英語閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)練習(xí)題含答案含解析一、高中英語閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類1．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Ateamofinternationalscientistsisduetosetofffortheworld'sbiggesticeberginamissionaimingtoanswerfundamentalquestionsabouttheimpactofclimatechangeinthepolarregions.Thescientists,ledbytheBritishAntarcticSurvey(BAS),aretryingtoreachanewlyrevealedecosystemthathadbeenhiddenfor120,000yearsbelowtheLarsenCiceshelf.

Lastyear,partoftheLarsenCiceshelfcalved(崩解)away,formingahugeiceberg-A68—whichisfourtimesbiggerthanLondon,andrevealinglifebeneathforthefirsttime.Nowscientistssayitisaraceagainsttimetoexplorethesenewecosystemsbeforetheyaretransformedtothelight.MarinebiologistDrKatrinLinsefromtheBASisleadingthemission.

"ThecalvingofA68providesuswithauniqueopportunitytostudymarinelifeasitrespondstoahugeenvironmentchange,"shesaid."Itisimportantthatwegettherequicklybeforetheunderseaenvironmentchangesassunlightentersthewater."

ProfessorDavidVaughan,sciencedirectorattheBAs,said,"Weneedtobebold(大膽的)onthisone.LarsenCisalongwaysouthandthere'slotsofseaiceinthearea,butthisisimportantscience,sowewilltryourbesttogettheteamwheretheyneedtobe.HesaidclimatechangehadalreadyaffectedtheseaaroundAntarcticaandiswarmingsomecoastalwaters."Futurewarmingmaymakesomehabitatswarm.Wherethesehabitatssupportuniquespeciesthatareadaptedtolovethecoldandnotthewarm,thosespeciesaregoingtoeithermoveordie."

ThereisgrowingconcernaboutthepossibleimpactofclimatechangeintheAntarctic.Earlierthismonth,areportrevealedthatmeltingicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarcticaarespeedingupthealreadyfastpaceofthesealevelrise.Theresearch,publishedbytheNationalAcademiesofScience,EngineeringandMedicine,said,"Atthecurrentrate,theworld'soceanwillbe,onaverage,atleast60cmhigherbytheendofthecentury."However,itfoundthattheprocessisaccelerating,andmorethanthreequartersoftheaccelerationsince1993isduetomeltingicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarctica,thestudyshows.（1）Whyarethescientistseagertogototheiceberg?A.

Tostudyhowtheicebergwasformed.B.

Tostudyanewlydiscoveredecosystem.C.

Toexploreanewwaytopreventclimatechange.D.

ToexplorethegeographyoftheLarsenCiceshelf.（2）Whatdotheunderlinedwords"thisone"inthefourthparagraphreferto?A.

TheLarsenCiceshelf.B.

ClimatechangeinAntarctica.C.

TheA68icebergwiththeecosystembeneathit.D.

TheconditionofanimalspeciesinAntarctica.（3）WhatcanwelearnabouttheA68icebergfromthetext?A.

ItisasbigasLondon.B.

ItispartofaniceshelfintheArctic.C.

Itwilldisappearinaveryshorttime.D.

IthasuncoveredanunknownecosysteminAntarctica.（4）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.

ThereisnoneedtoworryaboutclimatechangeinAntarctica.B.

TheicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarcticaaremeltingatasteadyrate.C.

Manycreatureslivingindeepwaterwilldieoutduetoclimatechange.D.

By2100,thesealevelwillhaverisentoamuchhigherlevelthannow.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，南極地區(qū)的拉森C冰架崩解形成了一座巨大的冰山A68iceberg。冰山下面顯現(xiàn)的新的海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)為科學(xué)家提供了研究未知的海洋生物的機(jī)會。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Nowscientistssayitisaraceagainsttimetoexplorethesenewecosystemsbeforetheyaretransformedtothelight.”可知，科學(xué)家著急趕去世界最大的冰山是為了在其受到光照影響之前研究這座冰山下面的海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選B。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的“ThecalvingofA68providesuswithauniqueopportunitytostudymarinelife...”可知A68冰山的形成為科學(xué)家提供了研究海洋生物的獨(dú)一無二的機(jī)會，所以ProfessorDavidVaughan認(rèn)為科學(xué)家要果敢地抓住這次機(jī)會，故thisone指的是A68冰山和它下面的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“toreachanewlyrevealedecosystemthathadbeenhiddenfor120,000yearsbelowtheLarsenCiceshelf.”到達(dá)一個(gè)新發(fā)現(xiàn)的在拉森冰架下面隱藏了12萬年的的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，可知選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“…Atthecurrentrate,theworld'soceanswillbe,onaverage,atleast60cmhigherbytheendofthecentury.”按目前的速度，世界的海洋到本世紀(jì)末平均至少升高60厘米，選D。【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)境類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。2．犇犇閱讀理解

Whilethestartofanewschoolyearisalwaysexciting,thisyearwasevenmoresoforsomeelementaryschoolstudentsinAuckland,NewZealand.Theybecametheworld'sfirstkidstobe"taught"byadigitalteacher.Beforeyoustartimaginingahuman-likerobotwalkingaroundtheclassroom,Willisjustanavatarthatappearsonthestudent'sdesktop,orsmartphonescreen,whenorderedtocome.

Theautonomousanimationplatformhasbeenmodeledafterthehumanbrainandnervoussystem,allowingittoshowhuman-likebehavior.ThedigitalteacherisassignedtoteachVector's"Besustainablewithenergy"—afreeprogramforAucklandelementaryschools.

Justlikethehumansitreplaced,Willisabletoinstantlyreacttothestudents'responsestothetopic.Thankstoawebcamandmicrophone,theavatarnotonlyrespondstoquestionsthekidsmayhave,butalsopicksupnon-verbalcues.Forinstance,ifastudentsmilesatWill,herespondsbysmilingback.Thistwo-wayinteractionnotonlyhelpsattractthestudents'attention,butalsoallowstheprogram'sdeveloperstomonitortheirengagement,andmakechangesifneeded.

NikhilRavishankarbelievesthatWill-likeavatarscouldbeanovelwaytocatchtheattentionofthenextgeneration.Hesays,“Ihavealotofhopeinthistechnologyasameanstodelivercost-effective,rich,educationalexperienceinthefuture.”

Theprogram,inplacesinceAugust2018,hasbeenagreatsuccessthusfar.Ravishankarsays,"WhatwasfascinatingtomewasthereactionofthechildrentoWill.Thewaytheylookattheworldissocreativeanddifferent,andWillreallycapturedtheirattention."However,regardlessofhowpopularitbecomes,Willisunlikelytoreplacehumaneducatorsanytimesoon.（1）WhatwasspecialforsomeelementaryschoolstudentsinAuckland?A.

Adigitalteachertaughtthem.

B.

Theyfirstsawsomethingdigital.C.

Thiswasthestartofanewschoolyear.

D.

Theycouldgetclosetosmartphonescreen.（2）Whatisthebenefitofthistwo-wayinteraction?A.

Itcansmileback.

B.

Itcanusemicrophone.C.

Itcantalkanytopicforfree.

D.

Itcanchangeifnecessary.（3）What'sRavishankar'sattitudetoWill'sreplacingHumaneducatorssoon?A.

Optimistic.

B.

Doubtful.

C.

Unclear.

D.

Disapproving.（4）Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.

NewHigh-techContributestoEducationB.

TheWorld'sFirstDigitalTeacherAppearsinClassroom.C.

TheWorld'sFirstDigitalTeacher,aHelptoStudentsD.

NewZealandWillReplaceTeachersinClassrooms【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一款智能機(jī)器人走進(jìn)小學(xué)課堂，為孩子們講授能源可持續(xù)發(fā)展。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theybecametheworld'sfirstkidstobe“taught”byadigitalteacher”可知，他們成為世界上第一批由智能機(jī)器人老師“教”的孩子。由此可知，特殊之處在于機(jī)器人老師教他們。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thistwo-wayinteractionnotonlyhelpsattractthestudents'attention,butalsoallowstheprogram'sdeveloperstomonitortheirengagement,andmakechangesifneeded.”即“這種雙向互動不僅有助于吸引學(xué)生的注意力，還允許程序的開發(fā)人員監(jiān)視他們的參與度，并在需要時(shí)做出更改”，由此可得出，其優(yōu)勢在于需要時(shí)，可以做出變化。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However,regardlessofhowpopularitbecomes,Willisunlikelytoreplacehumaneducatorsanytimesoon.”可知，Ravishankar認(rèn)為它不會在短期內(nèi)代替人類教育工作者。故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Whilethestartofanewschoolyearisalwaysexciting,thisyearwasevenmoresoforsomeelementaryschoolstudentsinAuckland,NewZealand.Theybecametheworld'sfirstkidstobe“taught”byadigitalteacher”可知，從新學(xué)年開始，新西蘭奧克蘭的小學(xué)生將成為世界上第一批被機(jī)器人老師教的孩子。之后文章就此展開，由此可推斷出heWorld'sFirstDigitalTeacherAppearsinClassroom最符合本文的標(biāo)題。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科教類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．犇犇閱讀理解

"Actingistheleastmysteriousofallcrafts,"MarionBrandooncesaid.Butforscientists,workingoutwhatisgoingoninanactor'sheadhasalwaysbeensomethingofapuzzle.

Now,researchershavesaidactorsshowdifferentpatternsofbrainactivitydependingonwhethertheyareincharacterornot.

DrStevenBrown,fromMcMasterUniversityinCanada,said,"Itlookslikewhenyouareacting,youaresuppressing(壓制)yourself;almostlikethecharacterispossessingyou."

Brownandcolleaguesreporthow15actors,mainlytheatrestudents,weretrainedtotakeonaShakespearerole—eitherRomeoorJuliet—inatheatreworkshop.Theyweretheninvitedintothelaboratory,wheretheirbrainswerescannedinaseriesofexperiments.

OnceinsidetheMRIscanner,theactorswereaskedtoansweranumberofquestions,suchas:wouldtheygototheparty?Andwouldtheytelltheirparentsthattheyhadfalleninlove?

Eachactorwasaskedtorespondtodifferentquestions,basedontwodifferentpremises(前提).Inone,theywereaskedfortheirownperspective,whileintheother,theywereaskedtorespondasthoughtheywereeitherRomeoorJuliet.

Theresultsrevealedthatthebrainactivitydiffereddependingonthesituationbeingtested.Theteamfoundthatwhentheactorswereincharacter,theyusesomethird-personknowledgeorinferencesabouttheircharacter.

Theteamsaidtheyalsofoundadditionalreductioninactivityintworegionsoftheprefrontalcortex(前額皮質(zhì))linkedtothesenseofself,comparedwithwhentheactorswererespondingasthemselves.

However,PhilipDavis,aprofessorattheUniversityofLiverpool,wasunimpressedbytheresearch,sayingactingisaboutfarmorethan"pretending"tobesomeone—itinvolvesembodying(體現(xiàn))thetextandlanguage.（1）HowdidDrBrown'steamconducttheirresearch?A.

Byscanningthebrainactivityofsomeactors.B.

Bydoingasurveywithsometheatregoers.C.

Byinterviewingsometheatreteachers.D.

Byconsultingsomeexperiencedresearchers.（2）WhatisthefindingofDrBrown'sresearch?A.

Actingisnotasmysteriousaspeoplethink.B.

Actors'brainactivitydifferswhentheyareacting.C.

Actingisfarmorethanpretendingtobethecharacter.D.

Actors'brainactivityismoreactivewhentheyareincharacter.（3）HowdidPhilipDavisreacttotheresearch?A.

Hesupportedit.

B.

Hedoubtedit.

C.

Heexplainedit.

D.

Headvocatedit.（4）Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.

Adebateofhowthebrainfunctions.B.

AplaywrittenbyShakespeare.C.

Aresearchonthebrainactivityofactors.D.

Areportofthecooperationofscientistsandactors.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一項(xiàng)對于演員大腦活動的研究?，F(xiàn)在，研究人員表示，演員的大腦活動模式不同，取決于他們是否扮演角色。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“OnceinsidetheMRIscanner,theactorswereaskedtoansweranumberofquestions,suchas:wouldtheygototheparty?”一旦進(jìn)入核磁共振掃描儀，演員們被要求回答一系列問題，比如:他們會去參加派對嗎?由此推斷出Brown博士的團(tuán)隊(duì)是通過掃描一些演員的大腦活動進(jìn)行他們的研究的，故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“Theresultsrevealedthatthebrainactivitydiffereddependingonthesituationbeingtested.Theteamfoundthatwhentheactorswereincharacter,theyusesomethird-personknowledgeorinferencesabouttheircharacter.”結(jié)果顯示，大腦活動的不同取決于所測試的情境。研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)演員在扮演角色時(shí)，他們會使用一些第三人稱知識或?qū)巧耐茢唷Ｓ纱丝芍狟rown博士的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，演員在表演時(shí)大腦活動是不同的，故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However,PhilipDavis,aprofessorattheUniversityofLiverpool,wasunimpressedbytheresearch,sayingactingisaboutfarmorethan‘pretending’

tobesomeone—itinvolvesembodying(體現(xiàn))thetextandlanguage.”然而，利物浦大學(xué)教授PhilipDavis對這項(xiàng)研究并不以為然。他說，表演不僅僅是"假裝"成某個(gè)人，它還包括文本和語言的體現(xiàn)。由此推斷出PhilipDavis對這項(xiàng)研究持懷疑態(tài)度，故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。第二段中的“Now,researchershavesaidactorsshowdifferentpatternsofbrainactivitydependingonwhethertheyareincharacterornot.”現(xiàn)在，研究人員表示，演員的大腦活動模式不同，取決于他們是否扮演角色，是全文的主題句，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容，可知這篇文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)對于演員大腦活動的研究，故選C?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．犇犇Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

Studiesshowthatolderpeopletendtorememberthepositivethingsinliferatherthanthenegativethings,whileyoungerpeoplerememberthepositiveandnegativeequallywell.Thedominantpsychologicaltheorytoexplainthisisthatolderpeopleareawareoftheirlimitedtimeleft,sotheyprioritizepositiveemotionalexperiences.Butaboutadecadeago,IworkedwithbiologistRobertTriversonhisideathattherewasanevolutionarybasisforolderpeople'sincreasedpositiveoutlook.Ourresearchtookusinthefascinatingdirectionofexploringhowthebodyusesitsenergy.

Whenourancestorsneededmoreenergythanusual,perhapswhilebeingchasedbyatiger,theyhadtogetthatenergyfromsomewhereinthebody.Couldtheyborrowitfromthebrain?Thatorganuses20percentofourmetabolic(新陳代謝)output,whetherwearesolvingmathproblemsorwatchingtelevisionreruns.Duetothisconstantenergyrequirement,borrowingenergyfromthebrainwhenourneedsurpassestheavailablesupplyisnotanoption.Perhapswecouldborrowenergyfromourmuscles.Becauseweusefarmoremuscleenergywhenweareactivethanwhenatrest,inprinciple,wecouldborrowenergywhenwearesitting.Buttheproblemisthatmostoftheenergy-demandingemergenciesofourancestorsrequiredamuscularresponse.Therewasnowaytoborrowenergyfromourmusclesduringanemergencybecauserelaxingwhenatigershowedupwasnotaneffectiveresponse.Thisbringsustoourimmunesystem,which,whenstrong,protectsusfrommanyillnessesanddiseases.Likethebrain,theimmunesystemworksatgreatmetaboliccost,butlargelyintheserviceofkeepingushealthyinthefuture.Wehaveanenormousnumberofimmunecellscoursingthroughourbody,amomentarybreakfromproductionisfine.So,whenourbodyneedsextraenergy,oneoftheplacesitgoesisourimmunefunction.Whenyou'rebeingchasedbyatiger,youdon'tneedtowasteenergymakingimmunecellstofightofftomorrow'scold.Whatyouneedistoshiftallavailableenergyresourcestoyourlegs,withthehopethatyouwilllivetoexperienceanothercoughorsneeze.

Asaresult,ourimmunesystemevolvedtoruninmaximumamountswhenwe'rehappy,buttoslowdowndramaticallywhenwe'renot.Withthisbackgroundinmind,Triverssupposedthatolderpeopleevolvedastrategyofturningthisrelationshiponitshead,becomingmorefocusedonthepositivethingsinlifeinanefforttoenhancetheirimmunefunctioning.Thiswashelpedalongbytheirknowingmuchmoreabouttheworldthanyoungeradults,sotheycandealwithsomeoftheunpleasantthingsinlifemoreeasily.（1）AccordingtoRobertTrivers,whenourbodyneedsextraenergy,______.A.

muscleswillrespondtoitbyrelaxingalittlebitB.

organswillspeedupmetabolicprocessestoansweritC.

immunesystemwilltemporarilyshutdowntofulfillitD.

brainwillsatisfyitbysharingoptionalmetabolicoutput（2）Inparagraph3"thisrelationship"mostprobablyreferstotheonebetween______.A.

experiencesandrelatedknowledge

B.

happinessandbiologicalevolutionC.

immunefunctionandhealth

D.

optimismandlengthoflife（3）WhatcanbeconcludedfromRobertTrivers'study?A.

Youngerpeopleadoptstrategiesofhandlingtensesituationsfromeverydaylife.B.

Ourancestorsevolvedtheirimmunesystemsinfightingagainstfierceanimals.C.

Realizingthattheirdaysarenumbered,olderpeoplepreferbeingpositive.D.

Beingnegativedrainsenergyfromourbody,loweringresistancetodisease.（4）Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.

Brain,musclesandimmunesystem

B.

Age,healthandhappinessC.

Ancestors,emergencyandevolution

D.

Energy,effortandresponse【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究表明，老年人往往會記住生活中積極的事物，而不是消極的事物。十年前作者與生物學(xué)家羅伯特·特里弗斯合作研究身體是如何使用能量的，他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)解釋了這一現(xiàn)象。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Wehaveanenormousnumberofimmunecellscoursingthroughourbody,amomentarybreakfromproductionisfine.So,whenourbodyneedsextraenergy,oneoftheplacesitgoesisourimmunefunction.”可知我們的身體里有大量的免疫細(xì)胞，暫時(shí)停止運(yùn)作是可以的。因此，當(dāng)我們的身體需要額外的能量時(shí)，（我們的身體）會去找免疫系統(tǒng)。由此可以推斷，免疫系統(tǒng)會暫時(shí)停止來為身體提供額外的能量。選C。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的"becomingmorefocusedonthepositivethingsinlifeinanefforttoenhancetheirimmunefunctioning."可知老人們更加關(guān)注生活中積極的事物，是為了增強(qiáng)他們的免疫功能。也就是說積極與免疫功能之間有關(guān)系，越積極，免疫功能越強(qiáng)，就能活得越久，所有選項(xiàng)中D項(xiàng)（樂觀與壽命）之間最切題，故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Asaresult,ourimmunesystemevolvedtoruninmaximumamountswhenwe'rehappy,buttoslowdowndramaticallywhenwe'renot."可知當(dāng)我們快樂時(shí)，我們的免疫系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化到最大程度，但是當(dāng)我們不快樂時(shí)，免疫系統(tǒng)會減弱。由此推斷，消極會消耗我們身體的能量，降低對疾病的抵抗力。選D。（4）考查主旨大意。作者開頭提出老年人更關(guān)注積極的事情，后文提到積極的情緒會增強(qiáng)免疫系統(tǒng)，所以本文主要講的是年齡，健康與積極的情緒之間的關(guān)系，選B?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解Learning,FastandDeep

Overthepastfiveyearsresearchersinartificialintelligencehavebecometherockstarsofthetechnologyworld.AbranchofAIknownasdeeplearning,whichusesneural(神經(jīng)的)networkstoscanthroughlargevolumesofdatalookingforpatterns,hasprovensousefulthatskilledpractitionerscancommandhighsix-figuresalariestobuildsoftwareforAmazon,Apple,FacebookandGoogle.

ThestandardrouteintothesejobshasbeenaPhDincomputersciencefromoneofAmerica'stopuniversities.Earningonetakesyearsandrequiresapersonalitysuitedtoacademia,whichisrareamongmorenormalfolk.

Thatischanging.

Lastmonthfast.ai,anon-profiteducationorganizationbasedinSanFrancisco,kickedoffthethirdyearofitscourseindeeplearning.Sinceitsfoundationithasattractedmorethan100,000studentsaroundtheglobefromIndiatoNigeria.Thecourseandotherslikeit,comewithasimpleidea:thereisnoneedtospendyearsobtainingaPhDinordertopractisedeeplearning.Creatingsoftwarethatlearnscanbetaughtasacraft,notasahighintellectualpursuittobeundertakenonlyinanivorytower.Fast.ai'scoursecanbecompletedinjustsevenweeks.

TomakeitaccessibletoanyonewhowantstolearnhowtobuildAIsoftwareistheaimofJeremyHoward,whofoundedfast.aiwithRachelThomas,amathematician.Hesaysschoolmathematicsissufficient."No.Greek.Letters,"Mr.Howardintones,poundingthetablewithhisfistforpunctuation.

SomeexpertsworrythatthiswillserveonlytocreateafloodofunreliableAIsystemswhichwillbeuselessatbestanddangerousatworst.IntheearliestdaysoftheInternet,onlyaselectfewnerds,namelycomputerholieswithspecificskills,couldbuildapplications.Notmanypeopleusedthem.ThentheinventionoftheWorldWideWebledtoanexplosionofwebpages,bothgoodandbad.ButitwasonlybyopeninguptoallthattheInternetgavebirthtoonlineshopping,instantglobalcommunicationsandsearch.IfMr.Howardandothershavetheirway,makingthedevelopmentofAIsoftwareeasierwillbringforthanewcropoffruitofadifferentkind.（1）Whatcanwelearnaboutdeeplearning?A.

Itreplacesartificialintelligence.

B.

Itattractsrockstarstopractice.C.

Itscanspatternsforlargecompanies.

D.

Ithelpstechnicianstocreatesoftware.（2）Fast.aiisanorganizationthat

.A.

ensuresonetoobtainaPhD

B.

teachescraftinivorytowerC.

offersacourseindeeplearning

D.

requiresweekstoapply（3）Theunderlinedwords"No.Greek.Letters"inParagraph5meansdoingfast.aicourseis

.A.

easy

B.

difficult

C.

interesting

D.

boring（4）Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat

.A.

itisquitereliableforanyonetograspartificialintelligenceB.

theInternethasbroughtforthafloodofuselessAIsystemsC.

openinguptoallleadstoinstantglobalsearchandonlineshoppingD.

simplifyingsoftwaredevelopmentmayresultinunexpectedoutcomes【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，人工智能的深度學(xué)習(xí)被證明很有用，霍華德和數(shù)學(xué)家托馬斯一起創(chuàng)辦的非營利性教育機(jī)構(gòu)致力于讓深度學(xué)習(xí)變得簡單。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的”AbranchofAIknownasdeeplearning,whichusesneuralnetworkstoscanthroughlargevolumesofdatalookingforpatterns…buildsoftwareforAmazon,Apple,FacebookandGoogle.“可知AI技術(shù)的一個(gè)分支、運(yùn)用神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)處理大量數(shù)據(jù)并從中尋找模式的"深度學(xué)習(xí)"被證明非常有用，亞馬遜、蘋果、Facebook和谷歌愿意開出六位數(shù)高薪，聘請熟練的專業(yè)人員編寫軟件。這說明深度學(xué)習(xí)能幫助編寫軟件，故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的”Lastmonthfast.ai,anon-profiteducationorganizationbasedinSanFrancisco,kickedoffthethirdyearofitscourseindeeplearning.“可知。上月，位于舊金山的非營利性教育機(jī)構(gòu)fast.ai進(jìn)入了它開辦深度學(xué)習(xí)課程的第三年。也就是說fast.ai是一個(gè)提供深度學(xué)習(xí)課程的組織，故選C。（3）考查句義猜測。根據(jù)五段中的”Tomakeitaccessibletoanyonewhowantstolearn…Hesaysschoolmathematicsissufficient.“可知讓深度學(xué)習(xí)不再神秘是杰里米·霍華德的目標(biāo)，為此，他和數(shù)學(xué)家雷切爾·托馬斯一起創(chuàng)立了fast.ai，讓任何想學(xué)習(xí)編寫AI軟件的人都能學(xué)習(xí)這門技術(shù)?；羧A德說有中學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)知識就足夠了。這說明fast.ai的課程很簡單，僅需要中學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)知識。因此霍華德說"No.Greek.Letters”沒有，希臘，字母“是想說fast,ai的深度學(xué)習(xí)課程很簡單。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的”IfMrHowardandothershavetheirway,makingthedevelopmentofAIsoftwareeasierwillbringforthanewcropoffruitofadifferentkind.“如果霍華德和其他人如愿以償，那么讓AI軟件開發(fā)變得更容易將會催生出一批新的不同的果實(shí)。由此推斷簡化軟件開發(fā)可能會導(dǎo)致意料之外的結(jié)果。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，句義猜測和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Ithasbeendiscoveredthataftertheageofsixteen,thenumberofourbraincellsbeginstodecreaseataspeedofseveralmillionayear.Theysimplydieoff.Incertaintypesofactivity,thehumanbrainisatitshighestpointintheearlytwenties,whenithascollectedenoughinformationtobeabletousethevastnumberofcellsfreelyinthemosteffectiveway.Puremathematicsisoneofthefieldsinwhichthishappens,andweknowthatAlbertEinsteinmadeallhisworld-shakingdiscoveriesbetweentheageofabout20and25,andspenttherestofhislifetidyingthemupandarrangingthem.

Butincertainothertypesofactivity(ofwhichbeinganauthorisperhapsone),experienceismoreimportantthansharpnessofbrain,andthereoneusuallyfindsthatapersonreacheshisorherpeakmuchlaterinlife.

Besidessharpnessofbrainandexperience,hereisanotherthingthatisveryimportant,andthatiswisdom.Onecanhaveaveryquick,inventivebrainandplentyofexperience,butifoneusesthesefoolishly,oneharmsbothoneselfandothers.Wisdomdoesnotalwayscomewithage——thereareplentyoffoolishmiddle-agedpeopleabout——buttheaveragepersontendstolearnwisdomashegetsolder,usuallybymakingpainfulofembarrassingmistakes.Leaningtobewiseisbasicallylearningwhatisnotpossible;andwhatispossiblebutsodifficultthatitisnotworthallthetroubleonehastogothroughtogetthere.Mostly,itislearningabouthumannature;howrealpeoplebehaveandreact,asagainsthowonewouldlikethemtobehaveandreact.Onecanreadandhearlotofidealisticstuffabouthowtomaketheworldabetterplace,whichwouldbefoundifitwasbasedonanaccurateobservationofhumannature,butwhichisbasicallyawasteoftimebecauseitisnot.（1）Accordingtothewriter,thegreatdiscoveriesmadebyAlbertEinsteinweremainlyaresultin________.A.yearsofhardworkB.sharpnessofthebrainC.richexperienceD.hisdeepunderstandingofthenature（2）Somepeopleachievesuccessmuchlaterinlifebecause

.A.theirworkoftenrequiresmuchexperienceB.theydonothaveachancetoshowtheirtalentsC.theyhavetolearnlessonsfromfailuresD.theyfailtorealizeearliertheimportanceofhardwork（3）Theimportanceofwisdomliesinthefactthat

.A.ithelpstoavoidvariousmistakesB.itcontributestoone'screativityC.itencouragesonetogoforwardinfaceofdifficultyD.itprovidestherightdirectionofefforts（4）Thewritercametobelievethat

.A.itisalwaysawasteoftimetomakeplansaboutthefutureB.itishumannaturetomakeattemptsonwhatlooksimpossibleC.oneshouldalwayschallengetheimpossibletopushthesocietyforwardD.onehastousewisdomindecidingwhatisthebestthingtodo【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了人類的大腦在20歲左右于巔峰，在以后的成就多數(shù)是因?yàn)樾枰S富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。除了頭腦敏銳和經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富外，智慧也非常重要，因?yàn)橹腔蹫槿藗兲峁┝苏_的努力方向。人們要用智慧來決定做什么才是最好的。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段“Ithasbeendiscoveredthataftertheageofsixteen,thenumberofourbraincellsbeginstodecreaseataspeedofseveralmillionayear.Theysimplydieoff.Incertaintypesofactivity,thehumanbrainisatitshighestpointintheearlytwenties,...andweknowthatAlbertEinsteinmadeallhisworld-shakingdiscoveriesbetweentheageofabout20and25,andspenttherestofhislifetidyingthemupandarrangingthem.”人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，16歲以后，我們的腦細(xì)胞數(shù)量開始以每年幾百萬的速度減少。在某些類型的活動中，人類的大腦在20歲早期處于巔峰狀態(tài),...我們知道阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦在20到25歲之間做出了所有震驚世界的發(fā)現(xiàn)。用余生來整理和安排這些發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)對愛因斯坦所的發(fā)現(xiàn)可知，他的偉大的發(fā)現(xiàn)是在20-25歲之間，更是印證了人類大腦在20年代初達(dá)到了巔峰，可推斷出，本段主要研究人類大腦巔峰期，故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段“Butincertainothertypesofactivity(ofwhichbeinganauthorisperhapsone),experienceismoreimportantthansharpnessofbrain,andthereoneusuallyfindsthatapersonreacheshisorherpeakmuchlaterinlife.”但在某些其他類型的活動中(作家可能是其中一種)，經(jīng)驗(yàn)比頭腦的敏捷更重要，人們通常會發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)人在他一生的晚期才達(dá)到頂峰?？赏茢喑鲇行┤嗽谕砟耆〉贸晒κ且?yàn)樗麄兊墓ぷ髦型枰芏嘟?jīng)驗(yàn)。故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Besidessharpnessofbrainandexperience,hereisanotherthingthatisveryimportant,andthatiswisdomLeaningtobewiseisbasicallylearningwhatisnotpossible；andwhatispossiblebutsodifficultthatitisnotworthallthetroubleonehastogothroughtogetthere.Mostly,itislearningabouthumannature；howrealpeoplebehaveandreact,asagainsthowonewouldlikethemtobehaveandreact.”除了敏銳的頭腦和豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)外，還有一件事是非常重要的，那就是智慧。學(xué)習(xí)成為智者，要基本的了解什么是不可能的；學(xué)習(xí)有可能但又很困難的東西，以至于不值得一個(gè)人為了達(dá)到目的而付出所有的努力。最重要的是了解人性，了解真實(shí)的人是如何行為和反應(yīng)的，以及人們希望他們?nèi)绾涡袨楹头磻?yīng)的。由此可推斷出智慧的重要性在于智慧能讓人知道什么可做，什么不能做，即為人提供正確的努力方向。故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Leaningtobewiseisbasicallylearningwhatisnotpossible；andwhatispossiblebutsodifficultthatitisnotworthallthetroubleonehastogothroughtogetthere.Mostly,itislearningabouthumannature；howrealpeoplebehaveandreact,asagainsthowonewouldlikethemtobehaveandreact.Onecanreadandhearlotofidealisticstuffabouthowtomaketheworldabetterplace,whichwouldbefoundifitwasbasedonanaccurateobservationofhumannature,”成為智者，要大體上知道什么是不可能的。學(xué)習(xí)有可能但又如此困難的東西，以至于不值得一個(gè)人為了達(dá)到目的而付出所有的努力。最重要的是學(xué)習(xí)人性，了解真實(shí)的人是如何行為和反應(yīng)的，以及人們希望他們?nèi)绾涡袨楹头磻?yīng)的。人們可以讀到和聽到很多關(guān)于如何使世界變得更美好的理想主義的東西由此可推斷出聰明的人必須運(yùn)用智慧來決定最好要做什么事。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判