2025年英語專業(yè)四級閱讀理解沖刺試卷：必考詞匯與例句解析考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartIReadingComprehensiondirections:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Passage1Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedconsiderabledebateregardingitssocietalimpact.ProponentsarguethatAItechnologiesofferunprecedentedefficiencygainsacrossvarioussectors,fromhealthcareandtransportationtoeducationandmanufacturing.TheyenvisionafuturewhereAIsystemsautomatemundanetasks,allowinghumanworkerstoconcentrateoncreativeandstrategicendeavors.Forinstance,AI-drivendiagnosticscananalyzemedicalimageswithgreateraccuracythansomehumanradiologists,potentiallysavinglivesbydetectingdiseasesatearlierstages.Similarly,inurbanplanning,AIalgorithmscanoptimizetrafficflow,reducingcongestionandassociatedemissions.However,criticsraiselegitimateconcernsaboutthepotentialdisplacementofjobsasAIsystemsbecomemorecapable.Theautomationofroutinecognitiveprocessesmightrendercertainprofessionsobsolete,leadingtounemploymentandincreasedeconomicinequality.Furthermore,theethicalimplicationsofAIdecision-making,particularlyinareaslikesurveillanceandlending,posesignificantchallenges.Thedevelopmentofalgorithmsthatareunbiased,transparent,andaccountableremainsanongoingstruggle.Withoutrobustsafeguards,AIcouldinadvertentlyperpetuateexistingsocietalbiasesorinfringeuponindividualprivacy.Thepotentialbenefitsareimmense,butharnessingthemresponsiblyrequirescarefulconsiderationandproactiveregulation.Questions:1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?2.Accordingtothepassage,whatpotentialbenefitofAIismentionedinthehealthcaresector?3.WhatconcerndocriticshaveregardingthewidespreadadoptionofAI?4.Theword"monotonous"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:a)Complexb)Repetitivec)Innovatived)ExpensivePassage2Sustainableurbandevelopmenthasbecomeanimperativeinthefaceofglobalenvironmentalchallengesandgrowingpopulations.Traditionalurbanplanningoftenprioritizedeconomicgrowthandinfrastructureexpansion,frequentlyattheexpenseofenvironmentalqualityandcommunitywell-being.Incontrast,sustainableapproachesintegrateecologicalprinciplesintothedesignandmanagementofcities.Thisinvolvespromotinggreenspaces,encouragingtheuseofrenewableenergysources,andimplementingefficientwastemanagementsystems.Forexample,thecreationofextensiveparknetworkswithincitiescanprovideresidentswithrecreationalareas,improveairquality,andsupportbiodiversity.Buildingdesignsthatincorporatepassivesolarheatingandgreenroofssignificantlyreduceenergyconsumption.Moreover,sustainableurbanplanningemphasizesthedevelopmentofpublictransportationsystemstodecreaserelianceonprivatevehicles,therebyreducingtrafficpollutionandgreenhousegasemissions.Achievingsustainabilityrequirescollaborationamongpolicymakers,urbanplanners,architects,andresidents.Itnecessitatesashiftinmindset,movingawayfromshort-termgainstowardslong-termresilienceandthewell-beingofbothcurrentandfuturegenerations.Integratingsustainabilityintourbanlifeisnotmerelyanenvironmentalconcernbutacornerstoneofequitableandresilientcities.Questions:5.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestisacommonshortcomingoftraditionalurbanplanning?6.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeexamplesofsustainablebuildingdesignfeatures?7.Whatisakeybenefitofdevelopingextensiveparknetworksincities,asmentionedinthetext?8.Thephrase"attheexpenseof"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:a)Becauseofb)Alongsidec)Insteadofd)InadditiontoPassage3Effectivecommunicationisthebedrockofsuccessfulpersonalandprofessionalrelationships.Whileverbalexchangeoftentakescenterstage,non-verbalcuesplayanequallycrucialroleinconveyingmeaningandemotionaltone.Bodylanguage,includingposture,gestures,andfacialexpressions,cansignificantlyaugmentorevencontradictspokenwords.Afirmhandshake,maintainingeyecontact,andanopenposturegenerallysignalconfidenceandattentiveness,fosteringtrust.Conversely,crossedarms,avoidingeyecontact,orslumpedposturemightconveydisinterestordiscomfort.Similarly,vocaltone—pitch,volume,andpace—providesvitalcontext.Thesamestatementdeliveredwithenthusiasmversussarcasmcanyieldvastlydifferentinterpretations.Activelistening,acomponentoftenoverlooked,isanotheressentialelement.Itinvolvesnotjusthearingwordsbutalsostrivingtounderstandthespeaker'sperspective,askingclarifyingquestions,andprovidingfeedback.Inprofessionalsettings,effectivecommunicationextendstowrittenforms,suchasemailsandreports,requiringclarity,conciseness,andappropriatetone.Misinterpretationscanarisefromculturaldifferencesincommunicationnorms,highlightingtheneedforculturalsensitivity.Masteringthenuancesofverbalandnon-verbalcommunicationcangreatlyenhanceinterpersonaleffectivenessandpreventmisunderstandings.Questions:9.Whatistheprimarymessageofthepassage?10.Accordingtothepassage,whatnon-verbalcuegenerallysignalsconfidence?11.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestisthedifferencebetweenhearingandactivelistening?12.Theword"augment"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:a)Weakenb)Diminishc)Enhanced)IgnorePassage4Theglobalwatercrisispresentsoneofthemost嚴峻challengestosustainabledevelopmentinthe21stcentury.Withincreasingpopulationpressures,changingclimatepatterns,andescalatingindustrialdemand,theavailabilityofclean,accessiblewaterisdeclininginmanyregions.Agricultureremainsthelargestconsumeroffreshwater,accountingforasignificantportionofglobalwithdrawals.Irrigationpractices,particularlyindevelopingcountries,areofteninefficient,leadingtosubstantialwaterlossandstraininglocalresources.Industrialactivitiescontributethroughpollution,withchemicalsandwasteproductsoftenfindingtheirwayintowaterways,renderingwaterunsafeforconsumptionandharmingecosystems.Urbanizationfurtherexacerbatesthecrisisbyincreasingdemandandreducingnaturalwaterabsorptioncapacity.Impervioussurfaceslikeconcretepreventrainwaterfromrecharginggroundwateraquifers.Climatechangeintensifiestheproblemthroughmorefrequentandseveredroughtsinsomeareasandintensifiedrainfalleventsleadingtofloodinginothers.Theseextremesdisruptwatersupplychainsandincreasetheriskofwaterbornediseases.Addressingthewatercrisisrequiresamultifacetedapproach,includingimprovingwaterefficiencyinagricultureandindustry,investinginwaterinfrastructure,implementingstricterpollutioncontrols,andpromotingwaterconservationmeasuresattheindividualandcommunitylevels.Internationalcooperationisalsoessentialtomanagesharedwaterresourcesandsupportvulnerablenations.Questions:13.Whatisthecentralconcernaddressedinthepassage?14.Accordingtothepassage,whatisamajorissuerelatedtoagriculturalwateruse?15.Howdoesurbanizationcontributetowaterchallenges,accordingtothetext?16.Thephrase"multifacetedapproach"inthefinalparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:a)Asinglemethodb)Acomplexstrategyinvolvingmanydifferentpartsc)Alimitedsolutiond)Ashort-termfixPartIIWordStudydirections:Beloweachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Choosethewordthatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.17.Thediscoveryofpenicillinwasatruly______momentformodernmedicine,fundamentallychangingthewaydiseasesaretreated.a)Transformativeb)Negligiblec)Controversiald)Mundane18.Despitefacingnumerous______,theteamremainedresilientandultimatelyachievedtheirgoals.a)Advantagesb)Opportunitiesc)Obstaclesd)Accomplishments19.Itiscrucialtomaintaina______dietrichinfruits,vegetables,andwholegrainsforlong-termhealth.a)Balancedb)Monotonousc)Restrictived)Processed20.The______natureofthetaskrequiredcarefulplanningandattentiontodetailtoensureaccuracy.a)Complexb)Superficialc)Creatived)Simple21.Manyscientistsarguethatclimatechangepresentsan______threattoglobalecosystemsandhumancivilization.a)Immediateb)Remotec)Insignificantd)Existential22.Sheshowedgreat______inlearningthenewsoftware,masteringitmuchfasterthanhercolleagues.a)Apathyb)Diligencec)Indifferenced)Neglect23.The______betweenthetwopolicieswassubtlebuthadsignificantimplicationsformarketregulations.a)Similarityb)Differencec)Parityd)Discrepancy24.Duringtheeconomicdownturn,manysmallbusinessesfacedfinancial______,leadingtoclosures.a)Prosperityb)Stabilityc)Securityd)Strain25.Hisexplanationofthecomplexeconomictheorywasboth______andengaging,makingitaccessibletotheaudience.a)Convolutedb)Clearc)Vagued)Obscure26.The______ofthehistoricalartifactsduringtheexcavationwasaremarkableachievementforthearchaeologists.a)Restorationb)Destructionc)Creationd)Ruination27.Effectiveleadershipoftenrequirestheabilitytoinspireand______otherstowardsacommonobjective.a)Demoralizeb)Discreditc)Motivated)Divide28.Thenovel's______narrativestructure,jumpingbetweendifferenttimeperiods,addeddepthtothestory.a)Linearb)Non-linearc)Fragmentedd)Repetitive29.Itis______toassumethateveryonesharesthesamevaluesandopinionswithoutsufficientevidence.a)Justifiableb)Crediblec)Groundlessd)Plausible30.Theathlete'sperformancewasatestamenttohisyearsof______trainingandunwaveringdedication.a)Half-heartedb)Inconsistentc)Intensived)SuperficialPartIIIClozedirections:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblank,therearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushouldchoosethebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Therapidspreadofmisinformationonlineposesasignificantchallengetoinformedpublicdiscourse.31__________socialmediaplatformshavebecomebreedinggroundsforfalsenarratives,oftenamplifiedbyalgorithmsdesignedtomaximizeengagementratherthanaccuracy.32__________,thesefalsehoodscanrapidlyunderminetrustininstitutions,influenceelectionoutcomes,andevenincitesocialunrest.Thephenomenonisdrivenbyseveralfactors.33__________theeasewithwhichanyonecancreateanddisseminatecontent,34__________thepsychologicaltendencytoshareinformationemotionallyratherthanfactually,and35__________thedeliberateeffortsbymaliciousactorstospreaddisinformationforpoliticaloreconomicgain.36__________addressingthisissuerequiresamulti-prongedstrategy.Itinvolvesnotonlydevelopingbettertechnicalsolutions,suchasimprovedcontentmoderationandalgorithmsthatprioritizetruth,butalsofosteringmedialiteracyamongthepublic.37__________individualscancriticallyevaluatetheinformationtheyencounteronline,38__________theyarelesssusceptibletomanipulation.Furthermore,holdingplatformsaccountableforthecontentthatappearsontheirserversiscrucial.39__________collaborationamonggovernments,techcompanies,journalists,andeducatorswillbenecessarytocreateamoreinformedandresilientdigitalenvironment.40__________onlythroughcombinedeffortscanwehopetomitigatethedamagingeffectsofonlinemisinformation.31.a)Exploitativeb)Immaturec)Regulatedd)Objective32.a)Consequentlyb)Moreoverc)Howeverd)Therefore33.a)Includingb)Apartfromc)Primarilyd)Notably34.a)Yetb)Thusc)Moreoverd)Apartfrom35.a)Forb)Withc)Againstd)By36.a)Indeedb)Clearlyc)Moreoverd)Therefore37.a)Sinceb)Unlessc)Onced)If38.a)thusb)howeverc)whereasd)whenever39.a)Equallyb)Similarlyc)Ultimatelyd)Inaddition40.a)Stillb)Similarlyc)Ultimatelyd)Only試卷答案PartIReadingComprehension1.C解析思路：文章首段提出人工智能引發(fā)了關(guān)于其社會影響的辯論，隨后分別闡述了支持者和批評者的觀點。因此，文章主要討論了人工智能的社會影響及其爭議。2.A解析思路：文章第二段提到“AI-drivendiagnosticscananalyzemedicalimageswithgreateraccuracythansomehumanradiologists,potentiallysavinglivesbydetectingdiseasesatearlierstages.”意思是“AI驅(qū)動的診斷可以比一些放射科醫(yī)生更準確地分析醫(yī)學(xué)影像，有可能通過在更早的階段發(fā)現(xiàn)疾病來挽救生命。”這里提到了AI在醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域的潛在益處，即提高診斷準確性、及早發(fā)現(xiàn)疾病。3.C解析思路：文章第三段明確指出“criticsraiselegitimateconcernsaboutthepotentialdisplacementofjobsasAIsystemsbecomemorecapable.”意思是“批評者對AI系統(tǒng)日益增強的能力可能導(dǎo)致工作崗位被取代提出了合理的擔(dān)憂。”因此，批評者主要擔(dān)心的是AI可能導(dǎo)致失業(yè)。4.B解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“automatemundanetasks”指的是自動化重復(fù)性的工作。monotonous的意思是“單調(diào)的、重復(fù)的”，與repetitive意思最接近。5.A解析思路：文章第一段提到“Traditionalurbanplanningoftenprioritizedeconomicgrowthandinfrastructureexpansion,frequentlyattheexpenseofenvironmentalqualityandcommunitywell-being.”意思是“傳統(tǒng)的城市規(guī)劃經(jīng)常優(yōu)先考慮經(jīng)濟增長和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，但往往以犧牲環(huán)境質(zhì)量和社區(qū)福祉為代價。”這表明傳統(tǒng)城市規(guī)劃的一個常見缺點是以犧牲環(huán)境質(zhì)量和社區(qū)福祉為代價來追求經(jīng)濟增長。6.A解析思路：文章第四段提到“Buildingdesignsthatincorporatepassivesolarheatingandgreenroofssignificantlyreduceenergyconsumption.”意思是“結(jié)合了被動式太陽能供暖和綠色屋頂?shù)慕ㄖO(shè)計可以顯著減少能源消耗?！边@里提到了被動式太陽能供暖和綠色屋頂作為可持續(xù)建筑設(shè)計的特點。7.A解析思路：文章第三段提到“Creatingextensiveparknetworkswithincitiescanprovideresidentswithrecreationalareas,improveairquality,andsupportbiodiversity.”意思是“在城市內(nèi)部創(chuàng)建廣泛的公園網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以為居民提供娛樂區(qū)，改善空氣質(zhì)量，并支持生物多樣性?！边@表明公園網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以提供娛樂區(qū)，從而改善空氣質(zhì)量。8.C解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“attheexpenseof”表示“以……為代價”。在第一段中，“Traditionalurbanplanningoftenprioritizedeconomicgrowthandinfrastructureexpansion,frequentlyattheexpenseofenvironmentalqualityandcommunitywell-being.”意思是“傳統(tǒng)的城市規(guī)劃經(jīng)常優(yōu)先考慮經(jīng)濟增長和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，經(jīng)常以犧牲環(huán)境質(zhì)量和社區(qū)福祉為代價。”也就是說，傳統(tǒng)城市規(guī)劃在追求經(jīng)濟增長和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)時，往往是以犧牲環(huán)境質(zhì)量和社區(qū)福祉為代價的。insteadof（而不是）最符合這個意思。9.A解析思路：文章首段明確指出“Effectivecommunicationisthebedrockofsuccessfulpersonalandprofessionalrelationships.”意思是“有效的溝通是成功個人和職業(yè)關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)?！边@表明文章的主要信息是有效的溝通對于成功關(guān)系至關(guān)重要。10.A解析思路：文章第二段提到“Afirmhandshake,maintainingeyecontact,andanopenposturegenerallysignalconfidenceandattentiveness,fosteringtrust.”意思是“堅定的握手、保持眼神接觸和開放的姿態(tài)通常傳遞出自信和專注的信息，建立信任?！逼渲校琭irmhandshake（堅定的握手）是一種非語言信號，通常表示自信。11.D解析思路：文章第三段對比了“hearing”和“activelistening”。“Hearing”僅僅是聲音的接收，而“activelistening”則是一種更積極、更具互動性的過程，它要求聽者理解說話者的觀點，提出澄清問題并給予反饋。因此，文章暗示傾聽和積極傾聽的區(qū)別在于后者是一種更主動、更深入的理解過程。12.C解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“augmentthemeaning”指的是增強意義。augment的意思是“增強、擴大”，與enhance意思最接近。13.A解析思路：文章首段指出“Theglobalwatercrisispresentsoneofthemost嚴峻challengestosustainabledevelopmentinthe21stcentury.”意思是“全球水危機是21世紀對可持續(xù)發(fā)展構(gòu)成的最嚴峻挑戰(zhàn)之一。”這表明文章的中心問題是全球水危機。14.B解析思路：文章第二段提到“Agricultureremainsthelargestconsumeroffreshwater,accountingforasignificantportionofglobalwithdrawals.Irrigationpractices,particularlyindevelopingcountries,areofteninefficient,leadingtosubstantialwaterlossandstraininglocalresources.”意思是“農(nóng)業(yè)仍然是淡水最大的消費者，占全球取用水量的很大一部分。灌溉實踐，特別是在發(fā)展中國家，往往效率低下，導(dǎo)致大量水流失，并消耗當(dāng)?shù)刭Y源。”這里提到了農(nóng)業(yè)用水效率低下是一個主要問題。15.D解析思路：文章第三段提到“Urbanizationfurtherexacerbatesthecrisisbyincreasingdemandandreducingnaturalwaterabsorptioncapacity.Impervioussurfaceslikeconcretepreventrainwaterfromrecharginggroundwateraquifers.”意思是“城市化通過增加需求和減少自然水吸收能力進一步加劇了危機。像混凝土這樣的不透水表面阻止雨水補充地下水含水層。”這表明城市化增加了用水需求，并減少了自然水吸收能力，從而加劇了水挑戰(zhàn)。16.B解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“multifacetedapproach”指的是解決水危機需要采取多種方法?！癆complexstrategyinvolvingmanydifferentparts”與multifacetedapproach意思最接近。17.A解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“atruly______momentformodernmedicine”指的是對現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)來說一個真正重大的時刻。transformative（變革性的）最符合語境，因為青霉素的發(fā)現(xiàn)確實徹底改變了現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)。18.C解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“Despitefacingnumerous______,theteamremainedresilient”指的是盡管面臨許多______，隊伍仍然很堅韌。obstacles（障礙）最符合語境，因為句子表達了隊伍克服困難并最終實現(xiàn)目標的含義。19.A解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“Itiscrucialtomaintaina______dietrichinfruits,vegetables,andwholegrainsforlong-termhealth”指的是為了長期健康，保持一種______的飲食非常重要，這種飲食富含水果、蔬菜和全谷物。balanced（均衡的）最符合語境，因為均衡的飲食對健康至關(guān)重要。20.A解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“The______natureofthetaskrequiredcarefulplanningandattentiontodetailtoensureaccuracy”指的是這項任務(wù)的______性質(zhì)需要仔細計劃和注意細節(jié)以確保準確性。complex（復(fù)雜的）最符合語境，因為復(fù)雜的任務(wù)需要仔細計劃和注意細節(jié)。21.D解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“Manyscientistsarguethatclimatechangepresentsan______threattoglobalecosystemsandhumancivilization”指的是許多科學(xué)家認為氣候變化對全球生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和人類文明構(gòu)成______威脅。existential（生存的）最符合語境，因為句子表達了氣候變化對人類生存的嚴重威脅。22.B解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“Sheshowedgreat______inlearningthenewsoftware,masteringitmuchfasterthanhercolleagues”指的是她在學(xué)習(xí)新軟件方面表現(xiàn)出極大的______，比她的同事掌握得快得多。diligence（勤奮）最符合語境，因為句子贊揚了她學(xué)習(xí)新軟件的勤奮。23.D解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“The______betweenthetwopolicieswassubtlebuthadsignificantimplicationsformarketregulations”指的是兩種政策之間的______是微妙的，但對市場監(jiān)管有重大影響。discrepancy（差異）最符合語境，因為句子表明兩種政策之間存在微妙的差異，并產(chǎn)生了重要影響。24.D解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“Duringtheeconomicdownturn,manysmallbusinessesfacedfinancial______,leadingtoclosures”指的是在經(jīng)濟衰退期間，許多小企業(yè)面臨財務(wù)______，導(dǎo)致倒閉。strain（壓力）最符合語境，因為句子表達了經(jīng)濟衰退給小企業(yè)帶來的財務(wù)壓力。25.B解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“Hisexplanationofthecomplexeconomictheorywasboth______andengaging,makingitaccessibletotheaudience”指的是他對復(fù)雜經(jīng)濟理論的解釋既清晰又吸引人，使觀眾易于理解。clear（清晰的）最符合語境，因為句子強調(diào)了解釋的清晰性。26.A解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“The______ofthehistoricalartifactsduringtheexcavationwasaremarkableachievementforthearchaeologists”指的是在挖掘過程中對歷史文物的______是考古學(xué)家的一項非凡成就。restoration（修復(fù)）最符合語境，因為句子描述了考古學(xué)家修復(fù)歷史文物的成就。27.C解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“Effectiveleadershipoftenrequirestheabilitytoinspireand______otherstowardsacommonobjective”指的是有效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)通常需要有能力激勵和______他人實現(xiàn)共同目標。motivate（激勵）最符合語境，因為句子表達了領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者激勵他人實現(xiàn)共同目標的能力。28.B解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“Thenovel's______narrativestructure,jumpingbetweendifferenttimeperiods,addeddepthtothestory”指的是小說的______敘事結(jié)構(gòu)，在不同時間之間跳躍，為故事增添了深度。non-linear（非線性的）最符合語境，因為句子描述了小說敘事結(jié)構(gòu)在不同時間之間跳躍的特點。29.C解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“Itis______toassumetha