2022屆北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)高三下學(xué)期5月模擬（二模）英語(yǔ)試題本試卷共10頁(yè)。考生務(wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無(wú)效。第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1．5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Oleita,a26-year-oldenvironmentalistfromDetroit,thinksshemayhaveapartialsolutionfortwoproblems:garbageandpoverty．It'scalledtheChipBagProject．Sheisencouragingsnackloverstodonatetheir1chipbagsratherthanthrowthemaway,soshecanturnthemintosleepingbagsforthehomeless．TheideacametoOleitatwoyearsagowhenshecameacrossawomaninEngland2viewershowtoputchipbagstogethertomakesleepingbagsonFacebook．3shedecidedtousethatvideoasablueprinttostarttheChipBagProject．Oleitaandhervolunteersgetchipbagsofallbrandsandsizes．Aftercleaningtheminsoapyhotwater,they4themopen,laythemflatandironthemtogether．Theyusethematerialfromoldcoatsto5theinsides．Eachsleepingbagrequires150chipbagsandtakesaroundfourhourstocomplete．Since2020，theprojecthas6morethan800,000chipbagsand,asoflastDecember,created110sleepingbags．Sure,itwouldbesimplerto7moneytobuynewsleepingbags．Butthat''snotenough．“Wearecommittedtoproviding8forthoseinneed,makinganimpactnotonlysocially,butenvironmentally,Oleitasays．And,ofcourse,there'sthesymbolismofrecyclingbagsthatwould9landinthetrashandusingthemtohelpthehomeless．It'sapowerfulreminderthatpollutionandpovertyoftengohandinhand．AsOleitasaid，“Ithinkit'stimetoshow10betweenalloftheseissues．”1．A．clean B．special C．empty D．new2．A．showing B．a(chǎn)sking C．sending D．observing3．A．Astonished B．Inspired C．Disappointed D．Embarrassed4．A．push B．slice C．knock D．swing5．A．decorate B．match C．a(chǎn)djust D．cover6．A．purchased B．sold C．collected D．produced7．A．raise B．borrow C．earn D．save8．A．relaxation B．innovation C．instruction D．relief9．A．still B．a(chǎn)lmost C．hardly D．otherwise10．A．conflicts B．similarities C．connections D．distinctions第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1．5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。AYearsago,IwasinManhattantovisitmybrother．Stoppingatapayphonetocallhim,Ireachedintomywalletforapieceofpaperwithhisnumberonit．Later,whenIgottomybrother'splace,hetoldmeawomanjustcalledhim,sayingshe11（find）awallet．Butshedidn'tfindanything12couldshowtheowner'sidentificationbutthephonenumberinside．Knowingshe13（wait）atabarnearthepayphone,Ihurriedoverandfoundmyhero．“MayIbuyyouadrink？”Iasked．“No,thanks，”shesaid,handingmemywallet．BWeknowthat14（get）somefreshaircanbeamoodlifter,butnowaGermanstudygivesusinsightintowhy．Whenresearchersexaminedparticipants'brains,theydiscoveredthatthosewhospentmoretimeoutsidehadalargervolumeofgraymatterintherightprefrontalcortex-theareainvolvedinplanningthoughtsandactions．Ofcourse,gettingoutsidecoulddomoregoodthanamoodshift15earlierstudieshavefoundthatlessprefrontalgraymatterislinkedtodepression．Therefore,makeitagoal16（spend）atleastonehouroutsideeveryday．CAnewstudy，17（lead）byWellesleyCenters,foundthatjoiningsocialmediabeforeage11wassignificantlyrelatedtomore“problematicdigitalbehaviors"，comparedtothosewhojoinedtheplatformswhentheywereolder．Kidswhojoinedsocialmediabeforeage11seemed18（easily）distractedandmoreunsympathetic．However,theyshowedgreaterengagementwithintheonlinecommunity．Thegoodnewsisthatparentsplayanactiveroleandkidsshowedlessenednegativeeffects19parentalcontrols．WithstrongeffectsoftheInternet,wecanexpectthattheneedtounderstand20technologyshapeskidsintheiryoungageswillbecomemoreurgent．第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ASummerofKidsPost2022continueswithourreaderssharingtheirsummervacationadventures．Thisweek'seditionfeaturesnationalparksandanoldrailroadtunnel（隧道）。MoubonKurukumbi，13，andMasoomKurukumbi，10，ofFairfaxvisitedWashingtonstate．Theyhikedinthreenationalparks:NorthCascades,MountRainierandOlympicNationalPark．WhileonHurricaneRidgeMountaininOlympicNationalPark,MoubonandMasoomwereapproachedbyseveralblack-taileddeer．NathanHoward，8，ofAshburnvisitedtheSmokyMountainsNationalParkinNorthCarolinaandTennessee．Nathanhiked,playedinstreamsandsawtwobears．HeisajuniorrangerandwantstobearangertolookaftertheSmokyMountainsNationalParkwhenhegrowsup．BellaLamb，13，AriLamb，8，ofVirginiaBeach,andVioletLamb，9，ofCentrevillevisitedtheClaudiusCrozetBlueRidgeTunnelinRockfishGap,Virginia．Thehistoricrailroadtunnelwasbuiltinthe1850s．Theywalkedthroughthetunnelwithflashlightswhileenjoyingthecoolertemperatures．Weexpectmoreofourreaderstoincludeusintheirsummervacations,sotakeapageofKidsPostandsharethefun．We'llfeatureaselectionofreaders'photosintheprintKidsPostandonkidspost．comthissummer．InSeptember,threerandomlyselectedparticipantswillreceivebooksandKidsPostpresents．Herearetherules：·GetarecentcopyoftheprintedKidsPostorprintoutapageonline（wapo．st/kidspost2022PDF）。Takeitonyourvacation．?Getsomeonetotakeaphotoofyou-andbrothers,sistersorotherfamilymembersholdingKidsPost．Makesureatleastonepersoninthephotoisbetweentheagesof5and13．·Haveaparentfillouttheentryformatwapo．st/summerofkidspost．2022andattachyourphoto．Listthefullname,ageandhometownofeveryoneinthephotoandexplainwhereyouareandwhat'sgoingon．·Familiescansubmitonlyonephoto,anditmusthavebeentakenafterMay23,2022．EntriesareduebySeptember1．Formoreinformation,pleasevisitkidspost@washpost．com．21．Fromthepassageweknowthat_______．A．BellaandArihikedinthreenationalparksB．Violetsawblack-taileddeerinOlympicNationalParkC．MoubonandMasoomwalkedthroughanoldrailroadtunnelD．NathanspottedbearsattheSmokyMountainsNationalPark22．Ifkidswanttogetachanceofreceivingbooksandpresents,theyneedto_______．A．filloutthepaperentryformB．takee-KidsPostontheirvacationC．submittheentriesbeforeMay23,2022D．sendaphotoofthemselvesholdingKidsPost23．WhydoesKidsPostholdthesummeradventuresharingactivity？A．Tofuelkids'passionforphotography．B．Toinspireasenseofadventureinkids．C．Toattractmorekids'attentiontothenewspaper．D．Torecommendtouristdestinationsforkids'vacation．BHarvestTabbywalkedonherwaytoschool．Shefeltasenseofanticipationbecausethisyearshewouldbeoneofthegraduatesbeinghonoredatthetownfestival．Thesedays,shewaswaitingtohearbackaboutanadmissionapplicationshesenttohertop-choicecollege．Ithadtheprogramthatshewasmostexcitedabout．TodayshestayedlateatschooltogetfeedbackonanothercollegeessayfromMs．Mueller,herhighschoolteacher．Ms．MuellertoldTabbythatheressaywasverymovingandthatsheknewTabbywouldmissherhometown,butherdegreewouldbeworthit．Tabbyrespondedgratefully．Onthewayhome,thesightofthefestivaldecorationsmadeherfeelguilty．Sheknewthatmostofherclassmatescouldhappilyenjoythefestivalknowingthattheywouldbegoingontodoexactlywhatwasexpectedofthem-carryingonthetown'straditionsbystayingclosetofamilyandfarm．Spendingmanyyearsatalargeuniversityinacitysomewherefarfromhomewasn'tsupposedtobepartoftheirplan．WhenTabbygothome,herfamilywaspreparingpackageswithhomemadecookiestosellatthefestival．“Let'smakeanassemblyline（流水線(xiàn)），”saidTabby．“Alwaystryingtoimprovetheprocess,aren'tyou？"herbrotherlaughed．Tabbyknewwhathewasreferringto．Lastsummer,Tabbydiscoveredatechniqueforimprovinggrainstoragewithoutcostlyequipment,whichwasadoptedbylocalfarmers．Aftercompletingpacking,Tabbywenttoherroom．Onherbed,shesawalargeenvelopefromthecollegeshewaswaitingtohearfrom．Shehadbeenacceptedintothefamouscollege-theonewiththeworld-renownedagriculturalscienceprogram！ThefirstpersonTabbysharedthenewswithwashergrandfather．Hegaveherabighug．“Iguessmyscientistgirlstillhasfarmingintheblood，"hesaid．“Yes！AndIwillcomebackanddosomeresearchrighthereinafewyears，"shesaid．“Well,thisoldfarmcouldcertainlyusesomeimprovements！I'mproudofyou,Tabby！”hesaid．24．WhydidTabbystaylateatschool？A．Togetadviceonhercollegeessay． B．Tosaygoodbyetoherteacher．C．Toexpressherthankstoherhighschool． D．Towaitforheradmissionletter．25．Tabbyfeltguiltybecauseshe_______．A．failedtoliveuptoherteacher'sexpectationsB．skippedoutonhelpingsetupthedecorationsC．plannedonleavingtopursueahighereducationD．couldnotassistherclassmatestogetintocollege26．Accordingtothepassage,Tabbywillprobably_______．A．contributetothefarminginherhometownB．chooseafamouscollegeclosetoherhomeC．a(chǎn)dopthergrandfather'sadvicetobeascientistD．a(chǎn)pplyherknowledgetocollegeagricultureprojectsCMillionsofmigratory（遷徙的）birdsoccupyseasonallyfavorablebreeding（繁殖）groundsintheArctic,butscientistsknowlittleabouttheformation,maintenanceandfutureofthemigrationroutesofArcticbirdsandthegeneticdeterminantsofmigratorydistance．Inanewstudy,amultinationalteamofresearchersundertheleadershipofDr．ZHANXiangjiangfromtheInstituteofZoologyoftheChineseAcademyofSciencesintegratedtwostate-of-the-arttechniques-satellitetrackingandwholegenomesequencing（基因排序）-andestablishedacontinental-scalemigrationsystemofperegrinefalconsinEurasianArctic．Theresearcherstracked56peregrinefalconsfromsixEurasianArcticbreedingpopulationsandsequenced35genomesfromfourofthesepopulationstostudythemigrationofthisspecies．TheyfoundthatthebirdsusedfivemigrationroutesacrossEurasia,probablyestablishedbetweenthelastIceAge22,000yearsagoandthemiddle-Holocene6,000yearsago．“PeregrinefalconsinitiatedtheirautumnmigrationmainlyinSeptember,andarrivedattheirwinteringareasmainlyinOctober，"saidProfessorMikeBruford,anecologistatCardiffUniversity．“Peregrinefalconsthatdepartfromdifferentbreedinggroundsusedifferentroutes,andwinteratwidelydistributedsitesacrossfourdistinctregions．Individualbirdsthatweretrackedformorethanoneyearexhibitedstrongpathrepeatabilityduringmigration,completeloyaltytowinteringlocationsandlimitedbreedingdispersal（擴(kuò)散）?！盩heresearchersquantifiedthemigrationstrategiesandfoundthatmigrationdistanceisthemostsignificantdifferentiation．Theyusedwholegenomesequencingandfoundagene-ADCY8，whichisknowntobeinvolvedinlong-termmemoryinotheranimalsinpreviousresearch-associatedwithdifferencesinmigratorydistance．TheyfoundADCY8hadavariantathighfrequencyinlong-distancemigrantpopulationsofperegrinefalcons,indicatingthisvariantisbeingfavorablyselectedbecauseitmayincreasepowersoflong-termmemorythoughttobeessentialforlong-distancemigration．"Previousstudieshaveidentifiedseveralcandidategenomicregionsthatmayregulatemigration-butourworkisthestrongestdemonstrationofaspecificgeneassociatedwithmigratorybehavioryetidentified，"ProfessorBrufordsaid．Theresearchersfurtherlookedatmodelsoflikelyfuturemigrationbehaviortopredicttheimpactofglobalwarming．Iftheclimatewarmsatthesamerateasithasinrecentdecades,theypredictperegrinepopulationsinwesternEurasiahavethehighestprobabilityofpopulationdeclineandmaystopmigratingaltogether．“Ourworkisthefirsttobegintounderstandthewayecologicalfactorsmayinteractinmigratorybirds，"saidDr．ZHANXiangjiang．“Wehopeitwillserveasacornerstonetohelpconservemigratoryspeciesintheworld．”27．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs？A．Fivebirds'historicalmigrationrouteswererebuilt．B．Peregrinefalconssticktotheareaswheretheywinter．C．Twonovelresearchmethodsofmigrationwereinvented．D．PeregrinefalconsleaveforArcticregionsinSeptember．28．WhatcanweinferaboutADCY8？A．Itisanewly-discoveredgeneinthenewstudy．B．Itservesasafundamentalpartoflong-distancemigration．C．Itcouldbestrengthenedbythepoweroflong-termmemory．D．Itturnedouttobemorefavoredbybirdsthantheotheranimals．29．Whatisspecialaboutthenewstudy？A．Ithasdiscoveredanewgenomicregionofbirds．B．Ithaspredictedtherateatwhichtheclimatewarms．C．Itanalysesthereasonsforthedecreaseofperegrinefalcons．D．Itencouragesattentiontoenvironmentaleffectsonmigratorybirds．30．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage？A．ResearchersHelpConserveMigratorySpeciesB．BiologistsFindEvidenceofMigrationGeneinBirdsC．HowLong-termMemoryHelpsLong-distanceMigrationD．HowEcologicalFactorsAffectBirds'MigratoryDistancesDOneofthegreatthingsaboutpicturesisthattheymakenodemandsonyou．Youcanlookaslongasyoulikeandwalkawayatanytime．There'safreedominthearrangementthat'sdifferentfromgoingtothemovies,concertsorthetheater．Occasionally,peoplealwayssaytheyfeelintimidatedbyart．Ontheonehand,Igetit．Someintheartworld,wantingtoestablishtheirauthority,fallbackonabstractionstocreateazoneofexclusion．Itcanbeinsufferable．Butontheotherhand,whatfielddoesn'tseeaversionofthisphenomenon？Haveyoutriedunderstandingcellularbiology？Contractlaw？Inmyexperience,thereislessofthiscomplextalkaroundartthanaroundmostotherfields．Artisawidefield．It'sdeep．It'sdiverse．Youcancomeatthesubjectfromcountlessangles．Peopleseemtohavebeenmakingartsincethebeginning,sothesubjectisaninseparablepartofthewholehistoryofhumanity．Soyes,thingscangetcomplicated．But,intheend,we'retalkingaboutpicturesandsculptures．Howhardisittolookatapainting？Howdifficultisittowalkaroundasculpture？Childrengetitimmediately．Theyknowthere'snorightorwrongwhenitcomestolookingatart．Therearejustthingstonotice,totestagainstourimperfectsenseofthetruth,andtofoldintoourvariousconceptionsofbeauty．Thingswenoticemaycausefeelings．Theymayleadtoideas．Theymightequallyprovideareleasefromideas--areleaseintowonder,andintonewkindsofawarenessconnectedtoyourbody,yoursenses,andyourgeneralstateofexistentialconfusion．WhatInoticewillbedifferentfromwhatyounotice．That'showitgoeswithart．Morethanthepoliticaloreconomicconditionsofanygivenera,itisartthatlatergenerationsmostwanttoremember．WerememberPicassoandMatissewithmorelovethanGeneralFranciscoFrancoorMarshallPetain．AndweremembertheBeatlesandFrancisBaconoverthechiefministersofBritaininthe1960s．That'sbecausethearts--andIdefinethetermasbroadlyaspossible--revealthebestofus．It'sbecausetheycombinethemostintelligentandthemostfeelingofus．Theytestify,mostfundamentally,tothefactthatwe'realive,thatpeoplelivedbeforeus,thatasaspecieswe'recapableofmakingthemostextraordinarythings,andthathumanconsciousnessandtheworldbeyonditarenothingshortofastonishing．Againandagain,artexpressesthatastonishment-thatmixtureofwonderanddisappointment,knowingandunknowing,pleasureandpain,joyandfear．31．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"intimidated"inParagraph1probablymean？A．Misled． B．Inspired． C．Frightened． D．Attracted．32．Whatisthemainideaofthefirsttwoparagraphs？A．Artiscomplicatedbuteasy．B．Artisascomplexasotherfields．C．Artisinsufferableduetoitsabstraction．D．Artisaninseparablepartofhumanhistory．33．WhydoestheauthormentionseveralfamouspeopleinParagraph3？A．Toemphasizeartistsaremoreadorable．B．Toillustratethesuperiorpositionofart．C．Toshowartcanspreadinabroaderarea．D．Tocomparepoliticalandartisticfigures．34．Accordingtothepassage,theauthormayagreethat______．A．a(chǎn)bstractconceptscanblockhumans'insightsB．a(chǎn)rtisacombinationofunsettledcontradictionsC．humansshouldtrytoperfecttheirthoughtsofbeautyD．theappealofartliesinitsreflectionofthebestofman第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Inrecentyearstheterm“socialdistancing"hasbeenatthecenterofpublicconversation．Butit'snot“social”distancebutphysicalseparationthatwearetryingtopromote．Preservingsocialties-evenatadistance--isessentialforbothmentalandphysicalhealth．35Moderntechnologyhasprovideduswithmanytools．Notalltoolspromotesocialconnectionequally,however．Andoftensuchseeminglysmallchoicescanmakeabigdifferencebetweenstrengtheningstrongersocialconnectionsandgivingintogrowingsocialdistance．36Whenpeopleoverestimatethecostsorunderestimatethebenefitsofvoice-basedcommunication,itcancreateamisplacedbias（偏見(jiàn)）fortext--basedmedia．Inoneexperiment,wetestedwhetherthemediathroughwhichpeopleinteractaffecttheirsenseofconnection--andhowexpectationsaboutcertaintechnologiesimpactthecommunicationmediatheychoosetouse．Althoughvoice-basedinteractionssuchasphonecalls）canproducestrongerconnections,text-basedmediasuchase-mails）areoftenpreferred．Weaskedparticipantstoconnectwithsomeonethattheyhadn'tinteractedwithrecently,eitherthroughe-mailoroverthephone．37Theygenerallyassumedthatthey'dfeelmoreconnectedwheninteractingoverthephonethanovere-mail．Buttheyalsopredictedthattalkingonthephonecouldbemoreuncomfortablethandashingoffane-mail．Althoughtheseparticipantsbelievedthattalkingencouragedstrongerbonds,mostofthemsaidthey'drathersendane-mailthancallthepersonup．Fearsaboutawkwardnesspushindividualstowardtext-basedmethodsforcommunicating．38Thenwefollowedupwiththemaftertheyhaddoneso．Asexpected,wefoundthatpeopledidformmeaningfullystrongerbondswheninteractingoverthephonethanovere-mail．Moreimportantly,though,therewasnodifferenceintheamountofdiscomfortwhenreconnectingonthephone．Thehumanvoiceappearstoprovidebenefitsforconnection．Ourworksuggeststhatfeelingsofsocialconnectionareapparentlyfacilitatedbyone'svoiceratherthantheirkeyboard．39A．Sothenexttimeyouthinkabouthowbesttoconnect,considercalling．B．Weagainhadparticipantsactuallyconnectusingeithere-mailorphone．C．Participantsfirstpredictedwhatitwouldbeliketogetintouchinthesetwoways．D．Whentheyinteractonthephone,theyfindtheyaremoreconnectedthaninreallife．E．Thosemodesofcommunicationareperfectchoicesatthetimeofphysicaldistancing．F．Thenhowmightwebeststayconnectedtootherswhilemaintainingphysicaldistance？G．Decisionsonhowtoconnecttendtobebasedonexpectationsofpotentialprosandconsoftheinteraction．第三部分書(shū)面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問(wèn)題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。Don'tputyourelbows（肘）onthetable．Thesoupspoonshouldneverbeputintothemouth．Thesearesomeoftheexamplesoftablemanners．Theyshowthewaypeoplebehavewhileeatingameal．Actually,everyfamilyfollowstablemannersinitsownway．Eveninfamilieswherenoonementionselbows,therearealwaysbehaviourstakingeffectwhensharingmeals．Interestingly,differentcultureshavedifferentthoughtsontablemanners--elbowsonthetable,forexample,isveryBritish．Somecountriesthinkburping（打嗝）afteramealisasignthatitwasdelicious．Whileitisimportanttokeepsilentwhileeating