英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練及模擬試題一、英語被動(dòng)語態(tài)概述被動(dòng)語態(tài)（PassiveVoice）是英語中核心語法結(jié)構(gòu)之一，用于強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者（而非執(zhí)行者），或在執(zhí)行者未知、不重要或需保持客觀的場(chǎng)景中使用。其核心邏輯是：主語是動(dòng)作的承受者（即動(dòng)作的對(duì)象），謂語由“be動(dòng)詞+過去分詞（PastParticiple）”構(gòu)成。1.1主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)的轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系主動(dòng)句：主語（執(zhí)行者）+謂語（主動(dòng)形式）+賓語（承受者）例：They(執(zhí)行者)clean(主動(dòng))theclassroom(承受者)everyday.被動(dòng)句：賓語（承受者）+謂語（被動(dòng)形式）+(by+執(zhí)行者)（可選）例：Theclassroom(承受者)iscleaned(被動(dòng))(bythem)everyday.二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則被動(dòng)語態(tài)的核心結(jié)構(gòu)是“be+過去分詞”，其中be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)需與主動(dòng)句保持一致，過去分詞則由動(dòng)詞本身決定（規(guī)則動(dòng)詞加-ed，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞需記憶，如write→written、break→broken）。2.1不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are+過去分詞Theclassroom**iscleaned**everyday.一般過去時(shí)was/were+過去分詞Theletter**waswritten**byTom.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/arebeing+過去分詞Thehouse**isbeingbuilt**now.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/werebeing+過去分詞Thecake**wasbeingmade**whenIarrived.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasbeen+過去分詞Thebook**hasbeentranslated**intomanylanguages.過去完成時(shí)hadbeen+過去分詞Thework**hadbeenfinished**beforehecame.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞Theproblem**mustbesolved**immediately.2.2特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)（1）動(dòng)詞短語的被動(dòng)動(dòng)詞短語（如lookafter、takecareof、putoff）變被動(dòng)時(shí)，需保留介詞/副詞，不可省略。例：Theoldmanisbeingtakencareofbyhisdaughter.（老人正被女兒照顧。）Themeetingwillbeputoffuntilnextweek.（會(huì)議將被推遲到下周。）（2）不定式的被動(dòng)不定式的被動(dòng)形式為“tobe+過去分詞”，用于表示“應(yīng)該/需要被做”。例：Theworkneedstobedonetoday.（這項(xiàng)工作需要今天完成。）Hewantstobeinvitedtotheparty.（他想被邀請(qǐng)參加派對(duì)。）（3）動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式為“being+過去分詞”，用于介詞或動(dòng)詞后。例：Sheisafraidofbeinglaughedat.（她害怕被嘲笑。）Hehatesbeinginterruptedwhenspeaking.（他討厭說話時(shí)被打斷。）三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用場(chǎng)景被動(dòng)語態(tài)并非隨意使用，需符合以下邏輯：3.1強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作承受者當(dāng)需要突出“誰/什么被做”時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例：Theprize(承受者)waswonbya10-year-oldgirl.（獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)被一個(gè)10歲女孩贏得。）3.2執(zhí)行者未知或無需提及當(dāng)執(zhí)行者不明確（如“被偷”“被發(fā)現(xiàn)”）或無需強(qiáng)調(diào)（如客觀陳述）時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。例：Mybikewasstolenlastnight.（我的自行車昨晚被偷了。）（不知道誰偷的）Anewlawwaspassedyesterday.（昨天通過了一項(xiàng)新法律。）（無需提及立法者）3.3正式文體的客觀表達(dá)在新聞、學(xué)術(shù)論文、官方文件等正式文體中，被動(dòng)語態(tài)可增強(qiáng)客觀性。例：Astudyhasbeenconductedtoinvestigatetheeffectofpollution.（已開展一項(xiàng)研究以調(diào)查污染的影響。）（學(xué)術(shù)論文）Thesuspectwasarrestedbythepolice.（嫌疑人被警方逮捕。）（新聞報(bào)道）3.4避免主語重復(fù)或保持句子平衡當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的主語過長(zhǎng)或重復(fù)時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)可使句子更簡(jiǎn)潔。例：Whenthedoor(承受者)wasopened,acatranout.（當(dāng)門被打開時(shí)，一只貓跑了出來。）（避免用“Whensomeoneopenedthedoor...”，主語重復(fù)）四、專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練：分類型突破以下訓(xùn)練針對(duì)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的核心考點(diǎn)（時(shí)態(tài)、動(dòng)詞短語、使用場(chǎng)景）設(shè)計(jì)，幫助學(xué)習(xí)者逐一突破。4.1訓(xùn)練1：主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句（時(shí)態(tài)覆蓋）請(qǐng)將下列主動(dòng)句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)句（注意保留原時(shí)態(tài)）：1.Theycleantheclassroomeveryday.2.Shewrotealetteryesterday.3.Wewillfinishtheprojectnextmonth.4.Heisbuildingahousenow.答案：1.Theclassroomiscleanedeveryday(bythem).2.Aletterwaswrittenyesterday(byher).4.Ahouseisbeingbuiltnow(byhim).4.2訓(xùn)練2：選擇正確的被動(dòng)形式請(qǐng)選擇符合語境的被動(dòng)答案（重點(diǎn)考查時(shí)態(tài)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞短語）：1.Theflowers______bymymothereverymorning.A.waterB.watersC.arewateredD.werewatered2.Thebook______bymanypeoplesinceitwaspublished.A.isreadB.wasreadC.hasbeenreadD.willberead3.Theproblem______bytheteachernow.A.isdiscussingB.isbeingdiscussedC.discussesD.discussed4.Yourhomeworkmust______beforeyougotobed.A.finishB.befinishedC.finishedD.befinishing5.Theoldman______byhisdaughterfortenyears.A.islookedafterB.waslookedafterC.hasbeenlookedafterD.willbelookedafter答案與解析：1.C（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)，everymorning提示經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作，flowers是承受者）2.C（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)，since引導(dǎo)的從句用過去時(shí)，主句需用完成時(shí)）3.B（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)，now提示正在進(jìn)行，problem是承受者）4.B（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)，must后接“be+過去分詞”）5.C（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)，fortenyears提示持續(xù)動(dòng)作，oldman是承受者）4.3訓(xùn)練3：被動(dòng)語態(tài)改錯(cuò)請(qǐng)找出下列句子中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤并改正：1.Theaccidentwashappenedyesterday.2.Thebookiswrotebyafamouswriter.3.Theflowersaretakingcareofbythegardener.4.Theproblemmustsolvedimmediately.5.ThehousewasbuildingwhenIarrived.答案與解析：1.去掉was（happen是不及物動(dòng)詞，無被動(dòng)語態(tài)）2.wrote→written（過去分詞錯(cuò)誤，write的過去分詞是written）3.taking→taken（被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為“be+過去分詞”，take的過去分詞是taken）4.must后加be（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)需用“mustbe+過去分詞”）5.building→beingbuilt（過去進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)應(yīng)為“wasbeing+過去分詞”）4.4訓(xùn)練4：漢譯英（用被動(dòng)語態(tài)表達(dá)）請(qǐng)將下列句子譯為英語，要求使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)：1.這個(gè)房間每天都被打掃。2.這封信是湯姆寫的。3.這個(gè)項(xiàng)目將在下個(gè)月完成。4.這本書已經(jīng)被翻譯成多種語言。5.這個(gè)問題必須立即解決。答案：1.Theroomiscleanedeveryday.2.TheletterwaswrittenbyTom.4.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.5.Theproblemmustbesolvedimmediately.五、模擬試題：實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練以下試題模擬中考/高考題型，覆蓋被動(dòng)語態(tài)的核心考點(diǎn)，幫助學(xué)習(xí)者檢驗(yàn)掌握情況。5.1單項(xiàng)選擇（10題）1.Anewschool______inourtownnextyear.A.buildsB.willbuildC.willbebuiltD.wasbuilt2.Thefilm______bymillionsofpeoplesofar.A.seesB.sawC.hasbeenseenD.willbeseen3.Thebaby______byhisgrandmothernow.A.istakingcareofB.isbeingtakencareofC.takescareofD.tookcareof4.Yourbike______ifyouleaveithere.A.willstealB.willbestolenC.stealsD.isstolen5.Thestory______bymygrandfatherwhenIwasachild.A.tellsB.toldC.wastoldD.istold6.Thebridge______fortwoyears.A.isbuiltB.wasbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.willbebuilt7.Themeeting______untilnextweek.A.willputoffB.willbeputoffC.putsoffD.isputoff8.Thebook______tomebymyfriendyesterday.A.givesB.gaveC.wasgivenD.isgiven9.Theproblem______bythestudentsnow.A.isdiscussingB.isbeingdiscussedC.discussesD.discussed10.Thecake______bymymotherwhenIgothome.A.ismadeB.wasmadeC.wasbeingmadeD.hasbeenmade答案：1.C2.C3.B4.B5.C6.C7.B8.C9.B10.C5.2完形填空（選段）請(qǐng)根據(jù)上下文，用適當(dāng)?shù)谋粍?dòng)語態(tài)填空：答案與解析：1.wasopened（一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng)，yesterday提示過去時(shí)，museum是承受者）2.hadbeenbuilt（過去完成時(shí)被動(dòng)，build發(fā)生在opened之前，即“過去的過去”）3.areexhibited（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)，陳述當(dāng)前展覽狀態(tài)）4.wasvisited（一般過去時(shí)被動(dòng)，onthefirstday提示過去時(shí)）5.issaid（固定句型“Itissaidthat...”，表示“據(jù)說”）5.3短文改錯(cuò)（選段）請(qǐng)找出下列短文中的被動(dòng)語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤并改正：Lastweek,ourschoolheldasportsmeeting.Manystudentstookpartinit.Theopeningceremonywasheldinthemorning.Theflagwasraisedbytheheadmaster.Then,thegamesbegan.The100-meterracewaswonbyLiMing.Heranveryfast.Thelongj