高中英語語法時(shí)態(tài)綜合訓(xùn)練講義引言：時(shí)態(tài)的核心地位與學(xué)習(xí)邏輯英語時(shí)態(tài)是表達(dá)動(dòng)作/狀態(tài)時(shí)間特征的核心語法體系，貫穿高考閱讀理解的“時(shí)態(tài)邏輯推理”、寫作的“時(shí)態(tài)一致性”及語法填空/短文改錯(cuò)的“時(shí)態(tài)辨析”。本講義聚焦高中階段八大核心時(shí)態(tài)（一般現(xiàn)在/過去/將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在/過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在/過去完成時(shí)、將來完成時(shí)），通過“結(jié)構(gòu)解析+標(biāo)志詞+易錯(cuò)辨析+分層訓(xùn)練”的模式，幫助學(xué)生系統(tǒng)突破時(shí)態(tài)難點(diǎn)。第一章一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：常態(tài)、真理與計(jì)劃1.1時(shí)態(tài)定義現(xiàn)階段習(xí)慣性/經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作（如日常作息、愛好）；客觀事實(shí)/真理（如自然規(guī)律、科學(xué)常識(shí)）；按嚴(yán)格時(shí)刻表發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（如列車、航班起降）。1.2結(jié)構(gòu)公式肯定句：主語+動(dòng)詞原形/第三人稱單數(shù)（do/does）+其他否定句：主語+don't/doesn't+動(dòng)詞原形+其他疑問句：Do/Does+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？1.3標(biāo)志詞often,usually,always,sometimes,everyday/week,onSundays,ingeneral,asarule；客觀真理類（如*Theearthmovesaroundthesun.*）。1.4典型例句Iusuallygotoschoolat7:30.（習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作）Waterboilsat100℃.（客觀真理）Thetrainleavesat9:00tomorrowmorning.（時(shí)刻表計(jì)劃）1.5易錯(cuò)辨析主謂一致：第三人稱單數(shù)易漏加-s/-es（如*Helike*→*Helikes*）；時(shí)刻表用法：僅指嚴(yán)格計(jì)劃（如列車），主觀計(jì)劃用一般將來時(shí)（如*IleaveforBeijingtomorrow*若為臨時(shí)決定，用*I'mleaving...*）；真理的時(shí)態(tài)：主句為過去時(shí)，從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（如*Theteachersaidtheearthmovesaroundthesun.*）。1.6基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練（單句填空）1.He______(play)basketballeveryafternoon.2.______she______(go)toschoolbybus?3.Themoon______(go)aroundtheearth.第二章一般過去時(shí)：過去的動(dòng)作與習(xí)慣2.1時(shí)態(tài)定義過去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作（常與*usedto,would*連用）。2.2結(jié)構(gòu)公式主語+動(dòng)詞過去式+其他（否定：*didn't+原形*；疑問：*Did+主語+原形？*）2.3標(biāo)志詞yesterday,lastweek,in2020,justnow,theotherday,onceuponatime,時(shí)間段+ago（如*threedaysago*）。2.4典型例句Imetmyoldfriendinthestreetyesterday.（過去動(dòng)作）SheusedtoliveinShanghai.（過去習(xí)慣）WhenIwasachild,Iwouldplayfootballafterschool.（過去反復(fù)動(dòng)作）2.5易錯(cuò)辨析不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：過去式記錯(cuò)（如*write→wrote*，*forget→forgot*）；與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)混淆：一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去做了”，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響”（如*Isawthefilm.*僅陳述；*Ihaveseenthefilm.*暗示現(xiàn)在知道內(nèi)容）；usedto與would：*usedto*可接狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞（如*usedtobefat*），*would*僅接動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞（如*wouldplay*）。2.6訓(xùn)練題1.She______(visit)hergrandparentslastweekend.2.______you______(go)tothepartyyesterday?3.He______(be)ateachertenyearsago.第三章一般將來時(shí)：計(jì)劃、預(yù)測(cè)與安排3.1時(shí)態(tài)定義將來某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作/狀態(tài)；將來的計(jì)劃、預(yù)測(cè)或職責(zé)安排。3.2結(jié)構(gòu)公式（核心表達(dá)）will/shall+原形：臨時(shí)決定、純粹預(yù)測(cè)（*shall*用于第一人稱，口語少用）；begoingto+原形：計(jì)劃、有跡象的預(yù)測(cè)（如*Lookattheclouds.It'sgoingtorain.*）；beto+原形：按計(jì)劃/安排（或命令、職責(zé)，如*YouaretofinishtheworkbyFriday.*）；3.3標(biāo)志詞tomorrow,nextweek,inthefuture,soon,in+時(shí)間段（如*inthreedays*）。3.4典型例句Iwillcallyoulater.（臨時(shí)決定）WearegoingtohaveapicnicthisSunday.（計(jì)劃）Themeetingistostartat3:00.（安排）3.5易錯(cuò)辨析will與begoingto：*will*表臨時(shí)決定、純粹預(yù)測(cè)；*begoingto*表計(jì)劃或有跡象的預(yù)測(cè)；現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來：僅限位置移動(dòng)或計(jì)劃動(dòng)作（如不能說*I'mknowingtheanswer.*）；beto的語氣：較正式，常用于通知、規(guī)定。3.6訓(xùn)練題1.We______(have)aclassmeetingthisafternoon.（計(jì)劃）2.Lookatthesky.It______(snow)soon.（有跡象）3.Thetrain______(arrive)at6:00p.m.（時(shí)刻表，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）第四章現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：此刻、現(xiàn)階段與將來計(jì)劃4.1時(shí)態(tài)定義現(xiàn)在（說話時(shí)）正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（說話時(shí)不一定在做）；表按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（位置移動(dòng)類動(dòng)詞）。4.2結(jié)構(gòu)公式am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞（doing）4.3標(biāo)志詞now,atthemoment,look,listen,thesedays,現(xiàn)階段（如*Heiswritinganovelthesedays.*）。4.4典型例句I'mreadingabooknow.（此刻動(dòng)作）SheislearningFrenchthesedays.（現(xiàn)階段動(dòng)作）They'releavingforLondontomorrow.（將來計(jì)劃）4.5易錯(cuò)辨析現(xiàn)在分詞拼寫：如*run→running*，*stop→stopping*；與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)混淆：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表暫時(shí)、正在進(jìn)行；一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表習(xí)慣、常態(tài)（如*Heisplayingfootball.*此刻在踢；*Heplaysfootballeveryday.*習(xí)慣）。4.6訓(xùn)練題1.Listen!Someone______(sing)inthenextroom.2.She______(study)abroadtheseyears.第五章過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：過去的“正在進(jìn)行”5.1時(shí)態(tài)定義過去某一時(shí)刻或時(shí)間段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；過去兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行（長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作背景，短動(dòng)作用一般過去時(shí)）。5.2結(jié)構(gòu)公式was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞5.3標(biāo)志詞atthistimeyesterday,from7to9lastnight,when/while引導(dǎo)的從句（*when*后短動(dòng)作，*while*后長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作）。5.4典型例句Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8:00lastnight.（過去某時(shí)正在做）Whileshewasreading,herbrotherwasplayinggames.（兩個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作同時(shí)）WhenIarrived,hewaswatchingTV.（短動(dòng)作*arrive*，長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作*watch*）5.5易錯(cuò)辨析when與while的時(shí)態(tài)搭配：*when*后可接一般過去時(shí)（短動(dòng)作）或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)（長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作）；*while*后接過去進(jìn)行時(shí)（長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作）；與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)分：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“進(jìn)行”，一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“完成”（如*Iwaswritingaletterwhenhecame.*寫信的動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行，來是瞬間）；主謂一致：*was*用于單數(shù)，*were*用于復(fù)數(shù)或第二人稱。5.6訓(xùn)練題1.Atthistimeyesterday,we______(have)ameeting.2.______you______(wait)formewhenIcalledyou?3.Whilemymother______(cook),I______(do)myhomework.第六章現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：過去的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在的影響6.1時(shí)態(tài)定義過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響/結(jié)果；過去開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作（常與*for,since*連用）。6.2結(jié)構(gòu)公式have/has+過去分詞6.3標(biāo)志詞already,yet,ever,never,just,recently,sofar,uptonow,for+時(shí)間段,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句（一般過去時(shí)）。6.4典型例句Ihavefinishedmyhomework.（影響：現(xiàn)在可以玩了）Hehaslivedherefortenyears.（持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在）HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?（經(jīng)歷）6.5易錯(cuò)辨析瞬間動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段連用：需轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（如*buy→have*，*borrow→keep*，*die→bedead*，*join→bein*）；for與since的用法：*for*接時(shí)間段，*since*接時(shí)間點(diǎn)或從句（如*since2010,sincehecamehere*）；與一般過去時(shí)的混淆：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“現(xiàn)在的影響”，一般過去時(shí)僅說“過去做了”（如*Isawthefilm.*僅陳述；*Ihaveseenthefilm.*現(xiàn)在知道內(nèi)容）。6.6訓(xùn)練題1.He______(live)inthiscitysince2008.2.______you______(finish)yourworkyet?3.I______(buy)thisbookfortwoyears.（需轉(zhuǎn)化為*havehad*）第七章過去完成時(shí)：“過去的過去”7.1時(shí)態(tài)定義過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作（“過去的過去”）。7.2結(jié)構(gòu)公式had+過去分詞7.3標(biāo)志詞bytheendof+過去時(shí)間，before+過去時(shí)間，when/after引導(dǎo)的從句（從句動(dòng)作先發(fā)生，用過去完成時(shí)）。7.4典型例句Bytheendoflastyear,wehadbuiltthreenewschools.WhenIgottothestation,thetrainhadleft.Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.7.5易錯(cuò)辨析時(shí)間狀語的判斷：需明確“過去的過去”的時(shí)間背景（如*by2020*是過去時(shí)間，用過去完成時(shí)）；與一般過去時(shí)的順序：先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用過去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的用一般過去時(shí)（如*HehadleftwhenIarrived.*離開在到達(dá)之前）；虛擬用法：*wish*后從句（如*IwishIhadstudiedharder.*）。7.6訓(xùn)練題1.Bythetimewegotthere,theparty______(begin).2.He______(learn)EnglishforfiveyearsbeforehecametoChina.3.IrealizedI______(leave)mywalletathome.第八章將來完成時(shí)：將來的“已完成”（選講）8.1時(shí)態(tài)定義將來某一時(shí)間之前完成的動(dòng)作。8.2結(jié)構(gòu)公式willhave+過去分詞8.3標(biāo)志詞by+將來時(shí)間（如*bythistimenextyear*）。8.4典型例句Bynextmonth,Iwillhavesavedenoughmoney.Theywillhavefinishedtheprojectbytheendofthisyear.8.5易錯(cuò)辨析時(shí)間狀語的將來性：*by*后接將來時(shí)間（如*by2025*），若接過去時(shí)間則用過去完成時(shí)；與一般將來時(shí)的區(qū)別：將來完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“完成”，一般將來時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“動(dòng)作本身”。8.6訓(xùn)練題1.Bythetimeyouarrive,we______(finish)thework.2.She______(read)thebooktwicebynextweek.綜合訓(xùn)練：時(shí)態(tài)的語境運(yùn)用訓(xùn)練一：語篇填空（根據(jù)上下文時(shí)態(tài)填空）DearTom,I______(write)totellyouaboutmyschoollife.Everyday,I______(getup)at6:00and______(have)breakfastat6:30.ThenI______(go)toschoolbybike.Now,I______(sit)intheclassroomand______(listen)totheteacher.Yesterday,I______(meet)myoldfriendLucy.We______(talk)foralongtime.Bytheendofthisterm,I______(learn)1000newwords.I______(visit)yourcitynextmonth.Ihopewe______(have)agoodtimetogether.Yours,LiHua答案提示：amwriting（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）；getup/have/go（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）；amsitting/amlistening（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）；met/talked（一般過去時(shí)）；willhavelearned（將來完成時(shí)）；willvisit（一般將來時(shí)）；willhave（一般將來時(shí)）。訓(xùn)練二：?jiǎn)尉涓腻e(cuò)（時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤）1.Heisgoingtoschoolbybikeeveryday.（______）2.Ihaveseenthefilmyesterday.（______）3.WhenIwasachild,Iamusedtoplayingfootball.（______）4.Bythetimehearrived,thebusleft.（______）5.Shehasboughtthebookforthreeyears.（______）答案提示：1.*isgoingto*→*goes*（everyday表習(xí)慣，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）；2.*haveseen*→*saw*（yesterday表過去，用一般過去時(shí)）；3.*am*→*was*（usedto表過去習(xí)慣）；4.*left*→*hadleft*（bythetime+過去時(shí)，主句用過去完成時(shí)）；5.*bought*→*had*（或*hashad*，瞬