請(qǐng)問(wèn)：人類如何說(shuō)話？

D.Jacky信任Jack。A.JackyJackB.Jacky信任C.信任Jack人類為什么以句子為單位說(shuō)話？句子是語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用的基本單位，能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思。TheImportanceoftheSentencesTheImportanceoftheSentences怎樣用詞、詞組（短語(yǔ)）寫(xiě)一個(gè)完整且正確的英語(yǔ)句子呢？就像串糖葫蘆一樣！10類詞和若干詞組/短語(yǔ)10種句子成分8種句子結(jié)構(gòu)ENGLISH八種基本句型EightKindsofSentences1.Ｓ+Ｖi（主＋謂）名詞/代詞/...+不及物動(dòng)詞

主語(yǔ)是句子中動(dòng)作、行為、___或___的主體，是一個(gè)句子談?wù)摰闹黝}。Allofus

laughed.Jacky

exercises.Thebus

iscoming.謂語(yǔ)用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的行為、動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài)。后不可以直接跟賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞,后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句等。主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)

主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)名/代+不及物動(dòng)詞hurtLaura’srightarmAlexsmileAlex

smiles.Laura’srightarm

hurts.

主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)串一串2.Ｓ+Ｖt

+O（主＋謂＋賓)名詞/代詞/動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)/...+及物動(dòng)詞

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形

助動(dòng)詞幫助動(dòng)詞

賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象。Alex

shouldfinish

thehomework.We

volunteer

tocareforthesickchildren.Doingchores

develops

kids’independence.They

aretalkingaboutsomething.Ihaveseen

thefilmbefore.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+

賓語(yǔ)+

名詞（詞組）/不定式togetgoodgradeswantBobbyandCarlhavetoomuchstresstheyBobbyandCarl

want

togetgoodgrades.They

have

toomuchstress.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)串一串有些謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（give,

show,

bring,

read,

pass,

lend,

tell,

leave,

teach,

write,

buy等.）必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。3.S+Vt+IO+DO（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）Jacky

gave

Jim

somemoney.He

told

us

afunnystory.直接賓語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的承受者(多指物)。間接賓語(yǔ)表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的方向(對(duì)誰(shuí)做)或動(dòng)作的目標(biāo)(為誰(shuí)做)(多指人)。名詞/代詞/...+

及物動(dòng)詞+名詞/代詞1+名詞.主語(yǔ)+

謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ).meJimhishomeworkJackshowlendsomemonyJack

show

me

hishomework.Jack

lend

Jim

somemoney.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)間賓直賓串一串動(dòng)詞后只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)，來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的意義，狀態(tài)等。4.Ｓ+Ｖt

+O

+OＣ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的狀況的語(yǔ)言成分。告訴我們賓語(yǔ)正在做什么。告訴我們賓語(yǔ)做了什么。告訴我們賓語(yǔ)接收到什么動(dòng)作。I

saw

him

dancingat8lastnight.I

saw

him

dancelastnight.I

saw

theroom

cleanedbyTom.I

found

mostofmyclassmatesandteachers

friendlyandhelpful.告訴我們賓語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。常跟賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：let,

see,

watch,

hear,

help,

feel,

keep,

call,

make,

find,

tell,

ask,

think,

want等代詞/...+

及物動(dòng)詞+名詞/代詞+動(dòng)詞（ing）/過(guò)去分析/形容詞.4.Ｓ+Ｖt

+O

+OＣ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)）主語(yǔ)+

謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ).I

saw

him

dancingat8lastnight.I

saw

him

dancelastnight.I

saw

theroom

cleanedbyTom.I

found

mostofmyclassmatesandteachers

friendlyandhelpful.askBobbyEunicestudymathtostudyEnglishfind主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)Eunice

asked

Bobby

tostudyEnglish.Eunice

found

Bobby

studymath.串一串

5.S+V+P主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征、類屬、狀態(tài)、身份。Thedish

smells

good.Eight

is

aluckynumberinChina.Swimming

is

myfavorite.Myjob

is

toteachthemEnglish.主語(yǔ)+

謂語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ).名詞/數(shù)詞/動(dòng)名詞...+

系動(dòng)詞+名詞/形容詞/不定式...狀態(tài)：seem,appear,prove感官：smell,feel,taste,sound,look

變化：become,get,turn,go,come,grow,fall持續(xù)：remain,stay,keep,continueisbecomehouseworkawasteoftimeahighschoolstudentJacky主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)Jacky

becomes

ahighschoolstudent.Housework

is

awasteoftime.串一串SV=1（主謂結(jié)構(gòu)只有一個(gè)）6.S+V+A主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)He

talked

toomuch.狀語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞，通常由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)。7.S+V+O+A主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)Ihavemyfirstclass

atseniorhighschool.Lastnight

she

didn’tgotothedanceparty

becauseoftherain.在主謂賓句型的基礎(chǔ)上補(bǔ)充時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，條件，方式等信息。8.Therebe…Therearethreepeople

inmyuncle’sfamily.Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.Thereisn’taboy

intheroom.Therearen’t

anybooks

onthedesk.There’salottoexplore

atseniorhigh.There’saboysittingunderthetree.“某地有(存在)某物”be動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與其后緊跟名詞一致一般簡(jiǎn)單句較復(fù)雜簡(jiǎn)單句Bobby吃了一個(gè)蘋(píng)果。Bobbyateanapple.星期二，站在樹(shù)底下的小Bobby吃了一個(gè)從美國(guó)進(jìn)口的大蘋(píng)果。Little

Bobby

standingunderthetree

atea

verybig

apple

importedfromtheUSAonTuesday.定語(yǔ):用來(lái)修飾、限定、說(shuō)明名詞或代詞的品質(zhì)與特征的。小思考1.The100-year-oldschoolliesinthecentreofthecity.S主語(yǔ)V謂語(yǔ)A狀語(yǔ)2.Wemustact.S主語(yǔ)V謂語(yǔ)3.Themathshomeworklookseasy.S主語(yǔ)P系表4.Theteacherfoundtheclassroomempty.S主語(yǔ)V謂語(yǔ)O賓語(yǔ)C賓補(bǔ)這所有著一百年歷史的學(xué)校坐落于市中心我們必須行動(dòng)起來(lái)。數(shù)學(xué)作業(yè)看起來(lái)挺簡(jiǎn)單。老師覺(jué)得教室空蕩蕩的。5.Mymumboughtmeanewdictionary.6.Tomislookingforwardtomeetingthenewexchangestudent.7.ThereisanEnglishCorneratourschool.8.Wehadchemistryinthenewlybuiltlab.S主語(yǔ)V謂語(yǔ)DO直賓IO間賓S主語(yǔ)V謂語(yǔ)O賓語(yǔ)有某物某地S

主語(yǔ)V

謂語(yǔ)O

賓語(yǔ)A

狀語(yǔ)Therebe句型我媽媽給我買(mǎi)了一本新的字典。湯姆期盼遇見(jiàn)一位新的交換生。在我們學(xué)校有一個(gè)新的英語(yǔ)角。在新建的實(shí)驗(yàn)室里我們上了一節(jié)化學(xué)課。PDOOAC

(subject)SV(verb)(object)

(predicative)

(adverbial)

(directobject)I0

(objectcomplement)(indirectobject)（同位語(yǔ)）appositive（定語(yǔ)）attribute主語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)十種句子成分：八種基本句型：主+謂S+Vi主+謂+賓S+Vt+O主+謂+間賓+直賓S+V+IO+DO主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)S+V+O+OC主+系+表S+V+P主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)

S+V+A主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)S+V+O+ATherebe…找出下列句子中的主語(yǔ)1.Myhotelisneardowntown,intheMissionDistrict,oneoftheoldestpartsofthecity.2.ThegirlhegavetheflowerstoisRose.3.Ididnotlovewriting.MyfamilycamefromBrazil,soEnglishwasonlymysecondlanguage.Writingwassodifficultandpainfulforme.4.ItseemstomethatthetraditionalChinesedresswillmaketheoccasionveryChineseandinvitingtotheBritishstudents.名詞作主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)代詞作主語(yǔ)名詞作主語(yǔ)名詞作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)It作形式主語(yǔ)Practice找出下列句子中的謂語(yǔ)Practice1.Iamwritingtoaskforyourguidanceonashortplay2.Helookedaftertwoorphans.3.Ourschoolwasbuiltin2017.4.HecanspeakEnglishverywell.5.Theworkmustbedonebeforethreeo’clock簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞找出下列句子中的賓語(yǔ)Practice1.Richarddoesnotlikehisjob.2.Monicadecidetosolvetheproblemonherown.3.Theyoungmanrisklosinghislifetosavethegirl.4.Theyofferedmethejob.5.Iwouldlikeyoutogiveusyourguidanceandencouragement.名詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)

找出下列句子中的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)Practice現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)名詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)形容詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)形容詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1.WesincerelywishyouaquickrecoveryandanearlyreturntoChina.2.Hewasseenplayingbasketballontheplaygroundyesterday.3.We'lltryourbesttomakeourcountrymoreandmorebeautiful.4.LijiangwillmaketheChineseculturebetterknowntoBritishstudents.5.Tiredandsleepy,Iwenttobed.找出下列句子中的表語(yǔ)Practice1.

Theyareexchangestudents2.

Needlesstosay,theyweredeeplymoved.

3.That'swhyIthinkthetripalongtheYangtzeRiverwillbeabetterchoice.名詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)形容詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)從句作表語(yǔ)

4.Juliealwayslookscheerful.形容詞作表語(yǔ)5.Myfavouritesportisrunning.

6.SoattractiveandalivedotheylookthatIthinkyoucouldbeinterestedintheexhibition.動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)形容詞作表語(yǔ)找出下列句子中的狀語(yǔ)Practice

Thenextday,wesetoffearlyinthemorning.從句作條件狀語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

Wearetrainingveryhardthesedays.副詞作程度狀語(yǔ)

WhenIcamebackhome,Isharedmyexperienceswithmyparents.從句作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

Ifyouwantadeepexperienceinthecity,sharedbikeswouldbethebestchoice.找出下列句子中的定語(yǔ)Practice1.Thisisadifficultproblem2.Heworksinatradecompany.3.Theladywascarryingabasketfullofvegetables.4.Thegirlinwhiteishissister.5.Doyouknowthemanspeakingtoourheadmaster?形容詞作前置定語(yǔ)名詞作前置定語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)形容詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)6.Weshouldadapttothechangingsituationquickly.現(xiàn)在分詞作前置定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)前置定語(yǔ)后置定語(yǔ)特殊情況形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞或名詞所有格、動(dòng)名詞、分詞等單個(gè)詞充當(dāng)形容詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)方位副詞、不定式短語(yǔ)、分詞短語(yǔ)、從句等充當(dāng)如果被修飾詞為some、any、every、no和thing/body/one等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，定語(yǔ)要后置Appositive同位語(yǔ)

對(duì)句子中的名詞(短語(yǔ))或代詞作進(jìn)一步解釋、說(shuō)明，與前面的成分在語(yǔ)法上處于同等地位的句子成分叫作同位語(yǔ)?？梢杂米魍徽Z(yǔ)的有：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、動(dòng)名詞和從句等。

找出下列句子中的同位語(yǔ)Practice

1.I'mLiJin,astudentatChenguangHighSchool.從句作同位語(yǔ)4.WeeachhaveanEnglishnamenow.名詞短語(yǔ)作同位語(yǔ)

2.Thequestionwhetheritisrightorwrongdependsontheresult.

代詞作同位語(yǔ)5.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonagainistrue.

從句作同位語(yǔ)3.ThisisMrLi,ourheadmaster.

名詞短語(yǔ)作同位語(yǔ)LanguagePoints教材原句p.6Tomislookingforwardtomeetingthenewexchangestudent.湯姆期待見(jiàn)到新的交換生。lookforwardto盼望；期待（to是介詞）

I’mreallylookingforwardtomyholiday.我熱切盼望著假期的到來(lái)?！練w納拓展】lookforwardto+n./pron./v.-ing，to是介詞，類似的短語(yǔ)還有：leadto導(dǎo)致；通向 beusedto習(xí)慣于stickto堅(jiān)持 payattentionto注意getdownto開(kāi)始認(rèn)真做 contributeto有助于；促成Adietthatishighinfatcanleadtoobesity.高脂肪的飲食可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致肥胖。Perhap