructions.B．Byusingatool.C．Byturningtheboxaround.D．Byremovingthelid.技法三數(shù)字計算題——整合推算得答案數(shù)字計算題一般會涉及時間、年齡、價錢、數(shù)量、距離等的簡單計算。一般來說，計算量都比較小，容易計算。但是英語閱讀中的數(shù)字計算必須要找出計算背后所隱含的信息。這些“暗”信息會涉及對某個難句的理解，從這個角度上講，理解文中相應的復雜句是解這類題的關鍵。數(shù)字計算題的話題有：1.廣告類；2.故事類；3.科普知識類；4.史地自然類；5.文化教育類。設問方式以when，inwhichyear，howmany/much等疑問詞(組)開頭引出問題。解此類試題常用“整合推算”法。解題流程如下：(2022·全國乙·A片段)Admission￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.22．Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?A．￡4. B．￡8.C．￡12. D．￡16.A(外刊閱讀·原創(chuàng)題)選自(https：//.au/news/real-life/vitiligo-aboriginal-model-65734)Theafternoonsunshonedownonmydaughter，Syriah,13，whileIpainted.Iwatchedasthewarmrayslitupherskin，creatingabeautifulpattern.ButSyriahwasbornwithvitiligo，aconditionthatcausesthelossofskincolourinpatches(小塊)alloverherbody.Althoughalotofpeoplewithvitiligostrugglewithconfidenceissues，Syriahwasnotoneofthem，comfortablefromthemomentitstartedshowingatfouryearsold.Itwasinspiring.Theoldershegot，themoreshetoldmeaboutherhobbyofmodellingbutlivinginasmalltown，itwasn’teasy.Paintinghadalwaysbeenabigpartofmylife.AlthoughIdiditforfun，peoplewerealwaysaskingmeifmyworkswereforsale.ThenIdecidedtogoforit，makingaFacebookpagetosellmycreations.Iwantedtosetupalegacy(遺產(chǎn))formykidsandhelpbuildthemsomethingfortheirfuture.Oneday，IreceivedamessagefromawomannamedAna.Interested，IcontactedherandsheexplainedshewasthecreatorofLondonPacificFashionWeek，aneventwheredesignerscanlaunchtheirbrandsduringLondonFashionWeek.“Iwantyoutocreateafashionlineforarunwayshow，”shesaid，explainingthatthey’dgettosearchfortheirownmodelstoo.Suddenly，IthoughtofSyriah’smodellingambition.Whatifthiscouldgetherstarted?Soonafter，AnaconnectedwithmeonFacebookandcameacrossthephotosI’dtakenofSyriah.“Howwouldyoufeelaboutyourdaughtermodellingintheshow?Ilovehersmilewithconfidence！”shemessaged.“Yes！”Irepliedexcitedly，“that’sherdream！”WhenItoldmygirlthenews，shecriedwithexcitement.Now，wecan’twaitforSyriah’sfirstmodellingperformance.Hopefullyherimagewillmakeadifferencetogirls，justlikeher，who’veneverseenpeoplelikethemrepresentedinthefashionindustry.She’llshoweveryonethatbeautycomesinmanyforms.1．WhatcanwelearnaboutSyriah?A．Sheshowedpotentialforpainting.B．Shewasnotconfidentenough.C．Shesufferedfromaskindisease.D．Shegotsickofrurallife.2．Whydidtheauthorchoosetosellherpaintings?A．Tofinanceherfuturegeneration.B．Togainwiderecognition.C．TobecomeaFacebookhit.D．Todonatemoneyforthedisabled.3．Whichofthefollowingwasnotright?A．AnafoundedLondonPacificFashionWeek.B．Anawantedtofindsomemodels.C．SyriahwillinglyacceptedAna’soffertobeamodel.D．Syriahdidn’tperformwellinthefashionshow.4．Syriahgotthemodellingjobdueto.A．herbeautycomingfromwithinB．hermother’srecommendationC．hercloserelationshipwithAnaD．heroutstandingmodellingskillsBTheEmpireStateBuildingisoneofthemostpopularattractionsinNewYorkCity，bothforthetourandhistoryofthebuilding.OurEmpireStateBuildingfactsincludeNYCInsidertipsandthebestwaystotourthisworld-famousicon，whetheryouareshortontimeorbudget.EmpireStateBuildingHoursThemainentrancetotheEmpireStateBuildingisonFifthAvenuebetween33rdand34thStreets.Allvisitorsmustusethisentranceandthereisoftenawaitjusttogetinthebuilding.TheEmpireStateBuildingObservatoryisopenfrom8∶00a．m.to2∶00a．m.7daysaweek.Lastelevatorsgoupat1∶15a．m.EmpireStateBuildingTourFactsTheESBofferstwoobservatories，the86thfloorandthe102ndfloor.86thFloorObservatory(indoorandoutdoor)1,050feet(320meters)，reachedbyhigh-speed，automaticelevators，ithasaglass-enclosedarea，whichisheatedinwinterandcooledinsummer.High-poweredbinoculars(雙筒望遠鏡)areavailablefortheconvenienceofvisitorsataminimalcost.102ndFloorObservatory(indooronly)TicketsareonlysolduponarrivalattheEmpireStateBuildingatacostof$15.00inadditiontoregularadmissiontickets.EmpireStateBuildingTicketsRegular—$38adult，$32ages6－12，under5free.ExpressPass—$65allvisitorsages6＋BuyingyourticketsbeforeyougotoNewYorksavesyourtime.Whenbuying