-strict-,-string-,-stress-,-strain-

todrawtight拉緊Objective:通過詞源解析和構(gòu)詞法，掌握strict,district,stress,distress,restrict,restriction,straight,straightforward,stretch,strain及其派生詞。

1.strict/str?kt/a.嚴(yán)厲的，要求嚴(yán)格的

來自拉丁語strictus,緊的，拉緊的，過去分詞格于stringere,拉緊，綁緊，收縮，詞源同strain,stress,stringent.引申詞義嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)厲的。strict的派生詞derivativesofstrictstrictlyad.strictnessn.句型sentencepatternsbe/getstrictwithsb.Tomanagethisyouneedtogetstrictwithyourself.bestrictinsth.Buthewasverycarefultowhomhelentandwasverystrictingettingbackthemoney.高考題中的strictInmyninth-gradewritingclasslastyear,Imetacowboywhosavedhistown,astrictfatherwhodemandedhissonearnstraightA’s,andamodern-dayJulietwhodiedofheartbreakafterherparentsrejectedtheloveofheryounglife.*（2025全國I卷閱讀B）24.WhatdosomeofFarber’scoworkersthinkofhim?He’sodd. B.He’sstrict. C.He’sbrave. D.He’srude（2024年全國I卷）2.stress/stres/n.精神壓力；v.強調(diào)c.1300,"hardship,adversity,force,pressure,"inpartashorteningofMiddleEnglishdistress(n.);inpartfromOldFrenchestrece"narrowness,oppression,"fromVulgarLatin*strictia,fromLatinstrictus"tight,compressed,drawntogether,"pastparticipleofstringere"drawtight"(seestrain(v.)).Meaning"physicalstrainonamaterialobject"isfrommid-15c.Asanabstractforceinmechanicsfrom1855.Thepurelypsychologicalsenseisattestedfrom1955.stressful/?stresf(?)l/a.高考鏈接:Itturnsoutthatjustlookingatgreen,growingthingscanreducestress,lowerbloodpressure,andputpeopleintoabettermood.（2019全國I卷）3.distress/d??stres/

n.憂慮，悲傷dis-,分開,stress,拉，拉緊，詞源同strict,stress.即拉緊，緊張，憂慮，悲傷。Jealousycauses_______andpainfulemotions.distress

4.restrict/r??str?kt/v.限制，控制

re-back，strict拉緊,往回拉緊，束縛，限制[1525–35;?L

restrictus

drawnback,tightened,bound,reserved,orig.ptp.of

restringere

to

restrain,equiv.to

re-

re-

+

strictus

strict]restricted/r??str?kt?d/a.受限制的-ed過去分詞后綴，表被動或完成，有些動詞的過去分詞可以用作形容詞restrict的派生詞derivativesofrestrictrestricted/r??str?kt?d/a.被限制的，保密的restrictive/r??str?kt?v/a.具有限制性的，約束性的restrictivelyad.-ly副詞后綴restriction/r??str?k?(?)n/n.限制規(guī)定，限制法規(guī)–ion名詞后綴

restriction/r??str?k?(?)n/n.限制規(guī)定

34.Whatmakesanopenofficeunwelcometomanypeople?A.Personalprivacyunprotected.B.Limitedworkingspace.C.Restrictionsongroupdiscussion.D.Constantinterruptions.（2021全國乙）

restrictive/r??str?kt?v/a.限制（性）的

Somethingthatisrestrictivepreventspeoplefromdoingwhattheywanttodo,orfrommovingfreely.Britainistoadoptamorerestrictivepolicyonarmssales....increasinglyrestrictiveimmigrationlaws.Donotwearrestrictiveclothing.單句填空練習(xí)：1.NATOwillstopdisclosingdetailsofweaponsdeliveriestoUkraineandmayfurther_________informationrelatedtodefenseplanninganddeterrencetopreventRussianexploitation.2.Duetothe__________narrowsiteinanareabetweenthecitycentreanditseasternsuburbs,thetowerisarrangedasaclusterofthreeparallelelongatedblocks.restrictrestrictively5.string/str??/n.弦,細繩_____

isthinropemadeoftwistedthreads,usedfortyingthingstogetherortyinguppackages.

StringStringisetymologicallysomethingthathasbeenpulled‘taut’or‘stiff’.ItcomesfromaprehistoricGermanicbase*strang-,denoting‘taut,stiff’,whichalsoproducedEnglishstrong.stringed/?str??d/a.有弦的，被弦縛住的Pipaisastringedinstrument（必修二Unit5Music）astringof一系列，一串Thebandwasforcedtocancela

string

oflivedates.Thelandscapeisbrokenonlybyastringofvillages.這片風(fēng)景中只有一排村莊。6.straight/stre?t/a.直的ad.直線地,坦率地C14:fromthepastparticipleofOldEnglishstreccantostretchstraighten/?stre?tn/v.（使）變直，（使）變正；straightforward/?stre?t?f??w?d/a.簡單的，易懂的；（人）誠實的，坦率的ad.坦率地單句填空：1.Personallyspeaking,whatIlikemostaboutAustraliaisthepeoplethemselves.Theyhavea_________andfree-and-easyattitudetowardslife.（人教選4U2）2.Theroadtwisteditswayupthemountain,then____________outforthelasttwohundredyards.straightforwardstraightened

7.stretch/stret?/v.（使）變大，拉長;n.（土地或水域的）一片，一段；

CaptainSmith:

Takehertosea,Mr.Murdoch.Let’sstretchherlegs.WilliamMurdoch:

Yessir.Allaheadfull,Mr.Moody.（Titanic

）stretch詞源解析：來自古英語streccan,拉長，伸出，展開，來自Proto-Germanic*strakjana,展開，拉緊，可能來自PIE*strenk,緊的，拉緊，詞源同string,strain,strict.Meaning"toextend(thelimbsorwings)"isfromc.1200;thatof"tolayoutforburial"isfromearly13c.To

stretchone'slegs

"takeawalk"isfromc.1600.Meaning"tolengthenbyforce"firstrecordedlate14c.;figurativesenseof"toenlargebeyondproperlimits,exaggerate,"isfrom1550s.

Stretchlimo加長豪華轎車

firstattested1973.

Stretchmarks

isattestedfrom1960.Related:

Stretched;

stretching.

8.strain/stre?n/v.繃緊,拉緊

strain/stre?n/n.焦慮，緊張,拉傷，品系，血統(tǒng)lineofancestryToday,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan’shybrid_____,andhis_______haveallowedChina’sfarmerstoproducearound200milliontonsofriceperyear.（人教版選1U5）

strainsstrainsstrainv.詞源解析：

c.1300,"tie,bind,fasten,gird,"frompresentparticiplestemofOldFrench

estreindre

"bindtightly,clasp,squeeze,"fromLatin

stringere

(2)"drawtight,bindtight,compress,presstogether,"fromPIEroot

*streig-

"tostroke,rub,press"(cognates:Lithuanian

stregti

"congeal,freeze,becomestiff;"Greek

strangein

"twist;"OldHighGerman

strician

"mendsnets;"OldEnglish

streccian

"tostretch;"German

stramm,Dutch

stram

"stiff").

9.district/?d?str?kt/地區(qū)，區(qū)域；行政區(qū)，轄區(qū)；v.把---劃分成區(qū)

dis-,-strict-,分開拉緊，拉開，分區(qū)，區(qū)域ItcameviaFrenchdistrictfrommedievalLatindistrictus;thismeantliterally‘seized,compelled’,andhencewasusedasanouninthesense‘seizureofoffenders’,andhence‘exerciseofjustice’,andfinally‘a(chǎn)reainwhichjusticeissoexercised(inthefeudalsystem)’.Districtus

wasthepastparticipleofLatin

distringere,acompoundverbformedfromtheprefix

dis-‘a(chǎn)part’and

stringere

‘pulltight’(sourceofEnglish

strain,

strict,

stringent,

stress,etc).

U.S.CircuitandDistrictCourts

語法填空：ForrestGump:AStraightPathThroughLife’sStrainsForrestGumpwasbornwith

strictrestrictions—hislegswereweak,anddoctorssaidhewouldneverwalk

straight.Livinginasmall

district

ofAlabama,hefaced__1__（constantly）

stress

and

distress

frombulliesanddoubts.Yet,hispureheartrefusedtolettheselimits

restrict

hisspirit.Withhismother’sloveandJenny’s_2_（kind）,Forrestbrokefree.He

__3__（stretch）hislegs,runningpastevery

strain

inhisbody.Hisdeterminationturnedhisweaknessinto_4_（strong）,andsoon,hewasrunningfasterthananyone.Lifetested