Unit9HumanBiology提能訓(xùn)練練案[28]Ⅰ.閱讀理解ANewdiscoveriesandtechnologicalbreakthroughsaremadeeveryyear.Yet,astheinformationindustrymovesforward,manypeopleinsocietyarelookingbacktotheirrootsintermsofthewaytheyeat.A“l(fā)ocavore”movementhasemergedintheUnitedStates.Themovementsupportseatingfoodsgrownlocallyandsustainably,ratherthanprepackagedfoodsshippedfromotherpartsoftheworld.Expertsholdthateatinglocalhasmanymerits,andisexpectedtobecomeatrendfeaturingsustainability.ErinBarnettisthedirectorofLocalHarvest,acompanythataimstohelpconnectpeopletofarmsintheirarea.Byeatinglocal,sheargues,peoplehaveabetterandmorepersonalunderstandingoftheimpacttheirfoodconsumptionhasontherestoftheworld.“Thereisawayofconnectingthepoint,whereeatinglocallyisanactthatraisesourawarenessofsustainableliving，”Barnettsays.TheUnitedStates’agriculturaloutputisoneofthehighestintheworld,saysTimothyBeach,aprofessorofgeographyandgeoscienceattheUniversityofTexasinAustin,Texas.“There'sjustnootherplaceonEarthwheretheamountofinputissoproductive，”BeachsaysofAmericanagriculture.“Nobodycancutoffthefoodweneed.”However,theUSfoodsystemisnotsustainablebecauseofitsdependencyonfossil(化石)fuels,saysBeach.Equipmentusedon“extremelyproductive”farmsisquicklyconsumingEarth'snaturalresources,particularlyoil.Additionally,theproductionofagriculturalsupplements(補(bǔ)充劑),suchasfertilizer,useslargeamountsofenergy.Theworldhasusedclosetohalfoftheglobaloilsupply,Beachsays,andthesecondhalfwillbeconsumedatanevenfasterratebecauseofgrowingpopulationandeconomicdevelopment.Althoughmanybusinessesareexperimentingwithwind,solar,andbiofuel,Beachsaysthere'snothingthatweseeonthehorizonthatcanreplaceit.“ThereisnowayonEarthweareusingfossilfuelssustainably.Thenwehavetoreconsidertheimpactofeatinglocal，”hesays.語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。隨著信息產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，美國(guó)卻興起了“土食者”運(yùn)動(dòng)，該運(yùn)動(dòng)支持食用在本土以可持續(xù)方式種植的食物，從而提高人們對(duì)可持續(xù)生活的意識(shí)。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“merits”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Aspects.B．Advantages.C．Challenges.D．Explanations.解析：B詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Byeatinglocal,sheargues,peoplehaveabetterandmorepersonalunderstandingoftheimpacttheirfoodconsumptionhasontherestoftheworld.(她認(rèn)為，通過(guò)食用本地食品，人們對(duì)自己的食品消費(fèi)對(duì)世界其他地區(qū)的影響有了更好、更深刻的了解。)”和“Thereisawayofconnectingthepoint,whereeatinglocallyisanactthatraisesourawarenessofsustainableliving(有一種方法可以將這一點(diǎn)聯(lián)系起來(lái)，在這一點(diǎn)中本地飲食是一種提高我們可持續(xù)生活意識(shí)的行為)”可知，食用本地食品可以讓人們更好地了解自己的食品消費(fèi)所帶來(lái)的影響，還能夠幫助提高人們對(duì)可持續(xù)生活的意識(shí)，由此可推測(cè)出，食用本地食品有許多好處。merit意為“優(yōu)點(diǎn)”，與B項(xiàng)“好處”意思最為接近。故選B。2．What'stheweaknessoftheagricultureintheUnitedStates?A．Itconsumestoomanynaturalresources.B．Ithasarelativelylowagriculturaloutput.C．Largeequipmentisnotwidelyemployed.D．Agriculturalsupplementsaren'tavailable.解析：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Equipmentusedon‘extremelyproductive’farmsisquicklyconsumingEarth'snaturalresources,particularlyoil.(在‘極其高產(chǎn)的’農(nóng)場(chǎng)上所使用的設(shè)備正在迅速消耗地球的自然資源，特別是石油。)”可知，美國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè)的弱點(diǎn)是消耗了太多自然資源。故選A。3．What'sBeach'sviewonnaturalresources?A．Dependencyonoilisandwillbeabigissue.B．Peoplewilluselessandlessoilinthefuture.C．Theuseoffossilfuelsfeaturessustainability.D．Therearebetterreplacementsforfossilfuels.解析：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Theworldhasusedclosetohalfoftheglobaloilsupply,Beachsays,andthesecondhalfwillbeconsumedatanevenfasterratebecauseofgrowingpopulationandeconomicdevelopment.Althoughmanybusinessesareexperimentingwithwind,solar,andbiofuel,Beachsaysthere'snothingthatweseeonthehorizonthatcanreplaceit.(Beach說(shuō)，全世界已經(jīng)使用了全球近一半的石油供應(yīng)，而由于人口的增長(zhǎng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，下一半的石油將以更快的速度被消費(fèi)。盡管許多企業(yè)都在試驗(yàn)風(fēng)能、太陽(yáng)能和生物燃料，但Beach說(shuō)，我們目前看不到任何東西可以替代它。)”可知，Beach認(rèn)為全世界已經(jīng)使用了將近一半的石油，而剩下的石油將消耗得更快，石油并不是可持續(xù)的，而且目前還沒(méi)有能代替它的東西，由此可推測(cè)出，隨著石油儲(chǔ)備降低，依賴石油會(huì)成為一個(gè)大問(wèn)題。故選A。4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ScientificWaystoEatLocalB．IsEatingLocalSustainable?C．EffortstoPromoteLocalFoodsD．AreLocalFoodsEnough?解析：B標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了美國(guó)興起了“土食者”運(yùn)動(dòng)，該運(yùn)動(dòng)支持食用在本土以可持續(xù)方式種植的食物，食用本地食品可以提高人們對(duì)可持續(xù)生活的意識(shí)。再結(jié)合第二段中的“Expertsholdthateatinglocalhasmanymerits,andisexpectedtobecomeatrendfeaturingsustainability.(專家們認(rèn)為，食用本地食品有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，并有望成為一種可持續(xù)發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)。)”可知，本文主要圍繞食用本地食品和可持續(xù)展開(kāi)，B項(xiàng)“食用本地食品是可持續(xù)的嗎？”最能概括本文。故選B。B(2025·湖北省七市州統(tǒng)測(cè))Anewstudyinvolvingnearly50，000peoplefromfourcontinentsoffersnewinsightsintoidentifyingthequantityofdailywalkingstepsthatwillbestimproveadults'healthandlongevity(長(zhǎng)壽),andwhethertheidealnumberofstepsdiffersacrosspeopleofdifferentages.Thestudyrepresentsanefforttodevelopanevidence-basedpublichealthmessageaboutthebenefitsofphysicalactivity.Theoften-repeated10，000-steps-a-daysayinggrewoutofadecades-oldmarketingactivityforaJapanesepedometer(計(jì)步器),withnosciencetobackitup.LedbyphysicalactivityprofessorAmandaPaluch,aninternationalgroupofscientistsconductedanexperimentamongadultsaged18andolder.Theygroupedthenearly50，000participantsintofourcomparativegroupsaccordingtoaveragestepsperday.Theloweststepgroupaveraged3，500steps；thesecond,5，800；thethird,7，800；andthefourth，10，900stepsperday.Amongthethreehigheractivegroups,therewasa40%—53%lowerriskofdeath,comparedtotheloweststepgroup.Morespecifically,foradultsaged60andolder,theriskofearlydeathleveledoffatabout6，000—8，000stepsperday,meaningthatmorestepsthanthatprovidednoadditionalbenefitforlongevity,whileforadultsyoungerthan60,about8，000—10，000stepsperday.“So,whatwesawwasthiscontinuingreductioninriskasthenumberofstepsincreases,untilitlevelsoff.Interestingly,thestudyfoundnodefinitiveassociationwithwalkingspeed，”Paluchsays.ThenewstudysupportsandexpandsonfindingsfromanotherstudyledbyPaluchbefore,whichfoundthatwalkingatleast7，000stepsadayreducedmiddleagedpeople'sriskofearlydeath.“There'salotofevidencesuggestingthatmovingevenalittlemoreisbeneficial,particularlyforthosewhoaredoingverylittleactivity，”Paluchsays.“Morestepsperdayarebetterforyourhealth.”語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀：本文主要介紹一項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果：步行幫助人們提高健康水平、延長(zhǎng)壽命、降低中老年人早亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。本文旨在鼓勵(lì)人們多走路，提高健康狀況。5．Whydidthescientistscarryoutthenewstudy?A．Toknowaboutpeople'shealthconditions.B．Toexplainthepedometer'sworkingprinciples.C．Todeterminethebestphysicalactivityforpeople.D．Toprovideascientificguidelineondailywalking.解析：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“anefforttodevelopanevidence-basedpublichealthmessageaboutthebenefitsofphysicalactivity”和“aJapanesepedometer(計(jì)步器),withnosciencetobackitup”可知，現(xiàn)有的“每天一萬(wàn)步”的觀點(diǎn)缺乏科學(xué)依據(jù)，本項(xiàng)研究旨在為健康與走路步數(shù)的關(guān)系提供科學(xué)證據(jù)，由此可知本研究是為了給日常走路鍛煉提供科學(xué)指導(dǎo)。故選D。6．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“l(fā)eveledoff”inparagraph3mean?A．Turnedhigher.B．Becamestable.C．Fellsharply.D．Changedrapidly.解析：B詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“meaningthatmorestepsthanthatprovidednoadditionalbenefitforlongevity”可知，多余的步數(shù)并不會(huì)增加額外的好處，由此可知步數(shù)到達(dá)一定量之后早亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)趨于穩(wěn)定。故選B。7．Whatdoestheexperimentfind?A．Theoldshouldwalkasmuchaspossible.B．Youngpeopleusuallywalkmorethantheold.C．Themostbeneficialstepsdifferbyagegroups.D．Walkingpaceisthekeytoavoidingearlydeath.解析：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“foradultsaged60andolder,theriskofearlydeathleveledoffatabout6，000—8，000stepsperday...whileforadultsyoungerthan60,about8，000—10，000stepsperday”可知，年齡不同，最佳步數(shù)也不一樣。故選C。8．WhatdoesPaluchadvisepeopledoinglittleactivitytodo?A．Towalkmoresteps.B．Tocontrolwalkingspeed.C．Tolimitwalkingdistance.D．Totrackthenumberofsteps.解析：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“There'salotofevidencesuggestingthatmovingevenalittlemoreisbeneficial,particularlyforthosewhoaredoingverylittleactivity...Morestepsperdayarebetterforyourhealth.”可知，不常運(yùn)動(dòng)的人，增加走路步數(shù)對(duì)健康有益，因此可知帕盧克建議不常運(yùn)動(dòng)的人應(yīng)該增加走路步數(shù)。故選A。C(2025·福建質(zhì)檢)ResearchersatMITcreatedahigh-techpillthatstartstovibrate(振動(dòng))onceitmakescontactwithliquidintheuser'sstomachandmakeshimorherfeelfull.ThepillwasreportedlythoughtupbyShriyaSrinivasan,currentlyanassistantprofessorofbioengineeringatHarvardUniversity.VIBES,shortforVibratingIngestibleBioElectronicStimulator,wasonlyrecentlymadepublicinastudypublishedinScienceAdvances,butitisalreadybeingannouncedbythemediaasthefutureofweightloss.Althoughithasyettobetestedonhumans,trialsonpigshaveachievedveryhopefulresults.Afterabout30minutesofVIBESactivity,pigsconsumedonaveragealmost40percentlessfoodinthenexthalfhourthantheydidwithoutthesmartpill.Apparently,therevolutionarydeviceworksbyactivatingstretchreceptorsinthestomach,modelingthepresenceoffood.This,inturn,signalsthehypothalamus(下丘腦)toincreasethelevelsofhormonesthatmakeusfeelfull.Thevibratingstimulator,whichisaboutthesizeofavitaminpill,ispoweredbyanencasedbatteryandactivatedeitherbythegastricfluid(胃液)breakingdownacoataroundthepill,orbyanincorporatedtimer.Afterproducingthedesiredeffect,thepillexitsthebodywithothersolidwaste.Thegoodnewsisthatitisexpectedtohaveacostinthecentstoonedollarrange,andresearcherssaythatitmayeventuallybepossibletoimplantthestimulatorandthusremovetheneedforpeopletoconstantlyswallowit.“Ourstudydemonstratestheeffectivenessofalowcost,non-operativeinterventiontoreducefoodintakeandcalorieconsumption.Thedevicefunctionseffectivelyinthestomachandleadstofullness，”saidGiovanniTraverso,co-authorofthestudy.“Thedevicehasthepotentialtorevolutionizeoptionsforweightlosstreatment.However,futurestudieswillneedtoexplorethephysiologicaleffectsofthedevicebeforeit'savailableforpatients.”ResearchersarenowexploringwaystoscaleuptheproductionofVIBEScapsuleswhichcouldenableclinicaltrialsinhumans.語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀：本文介紹了名為VIBES的高科技藥物，這種藥物通過(guò)在體內(nèi)振動(dòng)來(lái)模擬食物的存在，從而幫助減少食物攝入，研究表明其潛力巨大，但尚需進(jìn)一步的研究以確認(rèn)其生理效應(yīng)。9．Whatistheoutcomeoftakingthepill?A．Liquidproduction.B．Foodstorage.C．Sensationoffullness.D．Recoveryofusers.解析：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“ResearchersatMITcreatedahigh-techpillthatstartstovibrate(振動(dòng))onceitmakescontactwithliquidintheuser'sstomachandmakeshimorherfeelfull.”可知，該藥片在胃里與液體接觸后就會(huì)振動(dòng)，從而產(chǎn)生飽腹感。故選C。10．WhichaspectofthedeviceismentionedinParagraph2?A.Itsworkingprinciple.B．Itsintelligence.C．Itstestinghistory.D．Itssideeffect.解析：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Apparently,therevolutionarydeviceworksbyactivatingstretchreceptorsinthestomach,modeling...thepillexitsthebodywithothersolidwaste.”可知，第二段介紹了這個(gè)裝置的工作原理是通過(guò)模擬食物在胃里的消化活動(dòng)，使下丘腦分泌更多使人感到飽腹的激素。故選A。11．Whatistheresearchers'ultimategoalofthedevice?A．Toproducegastricfluidwithit.B．Todestroythecoataroundit.C．Tofixitinthehumanbody.D．Toremovesolidwastefromit.解析：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“...researcherssaythatitmayeventuallybepossibletoimplantthestimulatorandthusremovetheneedforpeopletoconstantlyswallowit”可知，研究人員的最終目標(biāo)是將該裝置植入人體。故選C。12．WhatisGiovanniTraverso'sattitudetowardthefutureofthedevice?A．Worried.B．Cautious.C．Doubtful.D．Confused.解析：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Thedevicehasthepotentialtorevolutionizeoptionsforweightlosstreatment.However,futurestudieswillneedtoexplorethephysiologicaleffectsofthedevicebeforeit'savailableforpatients.”可知，喬瓦尼既肯定了該裝置在減重方面的有效性，又認(rèn)為需要進(jìn)一步研究其對(duì)人體的生理影響，由此可推知，他對(duì)此持謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度。故選B。Ⅱ.七選五(2024·重慶市巴蜀中學(xué)月考)Intoday'sfast-pacedworld,itcanbechallengingtoprioritizeourhealth.However,maintainingahealthylifestyleisessentialforalongandfulfillinglife.1.．1．Abalanceddietandregularexercisematter：Acornerstoneofahealthylifestyleisabalanceddiet.Eatingavarietyoffoodsfromallfoodgroupsensuresyougetthenecessarynutrients.Includeplentyoffruits,vegetables,wholegrains,leanproteins,andhealthyfatsinyourdailymeals.Limittheintakeofsugaryandprocessedfoods.2.．Aimforatleast150minutesofmoderate-intensityexerciseeachweek.Activitieslikewalking,swimming,orcyclingcanhelpmaintainahealthyweight,strengthenyourmuscles,andimproveyourcardiovascularhealth.2.3.：Sleepiswhenourbodiesrepairandrecharge.Aimfor7-9hoursofqualitysleepeachnight.Lackofsleepcanleadtoarangeofhealthissues,includingimpairedcognitivefunctionandaweakenedimmunesystem.Itshouldalsobebroughttoyourattentionthatchronicstresscannegativelyimpactyourhealth.Practicestress-reductiontechniquessuchasmeditation,deepbreathingexercises,oryogatokeepstresslevelsincheck.3．Avoidharmfulhabitsanddoregularcheck-ups：4.．Quittingsmokinganddrinkinginmoderationcansignificantlyimproveyouroverallwell-being.Inthemeantime,don'tneglectregularmedicalcheck-ups.Theycanhelpdetectandpreventhealthissuesearly,whentheyareeasiertomanage.Inconclusion,adoptingahealthylifestyleisalifelongcommitment.5.．Remember,yourhealthisyourmostvaluableasset(資產(chǎn)),soinvestinitwisely.A．EmphasizehydrationandsocialconnectionsB．AdequatesleepandstressmanagementwillhelpC．Therefore,youshouldreallydoworkoutsregularlyD．Inaddition,physicalactivityiscrucialforgoodhealthE．HerearesomekeytipstohelpyoustayonthepathtowellnessF．SmokingandexcessivealcoholconsumptionarebadforyourhealthG．Bymakingsmall,sustainablechanges,youcanimproveyourselfsteadily語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀：如何在繁忙的工作和生活中保持健康以及選擇健康的生活方式的三條建議。解析：1．E考查段落末句。上文提到了要保持健康以及有一個(gè)健康的生活方式，此處選E最恰當(dāng)，承上啟下。故選E。2．D考查上下文銜接。本段小標(biāo)題為“Abalanceddietandregularexercisematter”。空格前在講“abalanceddiet”，此處選D最恰當(dāng)，引出下文講exercise。故選D。3．B考查段落大意。本段介紹了睡眠以及應(yīng)對(duì)壓力對(duì)健康的重要性，因此B項(xiàng)最符合。故選B。4．F考查段落首句。本段標(biāo)題為“Avoidharmfulhabitsanddoregularcheck-ups”，因此第一部分應(yīng)該講與不良習(xí)慣有關(guān)的內(nèi)容，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)最符合。故選F。5．G考查上下文銜接。本段對(duì)全文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)，健康無(wú)小事，但只要一步一個(gè)腳印，人人都可以養(yǎng)成良好的習(xí)慣，G項(xiàng)最符合。故選G。Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空Researchhasrevealedsomeworrying1.(trend)inthewayyoungpeopleareleadingtheirlives.Badeatinghabitsareatthetopofthelist,2.manyyoungsterseatingtoomanyofthewrongthings.Healthexpertswarnthattheconsumptionoflargequantitiesofjunkfoodputschildrenindangerofbecomingobeseand3.(develop)serioushealthproblemslateroninlife.Thesit-downlifestyle4.(lead)bychildrentodayisalsoamajorcauseforconcern.Moreover,the5.(combine)oflackofexerciseandtoomucheating,witheatingtoomuchunhealthyfood,6.(be)arecipefordisaster.Thereare,however,waysoftacklingtheseproblems.Forexample,youngstersand7.(they)parentscanmakesuretheyhave8.balanceddiet.Childrencouldjoinacluborsociety9.theycouldmakenewfriendsandgetmoreexercise.Onethingisforsure—alifestyleofjunkfoodandlackofexerciseis10.(certain)notoneworthliving.語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀：本文主要介紹了年輕人的一些不健康的生活方式及解決辦法。解析：1．trends考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：研究揭示了年輕人的生活方式中一些令人擔(dān)憂的趨勢(shì)。根據(jù)空前的some可知，此處應(yīng)用可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填trends。2．with考查介詞。句意：不良的飲食習(xí)慣高居榜首，許多年輕人吃了太多不好的東西。“with＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，此處with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。故填with。3．developing考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：健康專家警告，食用大量垃圾食品會(huì)使兒童在以后的生活中面臨變得肥胖和出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重健康問(wèn)題的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。設(shè)空處和becoming并列，作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)填動(dòng)名詞。故填developing。4．led考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：如今孩子們所養(yǎng)成的久坐的生活方式也是引起關(guān)注的一個(gè)重要原因。is為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，與設(shè)空處間無(wú)連詞連接，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)形式作后置定語(yǔ)修飾lifestyle，且lifestyle和lead之間為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)填過(guò)去分詞形式。故填led。5．combination考查名詞。句意：此外，缺乏鍛煉和過(guò)度飲食，再加上吃太多不健康食品，遲早會(huì)出事。根據(jù)空前的the和空后的of可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)填名詞，在句中作主語(yǔ)。故填combination。6．is考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意見(jiàn)上一題解析。此處陳述客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語(yǔ)為thecombination，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填is。7．their考查代詞。句意：例如，年輕人和他們的父母可以確保他們飲食均衡。修飾名詞parents應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞。故填their。8．a(chǎn)考查冠詞。句意見(jiàn)上一題解析。diet在此處為可數(shù)名詞，表示泛指，且balanced的發(fā)音以輔音音素開(kāi)頭，應(yīng)用不定冠詞a修飾。故填a。9．where考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：孩子們可以加入一個(gè)俱樂(lè)部或社團(tuán)，在那里他們可以結(jié)交新朋友，并得到更多的鍛煉。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，且在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)該從句。故填where。10．certainly考查副詞。句意：有一點(diǎn)是肯定的——食用垃圾食品和缺乏鍛煉的生活方式肯定不值得擁有。設(shè)空處應(yīng)用副詞作狀語(yǔ)，修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is。故填certainly。Ⅳ.應(yīng)用文寫作(2025·上饒一模)假定你是李華，你們學(xué)校近期開(kāi)展以“SayNotoFastFood”為主題的英語(yǔ)演講比賽，請(qǐng)你寫一篇演講稿，內(nèi)容包括：1．快餐的危害；2.你的建議。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2．請(qǐng)按如下格式在相應(yīng)的位置作答。Dearfriends，參考范文：Dearfriends，Nowadays,fastfoodisverypopularinChina,especiallyamongchildrenandyoungpeoplewhoenjoyeatingfastfoodverymuch.However,fastfooddoesmoreharmthangood.Actually,fastfoodisusuallylowinnutritionandcan'tberegardedasabalanceddiet.Ifweeatitforalongtime,itwillhaveabadinfluenceonourbody.Therefore,itisstronglysuggestedthatwekeepahealthyandbalanceddiet.Itishightimethatweshouldgiveupfastfood.Let'stakegoodcareofourbody.Thankyou.階段強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練11練案[29]Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2025·臨沂一模)WatfordandherfamilyhavelivedinCurtisBay,Baltimoreforgenerations.Hercommunityhasfacedenvironmentalinjustice.Heavyindustriescontinuedtomoveinhercommunity.Asaresult,herneighborshavehadtolivewithseriousrespiratory(呼吸的)problems.Whensheknewaplantobuildthenation'slargesttrash-burningincinerator(焚化爐)lessthanamileawayfromherhighschool,sherealizedshehadtotakeaction.Theincineratorwasbeingsoldwronglyasclean,renewableenergyequipmentbutactuallyitwouldbeasourceofbrain-damagingchemicalsandwouldrelease200milliontonsofgreenhousegasesperyear,bothworsethancoalburning.Watfordfeltshehadaresponsibilitytowarnhercommunitytoworktogethertoshutthisplantdown.Sheco-foundedFreeYourVoice(FYV),a10-personstudentorganizationdevotedtocommunityrightsandsocialjustice.Together,theydecidedtostartacampaigntotakedownEnergyAnswers,theincinerator'sdeveloper.Theywentdoor-to-doortalkingtoneighborsandorganizingprotests.WhenitwasdiscoveredthatBaltimoreCityPublicSchools(BCPS)wasgoingtobeacustomerofEnergyAnswers,theorganizationfoughtwiththeboardandpresentedtheircase,urgingBCPStowithdrawfromtheproject.BCPSwasconvincedtocanceltheircontract,whichinturninspired22othercustomerstodothesame.Withoutanyfinancialgain,EnergyAnswershadnomarkettomoveforwardwithitsplan.WatfordcontinuestoworkwithCurtisBayresidentstowardfairdevelopment.Theyhaveavisionforthefuturewhichincludesbuildingazero-wastemovement,asolarfarm,andgreenjobs.Shewantstheentirehumanfamilytojointhefightforenvironmentaljusticebecausesurvivalasaspeciesdependsonourabilitytotakeaction.語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀：本文主要敘述了沃特福特與她所在的社區(qū)如何合作反對(duì)建造一座焚化爐并成功阻止該項(xiàng)目的故事，且提出了推動(dòng)環(huán)保發(fā)展的未來(lái)愿景。1．WhatcausedrespiratoryproblemsinWatford'scommunity?A．Poormedicalcare.B．Terribleenvironmentalconditions.C．Constantbacterialinfection.D．Unbalanceddistributionofresources.解析：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Heavyindustriescontinuedtomoveinhercommunity.Asaresult,herneighborshavehadtolivewithseriousrespiratory(呼吸的)problems.”可知，沃特福特的社區(qū)因?yàn)橹毓I(yè)的入駐而面臨著環(huán)境問(wèn)題，導(dǎo)致鄰居們不得不忍受嚴(yán)重的呼吸難題。故選B。2．WhatisWatford'sattitudetobuildingtheincinerator?A．Unfavorable.B．Doubtful.C．Unclear.D．Indifferent.解析：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“...actuallyitwouldbeasourceofbrain-damagingchemicalsandwouldrelease200milliontonsofgreenhousegasesperyear,bothworsethancoalburning.”可知，實(shí)際上它將成為釋放損害腦部的化學(xué)物質(zhì)的源頭，且比煤炭燃燒還要糟糕。此處表明沃特福德對(duì)建造焚燒爐持反對(duì)態(tài)度。故選A。3．Whatcanweinferfromtheresultoftheircampaign?A．BCPSlostfinancialsupport.B．EnergyAnswersstoppeditsplan.C．Theinvestorsfoundnewmarket.D．Manycustomersrevisedtheircontracts.解析：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的“Withoutanyfinancialgain,EnergyAnswershadnomarkettomoveforwardwithitsplan.”可知，由于沒(méi)有任何財(cái)務(wù)收益，EnergyAnswers無(wú)法推進(jìn)其計(jì)劃，由此可推知，因?yàn)槲痔馗Ｌ睾退膱F(tuán)隊(duì)的活動(dòng)，EnergyAnswers停止了它的計(jì)劃。故選B。4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ATeenageHeroAgainstUrbanPollutionB．ATeenageHeroFightingforanAdvancedCityC．ABattleforBaltimore'sSkybyaTeenageHeroD．TheSocialJusticeChallengeforaTeenageHero解析：C標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要講述了沃特福特是如何為自己的城市巴爾的摩的干凈天空進(jìn)行斗爭(zhēng)的。只有C項(xiàng)體現(xiàn)了文章主旨且與情節(jié)貼切。故選C。B(2025·廣西一模)Let'ssayyou'reinthefarfutureandyou'relookingforevidenceofpreviouscivilizations.Wherewouldyoulook?Thefirstplacewouldbeintherocks.Rockskeeptime.Recently,thediscoveryofrocksmadefromplasticdebris(碎片)inBrazil'svolcanicTrindadeIslandissparkingalarm.Meltedplastichasbecometwistedwithrocksontheisland,whichresearcherssayisevidenceofhumansgrowinginfluenceovertheEarth'sgeologicalcycles.Plasticrockshavebeenpreviouslyfoundinvariouspartsoftheworld.Researchersdocumentedplastiglomerates—rock,sandandotherdebrisfusedtogetherbymeltedplastic—inHawaiiin2014,forinstance.Anotherhuman-madeandplastic-basedrockispyroplastics.Describedin2019fromtheshoresofCornwallinsouthwestBritain,pyroplasticsformfromburnedplasticwaste.Inlaboratoryexperimentswithwhiteorcoloredplasticpieces,ifburned,theplasticmeltsandformsagrayorblackmass,resemblingatfirstglancearockypebble.AccordingtogeophysicistDouglasJerolmack,“allaroundtheworldwherethere'strashbeingopenlyburnedinmassquantities,youcanimaginethereareevenlargermeltedplasticdepositswhereplastiglomeratescouldform”．“Plasticpollutionmakingitswayintotheformationofrockssuggestshumansarehavinganeffectonwhatwaspreviouslyconsideredanaturaloccurrence，”saidSantos,whoalongwithothersiscontinuingresearchintoplasticpollutiononTrindadeIsland.“Thisisnewandterrifyingatthesametime,becausepollutionhasreachedgeology，”Santostoldthemedia.Thefindingofplasticrocksalsosuggests,someexpertssay,thatanewgeologicalepochhasbegun:theAnthropoceneepoch.Regardlessofwhetherthisrepresentsanewepoch,Santossaid,“thepollution,thegarbageintheseaandtheplasticdumpedincorrectlyintheoceansarebecominggeologicalmaterialpreservedintheEarth'sgeologicalrecords.”Theresearchersareyetunsureoftheenvironmentalimpactsofplasticrocks.Burnedplasticcancontainhighconcentrationsofpotentiallytoxicelements,likeleadandchromium,derivedfromthepigmentsusedtodyetheplasticmaterial.Buriedintheground,plastichasthepotentialtosurvivemillionsofyearsandevenenterthegeologicalrecord.語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀：本文主要說(shuō)明了塑料污染進(jìn)入巖石的形成過(guò)程，從而產(chǎn)生“塑料巖石”。5．Whydoesthewriterraiseaquestioninthefirstparagraph?A．Tointroducethetexttopic.B．Totestthereaders'knowledge.C．Topresentastudyfinding.D．Toraisethereaders'awareness.解析：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thefirstplacewouldbeintherocks.Rockskeeptime.”和最后一句“Meltedplastichasbecometwistedwithrocks...Earth'sgeologicalcycles.”以及后文可知，文章開(kāi)頭作者通過(guò)提問(wèn)并給出答案(巖石是人類文明的證據(jù))引出一項(xiàng)報(bào)道，說(shuō)明人類對(duì)地球地質(zhì)循環(huán)的影響越來(lái)越大；由此可推知，首段主要起引出文章話題的作用，介紹塑料進(jìn)入巖石形成“塑料巖石”。故選A。6．Whatcanweknowaboutplastiglomerates?A．Theyarerarelyseenintherocks.B．Theylooklikerockypebblesifburned.C．Theyarewhiteorcoloredplasticpieces.D．Themoretrashisburnt,themoretheywillbe.解析：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“allaroundtheworldwherethere'strashbeingopenlyburnedinmassquantities,youcanimaginethereareevenlargermeltedplasticdepositswhereplastiglomeratescouldform”可知，地球物理學(xué)家認(rèn)為燃燒大量垃圾的地方會(huì)有形成“塑料巖石”的熔化塑料沉積物。由此可推知，垃圾燒得越多，熔化塑料沉積物就越多。故選D。7．Whatcanweinferfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Plasticpollutionhasgreatlychangedtheformationofrocks.B．Theimpactsthatplasticrocksbringstillneedsomefurtherstudy.C．Geologicalmaterialspreservehuman'sirresponsiblebehaviortoenvironment.D．Buriedplasticinthegroundisunlikelytosurviveafterenteringthegeologicalrecord.解析：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Theresearchersareyetunsureoftheenvironmentalimpactsofplasticrocks.”可知，研究人員還不確定“塑料巖石”對(duì)環(huán)境的影響。由此可推知，“塑料巖石”所帶來(lái)的影響還需要進(jìn)一步研究。故選B。8．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．PlasticRocks：TheRootoftheEnvironmentalImpactsB．PlasticRocks：TheGeologicalRecordofHumanDevelopmentC．PlasticRocks：TheMarkersWe'reLayingDowninDeepTimeD．PlasticRocks：TheNewGeologicalMaterialsWe'reUnsureof解析：C標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹塑料進(jìn)入巖石從而形成“塑料巖石”，并有可能存活數(shù)百萬(wàn)年，甚至進(jìn)入地質(zhì)記錄。C項(xiàng)(“塑料巖石”：我們?cè)跁r(shí)間深處留存的標(biāo)志)為最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。C(2025·鄭州一模)Manynewsreportsfocusonclimatechangethesedays.Extremeheat,wildfires,floods,homelesspolarbears...Howdoyoufeelwhenreadingworryingnewsaboutclimatechange?Youmaybelievethatpeoplearebecominginsensitivetothewarmingplanet,acceptingthatitisonlygettingworse.AresearchteamatPennsylvaniaStateUniversity，U.S.,reportedotherwise.Torecordhowthenewscanimpactpeople'semotions,participantswerefirstexposedtonegativenewsstoriesaboutclimatechangeforthreedays.Theythencontinuedtoreadnegativenewsheadlinesforsevendays.Inthefirstthreedays,theparticipantsexperiencedgreaterfearandlesshope,whichcanpotentiallyhurtanaudience'sbeliefthattheycandoanythingtotackletheproblem.However,duringtheseven-day-longexposure,thefearpeakedandthenheldsteady(穩(wěn)定的).“Wesawtheoppositepatterninoursecondstudy.Themoreexposurepeoplehadtothesethreateningnewsstorieseachday,themorelikelytheyaretothinkthattheycanmakeadifferenceintacklingclimatechange，”ChristoferSkurka,thepaper'sleadauthortoldthePennsylvaniaStateUniversitywebsite.Accordingtotheresearchers,onepossibilityisthatwhenthepublichearsaboutclimatechangethreats,theymayconvincethemselvesthattheyhavecontroloverthesituation.Theywillthenbelievethattheiractionsmaymakeadifference.Knowingthateveryoneisabletohelpisonlythefirststep.Accordingtoastudythatanalyzedinformationfrom430differentstudies,whatmotivatespeoplethemosttochangetheirbehaviorissocialcomparison.Forexample,ifaperson'sneighborsfollowalow-carbonlifestyle,suchasdrivingelectriccars,thepersonmayfeelsocialpressureandbecomemorelikelytofollowthisbehavior.Thishappensbecausepeopleusuallyjudgetheirownbehaviorandfollowsocialnorms(規(guī)范).Anothereffectivemotivationisprovidingfinancialrewardstoconsumers,helpingthemsavemoney.“Therearesomanyroutestoourgoals，”MatthewGoldberg,theco-authorofthestudy,toldScientificAmerican.AsGoldbergpointedout,futureresearchlikethiscanhelppolicymakersdecidehowbesttoencouragepeopletowardmoreclimate-friendlyhabits.語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀：本文主要介紹了公眾讀到氣候變化威脅的負(fù)面新聞的反應(yīng)，并介紹了鼓勵(lì)氣候友好型行為的方法。9．Howdidtheparticipantsreacttonegativenewsinthesecondstudy?A．Theyfoundthenewsunbelievable.B．Theylosthopeintacklingclimatechange.C．Theyexperiencedgreaterfearforthefuture.D．Theyfeltastrongsenseofsocialresponsibility.解析：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Themoreexposurepeoplehadtothesethreatening...tacklingclimatechange”可知，在第二項(xiàng)研究中，參與者面對(duì)負(fù)面新聞，認(rèn)為自己可以在應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化方面有所作為，即他們感受到強(qiáng)烈的社會(huì)責(zé)任感。故選D。1