課程主題第1講——名詞學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)識(shí)別普通名詞，專(zhuān)有名詞，可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞；了解可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式和構(gòu)成規(guī)則與可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá)的方式；了解名詞所有格的構(gòu)成規(guī)則；教學(xué)內(nèi)容【課前檢測(cè)】根據(jù)下列首字母提示，完成下文IamanartstudentandI1.p__________alotofpictures.Manypeoplepretendthattheyunderstandmodernart.Theyalways2.t_________youwhatapictureis'about'.Ofcourse,manypicturesarenot'about'3.a_________.Theyarejustprettypatterns.Weliketheminthe4.s_________waythatwelikeprettycurtainmaterial.Ithinkthat5.y_________childrenoftenappreciatemodernpicturesbetterthananyoneelse.Theynoticemore.Mysisterisonlyseven,butshealwaystellsme6.w_________mypicturesaregoodornot.Shecameintomyroomyesterday.'Whatareyoudoing?'sheasked.'I'mhangingthispictureonthewall,'Ianswered.'It'sa7.n_________one.Doyoulikeit?'Shelookedatitcriticallyforamoment.'It'sallright,'shesaid,'butisn'titupsidedown?'Ilookedatitagain.Shewas8.r_________!Itwas!1.p___________2.t___________3.a___________4.s___________5.y___________6.w___________7.n___________8.r___________【課堂導(dǎo)學(xué)】Whichofthefollowingwordmatchesthesound[b?:d]?boatB.boardC.birdD.bodyTheboyaskedhismotherwhetherFranceis______Europeancountry.anB./C.aD.the3.Weshoulddependon__________morethanourparentsandteachers.A.weB.usC.oursD.ourselves4.Nowthatproblemissolved,whynothaveabreak?Whatnice______?A.excuseB.attitudeC.resultD.adviceJackisgoodatChinese.Hecan__________speakgoodChinese__________readandwriteitwell.A.notonlybutalsoB.notorC.eitherorD.neitheror6.______importantnewsistoeverybodyinmodernsociety!A.WhatB.HowanC.HowD.Whatan7.OurfamilycelebratedThanksgivingDay_________November28th,2018.

A.for B.at C.in D.on8.NowIknowyourdecision.Pleaseask_________inyourclassabouttheirideas.

A.others B.theothers C.other D.theotherTheyounghadbetter_____toberesponsiblefortheirowndecisions.A.tolearn B.learning C.learn D.learnt10.Iseverythingreadyforourschoolcampingtrip?Wehaven’tgotmuch_____forthetrip.Willyougoandgetsome?appleB.cakeC.tomatoD.bread【知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理】名詞 【知識(shí)點(diǎn)一】名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)變化1）大部分單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)要加s，也就是單詞如果以ch，sh，s，x等結(jié)尾，則一般加es；如：watches,brushes,buses,boxes

2）以o結(jié)尾的單詞除了兩人（negro，hero）兩菜（tomato，potato）加es外，其余一般加s；如：photos【小貼士】關(guān)于以o結(jié)尾，加上es變復(fù)數(shù)的單詞，我們可以這樣記?。汉谌擞⑿蹛?ài)吃西紅柿和土豆，那么negro,hero,tomato,potato便可以很快記住了。注意：negro帶有種族歧視色彩，不?？?。

3）以f或fe結(jié)尾的單詞一般是把f，fe變?yōu)関e再加s；如：thiefthieves,knifeknives以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加es；如：babybabies,universityuniversities注意：以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的直接+s;如：boys,toys,trolleys【小貼士】口訣(規(guī)則變化)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)，直接加s占多數(shù)；s,x,z,ch,sh來(lái)結(jié)尾，直接加上es；詞尾是f或fe，加s之前先變ve；輔母+y在詞尾，把y變i加es；詞尾字母若是o，常用三個(gè)已足夠，要加es請(qǐng)記好，hero,tomato,potato。

4）英語(yǔ)中還有些單詞沒(méi)有規(guī)則，需要特殊記憶，如child—children，mouse—mice，louselice,deer—deer，sheep—sheep，Chinese—Chinese，man—men，woman—women，EnglishmanEnglishmen,foot—feet，tooth—teeth?！拘≠N士】口訣(不規(guī)則變化)男人女人a變e，鵝足牙oo變ee；老鼠虱婆也好記，ous變ic；孩子加上ren，魚(yú)鹿綿羊不用變。中日不變，英法變；其余s加后面?！咀⒁狻縡ish分3種情況。1.fish用作可數(shù)名詞指：“魚(yú)的條數(shù)”，單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式相同（twofish兩條魚(yú)）；2.指“魚(yú)的種類(lèi)”時(shí)復(fù)數(shù)形式才為fishes（twofishes兩種魚(yú)）；3.fish用作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)形式，指“魚(yú)肉”?！咀⒁狻浚簭?fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式有兩種形式。將最后部分變成復(fù)數(shù)，如：trafficlighttrafficlights將兩部分都變成復(fù)數(shù)，如：manteachermenteachers/womandoctorwomendoctors【例1】Thereisgood_________foryou.I'vefoundyourlostwatch.A.news B.ideas C.messages D.thoughts【例2】Myunclewilletomyhousefordinner．Iwanttobuysome___tomakeavegetablesaladforhim．A.meat B.tomatoes C.appleD.juice【例3】Atnightthekoalabeargetsupandeats___________．A.1eaf B.1eaves C.leafsD.aleaf【例4】Allthe____teachersenjoyedthemselvesonMarch8th，becauseitwastheirownholiday.A.man B.men C.woman D.women【例5】Mikehurtoneofhis______intheaccidentyesterday.A.tooth

B.feet

C.hand

D.ear【知識(shí)點(diǎn)二】：不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá)專(zhuān)有名詞不可數(shù)：人名/地名/國(guó)家。物質(zhì)名詞不可數(shù)：金/木/水/火/土/沙/肉/食/米/面/布/茶/咖啡/果汁/牛奶/酒/鋼鐵/玻璃/煤/油/墨水/作業(yè)/紙/粉筆/頭發(fā)/新聞/天氣。抽象名詞不可數(shù)：幸福/時(shí)光/愛(ài)情/知識(shí)/力量/仁慈/友誼/青春/信息/勇氣。4.不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)。如果要計(jì)算不可數(shù)名詞所表達(dá)的數(shù)量，就得在數(shù)詞和不可數(shù)名詞之間加上“量詞+of”。如：acupoftea一杯茶twocupsoftea兩杯茶aglassoforangejuice一杯橙汁threeglassesoforangejuice三杯橙汁apieceofbread一片面包fivepiecesofbread五片面包可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的不定數(shù)量表達(dá)只能修飾可數(shù)名詞few,afew,quiteafew（相當(dāng)多的）,many,toomany,a(large)numberof.只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞little,alittle,quitealittle（相當(dāng)多的）,much,toomuch,anamountof,alargeamountof,hugeamountsof,agreatdealof.可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞皆可修飾some,any,lotsof,alotof,plentyof,twohundred/thousand/million,hundreds/thousands/millionsof.【例1】MrSmithalwayshas_________totellus．A．somegoodpiecesofnews B．somepiecesofgoodnewsC．somegoodpieceofnewes D．somepieceofgoodnewes【例2】―Wouldyoulikesomedrinks,boys?―Yes,

,please.A.someoranges

B.twoboxesofchocolates

C.somecakes

D.twobottlesoforange【例3】Hisfatherwenttohisdoctorfor_______abouthistrouble.A.anadviceB.someadviceCadvicesD.theadvices【例4】Beforemovingintothenewhouse,Ms.Andyisthinkingofbuying__________.A.piecesoffurnitureB.severalfurnitureC.acoupleoffurnitureD.somefurnitures【例5】Mycousinwillstaywithmefor___daysthissummerholiday.A.alittleB.abitC.acoupleofD.anamountof【知識(shí)點(diǎn)三】：名詞的所有格（一）加’s這類(lèi)情況主要是指單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后面。如：theboy’smotherChildren’sbooks【注意】用于表時(shí)間、國(guó)家和城市、組織機(jī)構(gòu)、度量衡、天體的名詞后也加’s如：tomorrow’sweatherAmerica’spolicythegovernment’spolicyamile’sdistancetheearth’ssurface還有某些固定表達(dá)，如：astone’sthrow一箭之遙atone'swit’send黔驢技窮（二）加’這種情況一般是加在以復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s結(jié)尾的單詞后面。如：thegirls’fatherthecats’paws（三）of的所有格“of+名詞”這種情況一般用于名詞為無(wú)生命的事物，表示所有關(guān)系。如：thewindowofthekitchenthedoorofthishouse（四）雙重所有格“of+名詞所有格”表示整體中的一個(gè)或部分。如：afriendofMr.White’s=oneofMr.White’sfriendssomecoinsofmyfather’s=someofmyfather’scoins【注意】名詞性物主代詞也可用于雙重所有格。如：abookofmine=mybookateacherofours=ourteacher（五）to的所有格英語(yǔ)中有一類(lèi)所有格，既不是用of結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)，也不是用’s結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)，而是要用介詞to。如：thekeytothedoortheanswertothequestionthewaytotheparktheentrancetothetheatrethesolutiontotheproblem（六）for的所有格theticketforthegamethecheckfortheexamtheexitfortherestaurant【例1】_________fathersarebothscientists.A.Jim'sandBob B.Jim'sandBob'sC.JimandBob'sD.JimandBob【例2】

—Excuseme,isthesupermarketfarfromhere?

—No,it’sabout_______.

A.7minuteswalk

B.7minutewalk C.7minutes’walk

D.7minute’swalk【例3】Aretheygoingtohaveapartyon_______?A.Children’sDay

B.Childrens’sDayC.ChildrensDay

D.ChildrenDay【例4】_________telephonedthismorning.A.MyfatherfriendB.AfriendofmyfatherC.Afriendofmyfather'sD.Oneofmyfather'sfriend【例5】―How’sJoy’sskirt?

―Herskirtismorebeautifulthan

.

A.hersister’sandKate

B.hersisterandKate

C.hersisterandKate’s

D.hersister’sandKate’s【課堂練習(xí)】pletethesentenceswifethegiverswordsintheirproper1．Therecorderneedsfour__________.(speak)2．Somefamous__________aregoingtogivelecturesinouruniversityinAugust.(science)3．Childrengoto__________schoolsaftertheyleaveelementaryschools.(second)4．“Yourjobisto__________customerswell,Pleasekeepitinmind.”Themanagertoldthewaiters.(service)5．Thestoryhappenedina__________winter.(snow)6．ThefamousteacherYuYimadeagreat__________onherteachingcareer.(succeed)7．Thebravemantookthechildtothe__________(safe)8．Afterhalfanhour’sflying,theplanelanded__________inShanghai.(safe)9．Weknowhavingnodinnerisn'tahealthywayforfatpeopletolose__________(weigh).10．Lily,onlyeight,isabletotakecareof__________,whenherparentsareoutonbusiness.(she)ClozeTest:Doyouknow__1__piecesofpaperyouuseeveryyear?Maybeyouranswerisalot.Doyouknowwhatpapercanbemadefrom?Ofcourse,youknowitismainlymadefromwood.Intheworldtodaymoreandbetterpaper__2__madeandpaperisused__3__moreandmorekindsofways.__4__weallknow,paperiswidelyusedforbooks,newspapers,letters,etc.Andpaperisverygoodforkeepingpeoplewarm.Nowpeopleusepapertomakemanythings,suchaspapercups,plates,chairs,tables,beds,shoes,hats,raincoats,houses,etc.Andinthefuture,youwillprobably__5__abletoseethatcars,trains,planesandmanyotherthingswillbemadeofpaper.()1.A.howmuch B.howmany C.howlot D.howfew()2. A.was B.is C.were D.are()3. A.on B.under C.in D.to()4. A.as B.As C.When D.when()5. A.tobe B.be C.to D.andReadingprehensionAnnalivedonthesideofavalley(山谷).Onewinter,therewasaverybigflood,andalotofhousesdownbelowAnna’shousewerewashedaway.Anna’shousewashighenoughtoescapetheflood,sowhenthewaterhaddisappearedandtheotherhouseswerestandingtherewithnoroofsandwallsandallcoveredwithmud,herhousewasstillquiteallright.ThatyearAnna’swasverylucky.Herhousewasquitesmallandtherewereonlytwosmallbedrooms,herhusbandwasdeadwhenthechildrenwereveryyoung,andshehadfourchildren,butAnnatookinoneofthefamiliesthathadlosteverythinginthefloodandshesharedherhomewiththemuntilitwaspossibleforthemtorebuildtheirhouse.Anna’sfriendswereverypuzzled(困惑)whentheysawAnnadothis.TheycouldnotunderstandwhyAnnawantedtogiveherselfsomuchmoreworkandtroublewhenshehadalreadyquitealotofchildrentosupport.Lifewouldbeevenharderwhenanotherfamilyjoinedthem.“Well,”Annaexplainedtoherfriends,“attheendoftheFirstWorldWar,awomaninthetownwhereIthenlivedinGermanyfoundherselfverypoor,becauseherhusbandhadbeenkilledinthewarandshehadalotofchildren,asIhavenow.”“ThedaybeforeChristmas,thiswomansaidtoherchildren,‘Wewon’thavemuchforChristmasthisyear,soIamgoingtogetonlyonegiftforallofusandIamsurewewillallbegladtohaveit.NowI’llgoandgetit.’Shecamebackwithalittlegirlwhowasevenpoorerthanthey,andwhohadnoparents.‘Hereisourgift,’shesaidtoherchildren.”“Thechildrenwereveryexcitedandhappytogetsuchagift.Theyweledthelittlegirl,andshegrewupastheirsister,IwasjustthatChristmasgift.”1.WheredidAnnalive?2.Washerhousewashedawayinthebigflood?3.HowmanypeoplewerethereinAnna’sfamily?4.WhywereAnna’sfriendspuzzledwhenshesharedherhousewithafamilythathadlosteverything?5.WhendidAnnaliveinGermany?6.WhowasoncegivenasaChristmasgifttoapoorfamily?7.WhywasAnnawillingtohelpthepoor?【課堂回顧】【課后作業(yè)】I.把下列單詞中發(fā)音有/e?/的單詞寫(xiě)在橫線(xiàn)上面。madepaynationpatiencegatepopulationgreattransport_______________________________________________________________II.ChoosethebestanswersItisimportantforustokeepapromise.Whichofthefollowingiscorrectfortheunderlinedwordinthesentence?/'pr?mes/B./'pr?:m?s/C./'pr?:mes/D./'pr?m?s/Whichofthefollowingisunderlinedpartsisdifferentinpronunciationwiththethreeothers?Tomneedssomeinformationforhisproject.Ihavemanyquestionstoaskyou.Hissituationisevenworsethanbefore.Carsareamajorsourceofpollution.Thisisa____usedcar.It’smuchcheaperthananewone.TheB.anC.aD./EveryyearAlicespends_____moneyonnewclothes.ManyB.alargenumberofC.quiteafewD.hugeamountofWeshallhavea_____holidayafterthefinalexam.ThreeweeksB.threeweekC.threeweek’sD.threeweeksHewastooangrytosay______NothingB.somethingC.anythingD.everythingTheWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkwasdestroyedbyterroristattacks.InB.byC.atD.onThelittlegirliswearinganewskirtnow.shelooks__________.LovelyB.wonderfullyC.happilyD.beautifullyWhodrives______,yourfatheroryourmother?ThemostcarefulMorecarefulThemostcarefullyMorecarefully____ofthesurfaceoftheearth____coveredwithwater.seventen…areseventens…issevententh…issevententh…areTherain___yet.You’dbetternotgoout.Hasn’tstoppedB.didn’tstopWon’tstopD.doesn’tstopAlotofwater____inShanghaieveryyear.It’sabigproblem.WastesB.iswastedC.havebeenwastedD.iswastingIreallydon’tknow_____thisquestion.WhichtodoB.whichtoanswerC.whattodoD.howtoanswerJuliahasbeenbusy____plansforherwedding.MakeB.tomakeC.madeD.makingFreshwateris____precious____itissometimescalledliquidgold.Such…thatB.too…toC.as…as…D.so…that…Mikedidn’ttellus_____IfhewillgiveusalectureWhetherhewouldgowithusWhenhehasstartedWhenhewillarriveHumanbrainscanhardlycalculatefasterthanaputer,_____?AretheyB.aren’ttheyC.can’ttheyD.cantheyThePalaceMuseumislocatedinthecenterofBeijing.Theunderlinedpartmeans____.LaysB.lyingC.liesD.laidA:Wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?B:_____________IwouldB.I’mafraidit’stoowindyC.Yes,pleasegoaheadD.Sure.I’mgoingtocloseitsoon.20.WhichofthefollowingisnotastateoftheUnitedStates?A.NewYorkB.HawaiiC.CaliforniaD.LosAngelesIII.用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空A.名詞的數(shù)1.MyfatherwentfishinglastSunday.Hecaughtseven_____________(fish).2.Davidgavemeapieceofuseful_____________(advice)onlearningEnglish.3.Motherboughtapieceofbeautiful_____________(cloth)tomakeadressformyeldersister.4.Thecenterofthislovelytownisusuallyfullof_____________(tour).5.TheyefromSwitzerland.Theyareall_____________(Swiss).6.Thesewinesaremadefrom_____________(grape)onhisfarm.7.Pleasecutaloafofbreadintotwo_____________(half).8.Thelostboycriedandshouted,hopingsomeoneinthe_____________(wood)wouldhearhim.B.綜合MeimeilearnttospeakEnglishby.(she)It’stimefortohavesupper.(we)Couldyoushowthewayonthemap?(she)Shecanswimverywell.Shetaught(she).I’velivedherealllife.(I)Myradioisnotsogoodas.(he)Couldyoupassapieceofpaper,please?(I)Youboughtanewpencilonwaytoschool,didn’tyou?(you)IV.改變句型Theshirtcosthimmuchmoney.(改為否定句)Theshirthimmuchmoney.Davidisaverycarefulworker.(改為感嘆句)Daviddoeshiswork!Thisansweriswrong.Thatanswerisalsowrong.(保持原句意思)thisanswerthatoneisright.Youmustn’tsmokehere.(保持原句意思)Youtosmokehere.Maryhopedthatshewouldget“A”inthephysicstest.(改為簡(jiǎn)單句)Maryhopedan“A”inthephysicstest.V.閱讀MaYanisnotreallyawriter.Butthis15yearoldgirlhaswrittenabookthathasmovedmanypeoplearoundtheworld.“MaYan’sDiary”tellsusaboutMa’slife.ShelivesinapoorvillagecalledZhangjiashuinTongxin,Ningxia,andshehasnomoneytogotoschool.Butsheisbraveandhasastrongdesire（欲望）togotoschool.HermothergaveherdiarytoaFrenchreporter,PierreHaskiwhenhewenttoZhangjisshuin2001.Now,ithasbeenpublished（出版）inFranceItaly,Germany,JapanandChina.MaisnowaJuniorThreestudentatYuwangMiddleSchoolinTongxin.Beforethis,shehadtoleaveschooltwice.Whenshehadtostopgoingtoschoolthefirsttime,hermumtoldhertherewasnomoneyforhertogotoschool.Sheworkedfor21daysandsaved13yuan.Withthismoney,shewentbacktoschool.Thesecondtime,herfamilytoldhershehadtoleaveschoolbuthertwobrotherscouldstay.“Iwanttostudy,”Mawroteinherdiary.“Whycanboysstudybutgirlscan’t?ItwouldbewonderfulifIcouldstayatschoolforever.”Malovesschoolsomuchbecauseshewantstohaveabetterlife.“Myparentsworkhardinthefieldsbuttheyarestillpoor.Theyhavenoknowledge.Mostgirlsinmyvillageleaveschoolearlyandgetmarriedyoung.Idon’twantthatkindoflife,”Masaid.Afterherstorybecameknown,manyFrenchstudentsentmoneytoher.Ma’sdreamisthesameasever.ShehopestogotoTsinghuaUniversityandbeeareporter.“Then,Icanfindpoorkidslikemeandhelpthem,”shesaid.WhichofthefollowingcandescribeMaYan’scharacter（性格）best?A．Brave. B．Pretty. C．Lucky. D．Poor.2.Nowyoucanfind“MaYan’sDiary”inallthefollowingcountriesexcept(除了)_____.A．Germany B．Britain C．Japan D．France3.Whichofthefollowingisthemain（主要的）reasonforMaYan’sDiarytobepublished?A．Hermothergaveherenoughmoneytopublishthebook.B．Shewroteaboutthepoorlifeinhervillage.C．Sheisverygoodatwriting.D．HerdiarywasreadbyaFrenchreporter.4.Whichisthereasonforherleavingschoolforthesecondtime?A．Shehadtohelphermotherdosomehousework.B．Herbrothersstudiedbetterthanshedid.C．Girlswerenotequallytreated（平等對(duì)待）intheirvillage.D．Shedidn’tstudyhard.5.MaYanwantstostudybecauseshewantsto__________.A．teachherparentsknowledgeB．getmoremoneyforherstudyinTsinghuaUniversityC．beemorefamousD．getmoreknowledgetochangeherownli