2025年托?？荚囬喿x真題模擬模擬試卷：社會(huì)文化研究考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、選詞填空要求：仔細(xì)閱讀下面的文章，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。做答時(shí)，請(qǐng)注意詞匯的搭配和用法，同時(shí)也要結(jié)合上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，確保所選詞語(yǔ)能夠準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)句意。這部分題目主要考察你的詞匯量和對(duì)語(yǔ)境的理解能力，所以一定要認(rèn)真分析每個(gè)句子，不要憑感覺(jué)隨意選擇。1.Thestudyofhumansocietiesandculturesisknownas_________.Itinvolvesanalyzingvariousaspectsofsociallife,suchascustoms,traditions,andsocialstructures,tounderstandhowpeopleliveandinteractwitheachother.A.anthropologyB.economicsC.psychologyD.politics2.Culturalnormsarethe_________thatguidebehaviorwithinasociety.Theycanbeeitherformalorinformalandareessentialformaintainingsocialorderandcohesion.A.regulationsB.expectationsC.principlesD.guidelines3.Sociologyfocusesonthe_________ofsocialinstitutionsandhowtheyinfluenceindividualbehavior.Itexaminestopicslikefamily,education,andreligiontounderstandthecomplexitiesofhumansociety.A.organizationB.functionC.developmentD.structure4.Inanthropology,theconceptof_________referstothestudyofhowculturesadapttotheirenvironment.Itexploreshowculturalpracticesandbeliefschangeovertimeinresponsetoexternalpressures.A.culturalevolutionB.culturalrelativismC.culturaladaptationD.culturaldiffusion5.Theterm"socialstratification"referstothe_________ofsocietyintodifferentlayersorstratabasedonfactorslikewealth,education,andsocialstatus.Ithighlightstheinequalitiesthatexistwithinasociety.A.classificationB.divisionC.hierarchyD.arrangement6.Asociologistmightuse_________tocollectdataonsocialbehaviorsandattitudes.Thismethodinvolvesobservingpeopleintheirnaturalsettingswithoutinterferingwiththeiractions.A.surveysB.interviewsC.participantobservationD.experiments7.Theideathatallculturesareequallyvalidandshouldbeunderstoodontheirowntermsisknownas_________.Itemphasizestheimportanceofavoidingethnocentrismwhenstudyingdifferentsocieties.A.culturalbiasB.culturalimperialismC.culturalrelativismD.culturalpluralism8.Theprocessbywhichculturaltraitsspreadfromonesocietytoanotheriscalled_________.Itplaysasignificantroleinshapingtheculturallandscapeofmodernsocieties.A.culturalassimilationB.culturaladaptationC.culturaldiffusionD.culturalevolution9.Akeyfigureinthedevelopmentofsociologywas_________,whoseworksonsocialtheoryandmethodologyhavehadalastingimpactonthefield.A.KarlMarxB.MaxWeberC.EmileDurkheimD.SigmundFreud10.Thestudyofhowmediaandtechnologyinfluencesocietyisknownas_________.Itexaminestheroleofcommunicationinshapingsocialnorms,politicalideologies,andculturalpractices.A.mediastudiesB.communicationstudiesC.digitalsociologyD.masscommunication二、閱讀理解要求：閱讀下面的文章，然后根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題。在答題時(shí)，請(qǐng)注意仔細(xì)閱讀文章的每一部分，理解文章的主旨和細(xì)節(jié)，并根據(jù)自己的理解選擇最合適的答案。這部分題目主要考察你的閱讀理解能力和對(duì)文章信息的提取能力，所以一定要認(rèn)真分析每個(gè)問(wèn)題，不要憑感覺(jué)隨意選擇。11.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheprimarypurposeofculturalrelativism?A.Topromoteculturaldiversityandunderstanding.B.Tocriticizethepracticesofothercultures.C.Toestablishauniversalstandardforculturalevaluation.D.Toencourageculturalimperialismanddominance.12.Thepassagementionsthatparticipantobservationisamethodusedbysociologists.Whatisthemainadvantageofthismethod?A.Itallowsresearcherstocollectdatawithoutanyinterference.B.Itprovidesamoreobjectiveviewofsocialbehaviors.C.Itisthemostcost-effectivemethodofdatacollection.D.Itistheonlyreliablemethodforstudyingsocialphenomena.13.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttheroleofculturaldiffusioninmodernsocieties?A.Itleadstothelossofculturalidentityandhomogenization.B.Itpromotesculturalexchangeandinnovation.C.Itisprimarilydrivenbyeconomicinterests.D.Itisanegativeforcethatunderminesculturaldiversity.14.ThepassagediscussestheworkofMaxWeber,akeyfigureinsociology.WhatisoneofWeber'smajorcontributionstothefield?A.Histheoryonsocialstratification.B.Hisconceptofculturalrelativism.C.Hisresearchonparticipantobservation.D.Hisworkonculturaldiffusion.15.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemainfocusofdigitalsociology?A.Thestudyofhowmediaandtechnologyinfluencesociety.B.Theanalysisofsocialbehaviorsindigitalenvironments.C.Theexaminationofculturalpracticesinonlinecommunities.D.Theexplorationoftheeconomicimpactofdigitalmedia.16.Thepassagementionsthatculturalnormsguidebehaviorwithinasociety.Whatisoneexampleofaculturalnormmentionedinthepassage?A.Thepracticeofwearingformalattireinbusinesssettings.B.ThecustomofeatingwithchopsticksinAsiancultures.C.ThetraditionofcelebratingChristmasinWesternsocieties.D.Theexpectationofpunctualityinprofessionalenvironments.17.Thepassagediscussestheconceptofsocialstratification.Whatisonefactormentionedasabasisforsocialstratification?A.Wealthandeconomicstatus.B.Educationalattainment.C.Socialstatusandreputation.D.Alloftheabove.18.Thepassagementionsthatsurveysareamethodusedbysociologiststocollectdata.Whatisoneadvantageofusingsurveys?A.Theyprovidedetailedandin-depthinformation.B.Theyallowresearcherstoobservepeopleintheirnaturalsettings.C.Theyarecost-effectiveandcanreachalargeaudience.D.Theyarethemostreliablemethodforcollectingquantitativedata.19.ThepassagediscussestheworkofEmileDurkheim,anotherkeyfigureinsociology.WhatisoneofDurkheim'smajorcontributionstothefield?A.Histheoryonsocialstratification.B.Hisconceptofculturalrelativism.C.Hisresearchonparticipantobservation.D.Hisworkonthestudyofreligionandsocialcohesion.20.Thepassagementionsthatculturaladaptationreferstohowculturesadapttotheirenvironment.Whatisoneexampleofculturaladaptationmentionedinthepassage?A.Theadoptionofagriculturalpracticesinnomadicsocieties.B.Thedevelopmentofnewtechnologiesintraditionalcommunities.C.Themodificationofculturalpracticesinresponsetoenvironmentalchanges.D.Theintegrationofdifferentculturaltraitsintoasinglesociety.三、句子匹配要求：下面有五個(gè)句子，分別對(duì)應(yīng)文章中的五個(gè)段落。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀每個(gè)句子，然后根據(jù)句子的內(nèi)容和文章的相關(guān)段落，將句子與對(duì)應(yīng)的段落編號(hào)匹配起來(lái)。在答題時(shí)，請(qǐng)注意理解每個(gè)句子的核心意思，并結(jié)合文章的上下文，找到最匹配的段落。這部分題目主要考察你的閱讀理解能力和對(duì)文章結(jié)構(gòu)的把握能力，所以一定要認(rèn)真分析每個(gè)句子，不要憑感覺(jué)隨意選擇。1.Thestudyofhumansocietiesandculturesisknownas_________.Itinvolvesanalyzingvariousaspectsofsociallife,suchascustoms,traditions,andsocialstructures,tounderstandhowpeopleliveandinteractwitheachother.A.Paragraph1B.Paragraph2C.Paragraph3D.Paragraph4E.Paragraph52.Culturalnormsarethe_________thatguidebehaviorwithinasociety.Theycanbeeitherformalorinformalandareessentialformaintainingsocialorderandcohesion.A.Paragraph1B.Paragraph2C.Paragraph3D.Paragraph4E.Paragraph53.Sociologyfocusesonthe_________ofsocialinstitutionsandhowtheyinfluenceindividualbehavior.Itexaminestopicslikefamily,education,andreligiontounderstandthecomplexitiesofhumansociety.A.Paragraph1B.Paragraph2C.Paragraph3D.Paragraph4E.Paragraph54.Inanthropology,theconceptof_________referstothestudyofhowculturesadapttotheirenvironment.Itexploreshowculturalpracticesandbeliefschangeovertimeinresponsetoexternalpressures.A.Paragraph1B.Paragraph2C.Paragraph3D.Paragraph4E.Paragraph55.Theterm"socialstratification"referstothe_________ofsocietyintodifferentlayersorstratabasedonfactorslikewealth,education,andsocialstatus.Ithighlightstheinequalitiesthatexistwithinasociety.A.Paragraph1B.Paragraph2C.Paragraph3D.Paragraph4E.Paragraph5四、判斷題要求：下面有十個(gè)判斷題，每個(gè)題目都是一個(gè)陳述句。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀每個(gè)陳述句，然后根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容，判斷每個(gè)陳述句的真假。在答題時(shí)，請(qǐng)注意理解每個(gè)陳述句的核心意思，并結(jié)合文章的上下文，判斷其是否與文章內(nèi)容一致。這部分題目主要考察你的閱讀理解能力和對(duì)文章信息的提取能力，所以一定要認(rèn)真分析每個(gè)陳述句，不要憑感覺(jué)隨意選擇。1.Culturalrelativismsuggeststhatallculturesareequallyvalidandshouldbeunderstoodontheirownterms.A.TrueB.False2.Participantobservationisamethodusedbysociologiststocollectdataonsocialbehaviorsandattitudes.A.TrueB.False3.Culturaldiffusionistheprocessbywhichculturaltraitsspreadfromonesocietytoanother.A.TrueB.False4.Socialstratificationreferstothedivisionofsocietyintodifferentlayersbasedonfactorslikewealthandeducation.A.TrueB.False5.Surveysareacost-effectivemethodofdatacollectionthatcanreachalargeaudience.A.TrueB.False6.MaxWeberisknownforhistheoryonsocialstratification.A.TrueB.False7.Digitalsociologyfocusesonthestudyofhowmediaandtechnologyinfluencesociety.A.TrueB.False8.Culturalnormsareformalrulesthatguidebehaviorwithinasociety.A.TrueB.False9.EmileDurkheimisknownforhisworkonthestudyofreligionandsocialcohesion.A.TrueB.False10.Culturaladaptationreferstothemodificationofculturalpracticesinresponsetoenvironmentalchanges.A.TrueB.False五、簡(jiǎn)答題要求：下面有五個(gè)簡(jiǎn)答題，每個(gè)問(wèn)題都需要你根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容，用簡(jiǎn)潔的語(yǔ)言回答。在答題時(shí)，請(qǐng)注意理解每個(gè)問(wèn)題的核心意思，并結(jié)合文章的上下文，給出最準(zhǔn)確的答案。這部分題目主要考察你的閱讀理解能力和對(duì)文章信息的提取能力，所以一定要認(rèn)真分析每個(gè)問(wèn)題，不要憑感覺(jué)隨意選擇。1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofculturalrelativism?2.Whatisthemainadvantageofusingparticipantobservationasamethodofdatacollection?3.Howdoesculturaldiffusioninfluencemodernsocieties?4.WhatisoneofMaxWeber'smajorcontributionstothefieldofsociology?5.Whatisthemainfocusofdigitalsociology?本次試卷答案如下一、選詞填空1.A.anthropology解析：文章第一段明確提到“thestudyofhumansocietiesandculturesisknownas_________”，后面列舉了分析社會(huì)生活各個(gè)方面，如習(xí)俗、傳統(tǒng)和社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)等，這些都是人類(lèi)學(xué)的研究范疇。所以這里應(yīng)該填“anthropology”（人類(lèi)學(xué)）。2.B.expectations解析：第二段提到“Culturalnormsarethe_________thatguidebehaviorwithinasociety”，后面提到這些規(guī)范可以是正式或非正式的，對(duì)于維持社會(huì)秩序和凝聚力至關(guān)重要。這里應(yīng)該填“expectations”（期望），因?yàn)槲幕?guī)范就是社會(huì)成員對(duì)于行為舉止的期望。3.B.function解析：第三段講到“Sociologyfocusesonthe_________ofsocialinstitutionsandhowtheyinfluenceindividualbehavior”，后面提到了家庭、教育和宗教等社會(huì)制度。這里應(yīng)該填“function”（功能），因?yàn)樯鐣?huì)學(xué)關(guān)注的是這些社會(huì)制度的功能及其對(duì)個(gè)體行為的影響。4.C.culturaladaptation解析：第四段提到“Inanthropology,theconceptof_________referstothestudyofhowculturesadapttotheirenvironment”，后面解釋了文化實(shí)踐和信仰如何隨時(shí)間改變以應(yīng)對(duì)外部壓力。所以這里應(yīng)該填“culturaladaptation”（文化適應(yīng)）。5.C.hierarchy解析：第五段提到“Theterm'socialstratification'referstothe_________ofsocietyintodifferentlayersorstratabasedonfactorslikewealth,education,andsocialstatus”，強(qiáng)調(diào)社會(huì)中存在的inequalities（不平等）。這里應(yīng)該填“hierarchy”（等級(jí)制度），因?yàn)樯鐣?huì)分層就是社會(huì)根據(jù)財(cái)富、教育和地位等因素分為不同層次的等級(jí)制度。6.C.participantobservation解析：第六段提到“Asociologistmightuse_________tocollectdataonsocialbehaviorsandattitudes”，后面解釋了這種方法是在人們自然環(huán)境中觀察而不干涉。所以這里應(yīng)該填“participantobservation”（參與式觀察）。7.C.culturalrelativism解析：第七段提到“Theideathatallculturesareequallyvalidandshouldbeunderstoodontheirowntermsisknownas_________”，強(qiáng)調(diào)理解不同社會(huì)時(shí)避免ethnocentrism（民族中心主義）。這里應(yīng)該填“culturalrelativism”（文化相對(duì)主義）。8.C.culturaldiffusion解析：第八段提到“Theprocessbywhichculturaltraitsspreadfromonesocietytoanotheriscalled_________”，提到這種過(guò)程在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)文化景觀中起重要作用。所以這里應(yīng)該填“culturaldiffusion”（文化擴(kuò)散）。9.B.MaxWeber解析：第九段提到“Akeyfigureinthedevelopmentofsociologywas_________,whoseworksonsocialtheoryandmethodologyhavehadalastingimpactonthefield”，后面沒(méi)有具體提到其他人物，而MaxWeber（馬克斯·韋伯）是社會(huì)學(xué)理論和方法論的重要人物。所以這里應(yīng)該填“MaxWeber”。10.B.communicationstudies解析：第十段提到“Thestudyofhowmediaandtechnologyinfluencesocietyisknownas_________”，后面提到了溝通在塑造社會(huì)規(guī)范、政治意識(shí)形態(tài)和文化實(shí)踐中的作用。所以這里應(yīng)該填“communicationstudies”（傳播研究）。二、閱讀理解11.A.Topromoteculturaldiversityandunderstanding.解析：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，文化相對(duì)主義的目的是讓不同文化之間能夠相互理解和尊重，而不是批評(píng)其他文化或者建立統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。所以正確答案是“topromoteculturaldiversityandunderstanding”（促進(jìn)文化多樣性和理解）。12.A.Itallowsresearcherstocollectdatawithoutanyinterference.解析：文章提到參與式觀察法可以讓研究人員在不干涉的情況下收集數(shù)據(jù)，這是這種方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。所以正確答案是“itallowsresearcherstocollectdatawithoutanyinterference”（它允許研究人員在不干涉的情況下收集數(shù)據(jù)）。13.B.Itpromotesculturalexchangeandinnovation.解析：文章提到文化擴(kuò)散是文化特征從一個(gè)社會(huì)傳播到另一個(gè)社會(huì)的過(guò)程，這在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中起到了促進(jìn)文化交流和創(chuàng)新的作用。所以正確答案是“itpromotesculturalexchangeandinnovation”（它促進(jìn)了文化交流和創(chuàng)新）。14.A.Histheoryonsocialstratification.解析：文章提到MaxWeber（馬克斯·韋伯）是社會(huì)學(xué)的重要人物，后面提到了社會(huì)分層、社會(huì)制度等，這些都是韋伯理論的重要組成部分。所以正確答案是“histheoryonsocialstratification”（他的社會(huì)分層理論）。15.A.Thestudyofhowmediaandtechnologyinfluencesociety.解析：文章提到數(shù)字社會(huì)學(xué)是研究媒體和技術(shù)如何影響社會(huì)，后面也提到了溝通在塑造社會(huì)中的作用。所以正確答案是“thestudyofhowmediaandtechnologyinfluencesociety”（研究媒體和技術(shù)如何影響社會(huì)）。16.A.Thepracticeofwearingformalattireinbusinesssettings.解析：文章提到文化規(guī)范是指導(dǎo)社會(huì)行為的東西，可以是正式或非正式的，對(duì)于維持社會(huì)秩序和凝聚力至關(guān)重要。所以這里應(yīng)該填“thepracticeofwearingformalattireinbusinesssettings”（在商業(yè)場(chǎng)合穿著正式服裝的習(xí)俗）。17.D.Alloftheabove.解析：文章提到社會(huì)分層是根據(jù)財(cái)富、教育和地位等因素將社會(huì)分為不同層次，這些都是社會(huì)分層的因素。所以正確答案是“Alloftheabove”（以上所有選項(xiàng)）。18.C.Theyarecost-effectiveandcanreachalargeaudience.解析：文章提到調(diào)查是一種收集數(shù)據(jù)的方法，后面沒(méi)有具體提到其他優(yōu)點(diǎn)，而調(diào)查通常是成本效益高且可以覆蓋大量受眾的。所以這里應(yīng)該填“theyarecost-effectiveandcanreachalargeaudience”（它們具有成本效益并且可以覆蓋大量受眾）。19.D.Hisworkonthestudyofreligionandsocialcohesion.解析：文章提到EmileDurkheim（埃米爾·涂爾干）是社會(huì)學(xué)的重要人物，后面提到了宗教和社會(huì)凝聚力，這些都是涂爾干的研究領(lǐng)域。所以正確答案是“hisworkonthestudyofreligionandsocialcohesion”（他對(duì)宗教和社會(huì)凝聚力研究的工作）。20.C.Themodificationofculturalpracticesinresponsetoenvironmentalchanges.解析：文章提到文化適應(yīng)是指文化如何適應(yīng)環(huán)境，后面解釋了文化實(shí)踐和信仰如何隨時(shí)間改變以應(yīng)對(duì)外部壓力。所以正確答案是“themodificationofculturalpracticesinresponsetoenvironmentalchanges”（文化實(shí)踐對(duì)環(huán)境變化的調(diào)整）。三、句子匹配1.A.Paragraph1解析：第一句提到“thestudyofhumansocietiesandculturesisknownas_________”，這與第一段的主題“人類(lèi)學(xué)是研究人類(lèi)社會(huì)和文化的學(xué)科”一致。所以這里應(yīng)該匹配“Paragraph1”（第一段）。2.B.Paragraph2解析：第二句提到“Culturalnormsarethe_________thatguidebehaviorwithinasociety”，這與第二段的主題“文化規(guī)范是指導(dǎo)社會(huì)行為的東西”一致。所以這里應(yīng)該匹配“Paragraph2”（第二段）。3.C.Paragraph3解析：第三句提到“Sociologyfocusesonthe_________ofsocialinstitutionsandhowtheyinfluenceindividualbehavior”，這與第三段的主題“社會(huì)學(xué)關(guān)注社會(huì)制度的功能及其對(duì)個(gè)體行為的影響”一致。所以這里應(yīng)該匹配“Paragraph3”（第三段）。4.D.Paragraph4解析：第四句提到“Inanthropology,theconceptof_________referstothestudyofhowculturesadapttotheirenvironment”，這與第四段的主題“文化適應(yīng)是指文化如何適應(yīng)環(huán)境”一致。所以這里應(yīng)該匹配“Paragraph4”（第四段）。5.E.Paragraph5解析：第五句提到“Theterm'socialstratification'referstothe_________ofsocietyintodifferentlayersorstratabasedonfactorslikewealth,education,andsocialstatus”，這與第五段的主題“社會(huì)分層是根據(jù)財(cái)富、教育和地位等因素將社會(huì)分為不同層次”一致。所以這里應(yīng)該匹配“Paragraph5”（第五段）。四、判斷題1.A.True解析：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，文化相對(duì)主義的目的是讓不同文化之間能夠相互理解和尊重，這與第一句“Culturalrelativismsuggeststhatallculturesareequallyvalidandshouldbeunderstoodontheirownterms”一致。所以答案是“True”（正確）。2.A.True解析：文章提到參與式觀察是一種收集數(shù)據(jù)的方法，這與第二句“Participantobservationisamethodusedbysociologiststocollectdataonsocialbehaviorsandattitudes”一致。所以答案是“True”（正確）。3.A.True解析：文章提到文化擴(kuò)散是文化特征從一個(gè)社會(huì)傳播到另一個(gè)社會(huì)的過(guò)程，這與第三句“Culturaldiffusionistheprocessbywhichculturaltraitsspreadfromonesocietytoanother”一致。所以答案是“True”（正確）。4.A.True解析：文章提到社會(huì)分層是根據(jù)財(cái)富、教育和地位等因素將社會(huì)分為不同層次，這與第四句“Socialstratificationreferstothedivisionofsocietyintodifferentlayersbasedonfactorslikewealthandeducation”一致。所以答案是“True”（正確）。5.A.True解析：文章提到調(diào)查是一種成本效益高且可以覆蓋大量受眾的收集數(shù)據(jù)的方法，這與第五句“Surveysareacost-effectivemethodofdatacollectionthatcanreachalargeaudience”一致。所以答案是“True”（正確）。6.A.True解析：文章提到MaxWeber（馬克斯·韋伯）是社會(huì)學(xué)的重要人物