牛津譯林版高中英語選擇性必修四課件Unit2UnderstandingeachotherReading19Effectivecommunication◆內(nèi)容分析

【W(wǎng)hat】本板塊的話題為“有效溝通”，以講座文稿的形式闡述了溝通的實質(zhì)是信息在發(fā)出者和接收者之間往復(fù)編碼、解碼的過程，并重點論述了實現(xiàn)有效溝通必須考慮的三個要素：交流對象、肢體語言和共情能力。作者在開頭以一個簡單生動的例子引出話題，結(jié)尾時也以簡練的語言指出有效溝通能化解分歧、建立信任、贏得尊重，號召讀者積極實踐有效溝通?！網(wǎng)hy】本文通過對溝通實質(zhì)的闡述和實現(xiàn)有效溝通關(guān)鍵要素的分析，旨在幫助我們充分認識溝通的本質(zhì)，提升與人溝通交流的能力，并培養(yǎng)我們主動理解他人的意識，在實際生活中構(gòu)建和諧良好的人際關(guān)系，成長為積極高效的溝通者。【How】本文的語篇類型為講座文稿，文章脈絡(luò)清楚，邏輯嚴(yán)謹。全文為“總—分—總”結(jié)構(gòu)，各段落之間銜接緊密，過渡自然，行文連貫。在結(jié)構(gòu)層面，作者多次利用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)和連接詞等手段將段與段之間進行有機結(jié)合；在詞匯層面，作者巧妙運用習(xí)語增強表達效果，如putyourselfintheirshoes；此外，還運用了多種副詞進行強調(diào)、豐富內(nèi)涵；在修辭層面，作者多次運用舉例的手法激發(fā)興趣、解釋觀點，便于讀者理解和掌握?！?教學(xué)目標(biāo)Bytheendofthissection,wewillbeableto:1.explaintheprocessofcommunication;2.summarizethekeystoeffectivecommunication;3.introduceatopicaboutcommunicationbygivingexamples;4.applytheskillsofeffectivecommunicationindailylife.

Everytimewesendanemail,leaveamessageorhaveaconversationwithsomebody,wearecommunicating.However,arewedoingiteffectively?Thelecturetranscriptbelowisabouteffectivecommunication.Beforeyoureadthetranscript,thinkaboutthefollowingquestions:

1)Doyouthinkyouareaneffectivecommunicator?Whyorwhynot?

Yes,IthinkIamagoodcommunicatorbecauseIamanactivelistener.IaskquestionstoshowIaminterestedinwhattheotherpersonistalkingabout.Ialsopayattentiontonon-verbalcues,likebodylanguage.Thesecuesletmeknowhowtheotherpersonfeels,andIcanrespondappropriatelytoshowthemthatIamengagedintheconversation.com·mu·ni·ca·tor

/k??mju?n?ke?t?(r)/溝通的人；交流者cue

(forsth)/(todosth)/kju?/暗示；提示；信號No,IdonotthinkIamgoodatcommunicating.IamshyandoftenfeelthatIhavenothinginterestingtosay.Iusuallyonlyfeelcomfortabletalkingtomyfamilyandclosefriends,buteventhen,Ijustletthemdomostofthetalking.Idon’tliketolookatpeople’seyeswhentheyaretalkingtome,soIsupposeIoftenmissoutonalotofnon-verbalcues.missout(onsth)錯失獲利（或取樂等）的機會2)Howdoyouthinkyoucouldsharpenyourcommunicationskills?sharpen(sth)(up)（使）提高，改善,=improve

Icansharpenmycommunicationskillsbyfollowingsomebasictips.First,Ishouldbeclearwhenexpressingmyideas,sothatpeopleunderstandmewithoutconfusion.Second,Imustpractiselisteningskills,becausebeingagoodlistenerispartofbeingagoodcommunicator.con·fu·sion

/k?n?fju??n/不確定；困惑;困窘；尷尬；局促不安Iwilltrytoavoidinterruptingordistractingmyselfwithotherthings.Third,Ishouldappearconfidentwhentalkingtoothers,evenifIdon’tactuallyfeelso.Peoplearemorewillingtopayattentiontoaconfidentspeaker,andthiswillinturnboostmyconfidenceandenhancemycommunicationability.dis·tract

sb/sth(fromsth)/d??str?kt/轉(zhuǎn)移（注意力）；分散（思想）；使分心boost增強(信心、士氣)EffectivecommunicationIfyouheardsomeoneshout“Heyyou!”fromacrosstheroom,howwouldyoureact?Justthesetwowordscancarryalotofinformation.Theycouldbeinterpretedasawelcominggreetingfromaclosefriend,especiallyifaccompaniedbyagentlesmile.如果你聽到有人在房間另一頭喊“嘿，朋友！”，你會有什么反應(yīng)？僅僅這兩個詞就能承載很多信息。它們可以解讀成來自一位好朋友的歡迎問候，尤其是伴隨著溫柔的微笑時。carry貼有（標(biāo)簽）；附有（信息）;承載wel·com·ing/?welk?m??/(人)(對來訪或到達的人)歡迎的,熱情的,友好的;(地方)令人感到愜意的;舒適的ac·com·pany

/??k?mp?ni/伴隨；與…同時發(fā)生Whenspokenbyastranger,theycanfunctionasameansofattractingyourattention.△Muchofwhatwecommunicateisdependentnotonlyonthewordsweuse,butalsoonhowweusethem.So,let’slookalittledeeperintothetopicofcommunication.

當(dāng)一個陌生人這樣說時，這句話可以當(dāng)作吸引你注意力的一種方式。我們溝通的許多內(nèi)容不僅取決于我們所使用的詞語，還取決于我們?nèi)绾芜\用它們。因此，讓我們更深入地了解一下溝通這個話題。functionassb/sth起…作用；具有…功能dependenton/uponsth受…的影響；取決于Communicationistheprocessofexchanginginformationbetweenasenderandareceiver.Thesenderencodesamessageandsendsitfacetoface,orthroughvideo,telephone,mailorsocialmedia.Thismessageisthenreceivedanddecodedbythereceiver.溝通是一位發(fā)送者和一位接收者之間交換信息的過程。發(fā)送者對一條信息進行編碼然后當(dāng)面發(fā)送出去，或是通過視頻、電話、郵件或社交媒體。這條信息隨后被接收者收到并解碼。send·er

/?send?(r)/發(fā)送人；郵寄人re·ceiver/r??si?v?(r)/接收者;聽筒；受話器;無線電接收機facetoface(withsb)（與某人）面對面

Inresponse,thereceiversendsanencodedmessageback,whichisreferredtoasfeedback.Thisfeedbackisdecodedbytheoriginalsenderandtheentirecyclerepeatsitselfuntiltheyhavefinishedcommunicating.作為回應(yīng)，接收者再發(fā)回一條編碼信息，這就是所謂的反饋。這條反饋再被原先的發(fā)送者解碼，然后整個過程不斷循環(huán)往復(fù)，直到他們完成溝通。refertosth.as...把...稱為...cycle

/?sa?kl/循環(huán);整套,整個系列(如機器的運轉(zhuǎn));自行車;摩托車repeat(itself)重復(fù)發(fā)生；再次發(fā)生Thiscommunicationprocesscanbechallengingbut,withpracticeandpatience,youcanbecomeahighlycompetentcommunicator.Toaccomplishthis,youneedtoknowwithwhomyouarecommunicating.Whatistheirageorposition?Whatistheirrelationshipwithyou?Whatexpectationsandculturalbackgroundsdotheyhave?com·pe·tent

/?k?mp?t?nt/足以勝任的;有能力的;稱職的com·mu·ni·cate

(withsb)/k??mju?n?ke?t/（與某人）交流（信息或消息、意見等）；溝通Onceyouhaveobtainedthisinformation,youcanuseittodeterminehowbesttocommunicatewiththem.Dependingonwhetheryouarecommunicatingwithastranger,friend,familymemberorco-worker,youwillneedtodecidewhichcommunicationchannelbestsuitsthesituation.一旦獲得了這些信息，你就可以據(jù)此決定如何最好地與他們溝通。根據(jù)你是否在跟一位陌生人、朋友、家人或者同事在溝通，你將需要決定哪種溝通渠道最適合當(dāng)下的情況。dependingon:accordingto視乎；決定于co-worker共同工作者；合作者；同事；同僚

Furthermore,youwillneedtodeterminetheappropriatestyletouseandhowcomplexyourchoiceofwordsshouldbe.Forexample,ifyouareabusinesspersonnegotiatingwithalargeenterpriseaboutadeal,youshoulddoitfacetoface,usingformallanguageinastraightforwardmanner.此外，你還要決定使用何種恰當(dāng)?shù)娘L(fēng)格，以及選詞應(yīng)該有多復(fù)雜。例如，如果你是一名商務(wù)人士，正在與一家大型企業(yè)洽談一筆交易，你應(yīng)該面對面地、用正式的語言并以直截了當(dāng)?shù)姆绞竭M行溝通。ne·go·ti·ate

(withsb)(for/aboutsth)/n??ɡ???ie?t/談判；磋商；協(xié)商deal

/di?l/協(xié)議；（尤指）交易Yourbodylanguageisequallyimportant,sinceitrevealsalotaboutyourthoughtsandattitudes.Makesureitclearlysupportsthemessageyouwanttodeliver.△Asmileshowsyouareattentive

totheissuesbeingdiscussed,whilelookingawaywithyourarmsfoldedcanindicatedisinterestandcreatedistrustorfriction.微笑表明你對正在討論的問題很關(guān)注，而雙臂交叉、看向別處則會表示你不感興趣，這樣會造成不信任或引起摩擦。at·ten·tive/??tent?v/注意的；專心的；留心的;~(tosb/sth)關(guān)心的；肯幫忙的away去別處；朝另一個方向dis·in·ter·est

(insth)/d?s??ntr?st/無興趣；不關(guān)心；冷漠dis·trust

(ofsb/sth)/d?s?tr?st/不信任；懷疑Additionally,youshouldnotignoretheotherperson’sbodylanguage,whichwillgiveyoucluesastowhethertheconversationisgoingwellornot.Whenyounoticeachangeintheotherperson’sbodylanguage,youshouldadjusthowyouarecommunicatingaccordingly.此外，你不應(yīng)該忽視對方的肢體語言，它會為你提供線索，告訴你談話進行得順利與否。當(dāng)你注意到對方的肢體語言產(chǎn)生變化時，你應(yīng)該相應(yīng)地調(diào)整你的溝通方式。clue

(tosth)/klu?/（幫助警方破案的）線索，跡象;（問題答案的）線索，提示ac·cord·ing·ly/??k??d??li/照著；相應(yīng)地;因此；所以

Ifsomeonelooksatyouwithaconfusedexpression,thiscouldindicatethattheyhavenotcompletelyunderstoodyourpoint.Thenyouwillneedtoclarifyyourmessagebeforemovingon.

△Whilebeingknowledgeableaboutbodylanguageisvital,thevalueofempathyshouldnotbeunderstated.moveon(tosth)開始做（別的事）；換話題know·ledge·able(aboutsth)

/?n?l?d??bl/博學(xué)的；有見識的；知識淵博的,=wellinformedunder·state

/??nd??ste?t/vt.輕描淡寫；避重就輕地說under·stated/??nd??ste?t?d/淡雅的;素雅的;柔和的;不過分的Supposeyouarediscussingaprojectwithyourpartner,whohasjustlostanimportantbasketballgameandisinactive.Toengagehimorherinthediscussionandmakeyourcommunicationmoreeffective,youmayexpressyoursympathyby,forinstance,saying,“Iunderstandhowyoufeel...”However,someissuesmaybecomplicatedandyoumaybeconfusedaboutwhyothersfeelthewaytheydo.in·active

/?n??kt?v/無行動的；不活動的；不活躍的;未使用的；不運轉(zhuǎn)的;無作用的；無效的engagesb.insth.（使）從事，參加

△Onlywhenyougiveseriousconsiderationtotheirpointsofviewwillyoubeabletoseewhataccountsfortheiremotionsandempathizewiththem.Youmaynotapproveoftheirideasbutatleastyouwillseewheretheyarecomingfrom,whichmeansyoucanmakeadjustmentstoyourowntoneandchoiceofwordsaccordingly.

只有當(dāng)你認真考慮他們的想法時才能了解他們?yōu)槭裁从羞@樣的情緒，并與他們產(chǎn)生共鳴。你可能不贊同他們的觀點，但至少你會明白這些觀點是從何而來，這意味著你可以相應(yīng)地調(diào)整自己的語氣和用詞。accountfor導(dǎo)致;解釋;(數(shù)量、比例上)占;對…負責(zé);列入預(yù)算em·pa·thize(withsb/sth)

/?emp?θa?z/有同感;產(chǎn)生共鳴;表同情Effectivecommunicationwillenableyoutosettledifferencesanddisagreementsappropriatelyandimproveyourinteractionswithothers.△Goodcommunicationskillswillalsohelpyoubuildtrustandgainrespect,allowingrelationshipstobecomemorepositiveandproductive.So,getpractisingandgoodluck!有效溝通會讓你妥善處理不同意見和分歧，改善與他人的互動。良好的溝通技巧也會幫助你建立信任、贏得尊重，讓人際關(guān)系變得更加積極且富有成效。所以，開始練習(xí)吧，祝你好運！set·tle

/?setl/結(jié)束(爭論、爭端等);解決(分歧、糾紛等)dif·fer·ence意見分歧；不和pro·duct·ive/pr??d?kt?v/adj.

有效益的；富有成效的A.UnderstandingthetextPage18A1.Readthelecturetranscriptandcompletethechartbelowwiththemainideaofeachparagraph.

Para.2:Messagesareencodedbythesenderanddecodedbythereceiverandthecycleisrepeateduntilthecommunicationends.

Para.3:Youneedtoknowwithwhomyouarecommunicatinganddeterminewhatcommunicationchannelandstyletouse.

Para.4:Yourbodylanguageshouldsupportyourmessage,andyoushouldtakenoteoftheotherperson’sbodylanguagesothatyouknowhowtheconversationisgoing.

Para.5:Putyourselfintheotherperson’sshoesandadjustyourcommunicationtoshowyouunderstandtheirpointsofview.A2.Readthelecturetranscriptagaincarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Whatiscommunication?

2.Whatinformationcanhelpyoudeterminehowbesttocommunicatewithothers?

Communicationistheprocessofexchanginginformationbetweenasenderandareceiver.

Weneedtoknowwithwhomwearecommunicating:theirageorposition,theirrelationshipwithyou,theirexpectationsandculturalbackgrounds.3.Whyshouldyoupayattentiontotheotherperson’sbodylanguage?

4.Howcanyouseektounderstandtheotherperson’semotions?

Itwillgiveuscluesastowhethertheconversationisgoingwellornot.

Wecanseektounderstandtheotherperson’semotionsbyputtingourselvesintheirshoesandlookingatthesituationfromtheirperspective.Incomplicatedcases,weneedtogiveseriousconsiderationtotheirpointsofview.

A3.Inpairs,discussthefollowingquestions.1.Howcanweapplytheideasmentionedinthelecturetranscripttocross-culturalcommunication?Givesomeexamples.

It’simportanttolearnaboutanotherperson’sculturalbackgroundwhencommunicating.Youshouldfindoutaboutanycommunicationnormsrelatedtoage,jobandsoon,becausetheymaydifferfromculturetoculture.Forexample,certainculturesoftenhavevaryingwaysofaddressingolderpeople,orsomeonewhoholdsahigherpositioninanorganization.norms[pl.]規(guī)范；行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)address向…說話；稱呼（某人）Bodylanguagerevealsalotaboutyou:yourculture,thoughtsandattitudes.Forexample,ifyouusesteadyeyecontactduringcommunicationtoshowthatyouareattentive,sometimestheotherpersonmayconsideritasdisrespectfulandwillfeeluncomfortable.Forthisreason,cuesthatmaycauseconfusionshouldbeavoidedandimitatingtheother’sbodylanguagecouldpreventanyoffence.eyecontact目光接觸;對視disrespectful/?d?sr??sp?ktf?l/無禮的imi·tate/??m?te?t/模仿；仿效

Besides,youshouldnotonlybeawareofthedifferencesinbodylanguageintheotherperson’sculture,butalsoensurethatyourownbodylanguageisnotmisinterpreted.Thevalueofempathyshouldnotbeunderstatedtoo.Itcanbridgethegapbecauseeventhoughwemaybedifferent,humansgenerallyexpressthesameemotions.misinterpret/?m?s?n?t??pr?t/誤解bridgethegap/divide(betweenAandB)消除（甲、乙間的）隔閡/分歧So,ifweareinteractingwithaforeigner,wewillstilleasilynoticeiftheyare,forexample,happyorsad.Wecanthenadjustourownbodylanguagetoshowthemhowwefeelabouttheiremotions.Wecouldsmiletosharetheirhappinessorgentlywrinkleourbrowstoshowconcern.2.Whatothersuggestionscanyougiveonhowtobecomeaneffectivecommunicator?

Wecanbecomeeffectivecommunicatorsbyunderstandingandrespectingotherpeople’sopinionswhileexpressingourowninanopenandhonestway.Effectivecommunicatorsfocusonexpressingtheiropinionsinanappropriateway,ratherthanwinninganargumentorforcingtheiropinionsonothers.forcesb/sthon/uponsb強迫接受；把…強加給Anotherwaytobecomeeffectivecommunicatorsistogetmorepractice.Practicemakesperfect.Whetherwepractisealoneorseekoutmoreconversationopportunities,regularlyspeakingwillmagnifyourcommunicationstrengthsandweaknessesandallowgreatcommunicationhabitstodevelop.seeksb./sth.out挑選出；物色mag·nify

/?m?ɡn?fa?/擴大；增強;放大;夸大（重要性或嚴(yán)重性）；夸張B.BuildingyourlanguagePage19B1.Thepassagebelowisabouttheartoflistening.Completethepassagewiththecorrectformsofthewordsandphrasesintheboxbelow.tonefeedbackobtainapproveofclarifyreactgentleaccountforActivelisteningisanimportantskillforgoodcommunication.Tomasterit,youcanmakeeffortsintwoaspects:observingand(1)

________.reactingIncommunication,amessageissentoutnotonlythroughthespeaker’swordsand(2)

______,butalsothroughhisorherfacialexpressionsandgestures.Keepinmindthatbodylanguageplaysahugeroleincommunicationbecauseit(3)

____________over50percentofcommunication.Lookingatthespeakerandrecognizinghisorherfacialexpressionsandgesturesallowyouto(4)

_______amoreaccurateunderstandingofwhatthespeakeristryingtosay.tonesaccountsforobtainTounderstandwhatthespeakercommunicates,youshoulddosomereflectingorprovide(5)

_________.Thephysicalsignsthatyouhaveobservedinthespeakershouldbereflectedinyourownbody.Positivebodylanguagecanhelpgivethespeakeragoodimpression,forexample,a(6)

_______smile,aslightnodandeyecontact.Youcanalsorepeatwhathasbeensaid.com·mu·ni·cate/k??mju?n?ke?t/傳達，傳遞(想法、感情、思想等)feedbackgentleThisletsthespeakerknowthatyouunderstandpreciselywhatheorshehassaidanditallowsthespeakerto(7)

______apointifthereisanyconfusion.Moreimportantly,whetheryou(8)

___________thespeaker’swordsornot,youneedtobehonestinyourresponse.Whenyoulistenactively,youdevelopaconnectionbetweenyourselfandthespeaker.Itthusmakesyourcommunicationmoreeffective.pre·cise·ly/pr??sa?sli/準(zhǔn)確地；恰好地clarifyapproveofB2.“Communicate”and“communication”appearinthelecturetranscriptaspartofdifferentcollocations.Readtheexamplesbelowandaddmorecollocations.col·lo·ca·tion/?k?l??ke??n/詞組；組合;（詞語的）搭配，組配communicate:

communicate+adv.:communicateclearly;communicatedirectly;communicateverbally;communicateopenlyver·bal·ly/?v??b?li/adv.

口頭上（而非書面或行動上）open·ly/???p?nli/adv.

公開地；毫不隱瞞地

communicate+