對外經(jīng)貿(mào)會計課件專業(yè)英語演示文稿第1頁，共35頁。優(yōu)選對外經(jīng)貿(mào)會計課件專業(yè)英語第2頁，共35頁。Limitedpersonalliabilityforstockholders.Transferabilityofownership.Professionalmanagement.Continuityofexistence.AdvantagesofIncorporation第3頁，共35頁。Heavytaxation.Greaterregulation.Costofformation.Separationofownershipandmanagement.DisadvantagesofIncorporation第4頁，共35頁。PubliclyOwnedCorporationsFaceDifferentRules

ByLAW,publiclyownedcorporationsmust:PreparefinancialstatementsinaccordancewithGAAP.HavetheirfinancialstatementauditedbyanindependentCPA.Complywithfederalsecuritieslaws.SubmitfinancialinformationforSECreview.第5頁，共35頁。Thecostsassociatedwithincorporationareusuallyexpensedimmediately,butamortizedover5yearsfortaxpurposes.FormationofaCorporationEachcorporationisformedaccordingtothelawsofthestatewhereitislocated.TheapplicationforcorporatestatusiscalledtheArticlesofIncorporation.第6頁，共35頁。StockholdersRights

Voting(inpersonorbyproxy).

Proportionatedistributionofdividends.

Proportionatedistributionofassetsinaliquidation.RightsofStockholders第7頁，共35頁。UltimatecontrolStockholdersusuallymeetonceayear.RightsofStockholders第8頁，共35頁。UltimatecontrolStockholdersusuallymeetonceayear.Stockholderledgersareoftenmaintainedbyastocktransferagentorstockregistrar.RightsofStockholders第9頁，共35頁。Eachunitofownershipiscalledashareofstock.Astockcertificateservesasproofthatastockholderhaspurchasedshares.RightsofStockholders第10頁，共35頁。Whenthestockissold,thestockholdersignsatransferendorsementonthebackofthestockcertificate.RightsofStockholders第11頁，共35頁。Overallresponsibilityformanagingthecompany.SelectedbyavoteofthestockholdersFunctionsoftheBoardofDirectors第12頁，共35頁。ChiefAccountantContractualandlegalrepresentationCustodianoffundsFunctionsoftheCorporateOfficers第13頁，共35頁。Stockholders’EquityofaCorporation第14頁，共35頁。Themaximumnumberofsharesofcapitalstockthatcanbesoldtothepublic.AuthorizedSharesAuthorizationandIssuance

ofCapitalStock第15頁，共35頁。Issuedsharesareauthorizedsharesofstockthathavebeensold.Unissuedsharesareauthorizedsharesofstockthatneverhavebeensold.Usuallysharesaresoldthroughanunderwriter.AuthorizedSharesAuthorizationandIssuance

ofCapitalStock第16頁，共35頁。UnissuedSharesTreasurySharesOutstandingSharesTreasurysharesareissuedsharesthathavebeenreacquiredbythecorporation.IssuedSharesOutstandingsharesareissuedsharesthatareownedbystockholders.AuthorizedSharesAuthorizationandIssuance

ofCapitalStock第17頁，共35頁。Parvalueisanarbitraryamountassignedtoeachshareofstockwhenitisauthorized.Marketpriceistheamountthateachshareofstockwillsellforinthemarket.Stockholders’Equity第18頁，共35頁。Commonstockcanbeissuedinthreeforms:No-ParCommonStockParValueCommonStockStatedValueCommonStockLet’sexaminethisformofstock.AllproceedscreditedtoCommonStockTreatedlikeparvaluecommonstockStockholders’Equity第19頁，共35頁。Preparethejournalentrytorecordanissuanceof10,000sharesof$2parvaluestockfor$25persharewhichoccurredonSeptember1,2005.Record:Thecashreceived.Thenumberofsharesissued×theparvaluepershareintheCommonStock

account.TheremainderisassignedtoContributedCapitalinExcessofPar.IssuanceofParValueStock第20頁，共35頁。Thejournalentrytorecordanissuanceof10,000sharesof$2parvaluestockfor$25pershareonSeptember1,2005,shouldincludeacredittocommonstockfortheparvalueofthesharesissued.IssuanceofParValueStock第21頁，共35頁。IssuanceofParValueStock第22頁，共35頁。Aseparateclassofstock,typicallyhavingpriorityovercommonsharesin...Dividenddistributions(rateisusuallystated).Distributionofassetsincaseofliquidation.Cumulativedividendrights.Normallyhasnovotingrights.Usuallycallablebythecompany.OtherFeaturesInclude:PreferredStock第23頁，共35頁。Vs.NoncumulativeCumulativeDividendsinarrearsmustbepaidbeforedividendsmaybepaidoncommonstock.Undeclareddividendsfromcurrentandprioryearsdonothavetobepaidinfutureyears.CumulativePreferredStock第24頁，共35頁。Example:ConsiderthefollowingpartialStatementofStockholders’Equity.During2004,thedirectorsdeclarecashdividendsof$5,000.Inyear2005,thedirectorsdeclarecashdividendsof$42,000.StockPreferredastoDividends第25頁，共35頁。Example:ConsiderthefollowingpartialStatementofStockholders’Equity.During2000,thedirectorsdeclarecashdividendsof$5,000.Inyear2001,thedirectorsdeclarecashdividendsof$42,000.StockPreferredastoDividends第26頁，共35頁。Ijustconverted100sharesofpreferredstockinto1,000sharesofcommonstockandendedupwithahigherdividendyield!Gee,Ican’tdothatwithMYpreferredstock!Somepreferredstockisconvertibleintosharesofcommonstock.OtherFeaturesofPreferredStock第27頁，共35頁。PreferredStock第28頁，共35頁。Ilovethisstuff!Canwedosomemore?第29頁，共35頁。Accountingbytheissuer.Accountingbytheinvestor.Commonstockiscarriedatoriginalissueprice.Investmentsinmarketablesecuritiesarecarriedatmarketvalue.MarketValue第30頁，共35頁。

Factorsaffectingmarket

priceofpreferredstock:DividendrateRiskLevelofinterestratesThereturnbasedonthemarketvalueiscalledthe“dividendyield.”MarketPriceofPreferredStock第31頁，共35頁。

Factorsaffectingmarketpriceofcommonstock:Investors’expectationsof