高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1山東省泰安某中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ANewYear’sTraditionsAroundtheWorldMOSTOFusspendthefinalsecondsofcalendaryearswatchingageodesicspheredescendoverTimesSquareinNewYorkCity.With60,000spectatorsgatheringtoseetheballdrop,ifbeingoneofthemisonyourbucketlist,beforewarned:Therearenobathrooms,andtogetagoodview,you’lllikelyneedtosnagyourspot(andstartholdingit)around3p.m.ANOTHERAmericanNewYear’stradition:watchingcollegefootballwithfourbigbowlgamesovertheholiday.RoseBowls,onJan.1,isprecededbytheRoseParade,withsome50floatsadornedwithILLUSTRATIONBYflowers.NEWYEAR’SEveinScotlandisknownasHogmanay.ItstartswithaparadethroughEdinburghonDec.30,followedbyahousecleaningknownastheRedding.Thenduring“firstfooting,”friendsandfamilyvisiteachotheraftermid-nighttobecomethefirsttosetfootineachother’shomesinthenewyear.THESCOTTISHsong“AuldLangSyne”issungthroughouttheEnglish-speakingworld.Itstitletranslatesto“oldlongsince”andtheopeninglineis“Shouldauldacquaintancebe”...thoughrevelersbeltoutthiswronglyriceveryyear.IT’SCONSIDEREDgoodluckinSpanish-speakingnationstoeat12grapesorraisinsatmidnight—onewitheachclockchime—onJan.1.Germansgoformarzipanshapedlikepigs,thankstothephrase“schweingehabt”(literally,“havingapig”),whichmeanshavinggoodluck.1.ThosewhowanttoexperiencetheNewYearCountdownonTimesSquareinNewYorkCityareremindedto________.A.bewareofafallingballfromaboveB.nottousethebathroomsthereC.NottobelostinthelargecrowdsD.D.occupyapositionwellinadvance2.Whichcountryassociategoodluckwithpigs?A.Estonia. B.Spain. C.Germany. D.France.3.WhichisatraditionofScotlandtocelebratetheNewYear?A.Visitingafriendasearlyaspossibleaftermidnight.B.Singingaclassicsongthroughoutwithwronglyrics.C.Holdingaparadewithfloatsdecoratedwithflowers.D.Eating12grapesattheverybeginningofthenewyear.【答案】1.D2.C3.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了世界各地的新年傳統(tǒng)。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“MOSTOFusspendthefinalsecondsofcalendaryearswatchingageodesicspheredescendoverTimesSquareinNewYorkCity.

With60,000spectatorsgatheringtoseetheballdrop,ifbeingoneofthemisonyourbucketlist,beforewarned:Therearenobathrooms,andtogetagoodview,you’lllikelyneedtosnagyourspot(andstartholdingit)around3p.m.(在歷年的最后幾秒鐘，我們大多數(shù)人都會(huì)看著一個(gè)測(cè)地線球在紐約時(shí)代廣場(chǎng)上空落下。有6萬(wàn)名觀眾聚集在一起觀看水晶球降落，如果成為其中一員在你的愿望清單上，預(yù)先提醒你：那里沒(méi)有洗手間，而且為了能有好的視野，你可能需要在下午3點(diǎn)左右就搶占并守住你的位置。)”可知，那些想在紐約時(shí)代廣場(chǎng)體驗(yàn)新年倒計(jì)時(shí)的人被提醒要提前占好位置。故選D項(xiàng)。【2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Germansgoformarzipanshapedlikepigs,thankstothephrase“schweingehabt”(literally,“havingapig”),whichmeanshavinggoodluck.(德國(guó)人喜歡吃形狀像豬的杏仁蛋白糖，這是因?yàn)槎陶Z(yǔ)“schweingehabt”(字面意思是“擁有一頭豬”)，意思是好運(yùn)。)”可知，德國(guó)將好運(yùn)與豬聯(lián)系在一起。故選C項(xiàng)。【3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“NEWYEAR’SEveinScotlandisknownasHogmanay.ItstartswithaparadethroughEdinburghonDec.30,followedbyahousecleaningknownastheRedding.

Thenduring“firstfooting,”friendsandfamilyvisiteachotheraftermidnighttobecomethefirsttosetfootineachother’shomesinthenewyear.(在蘇格蘭，新年前夜被稱為Hogmanay。首先是12月30日在愛(ài)丁堡舉行的游行，然后是被稱為“雷丁”的大掃除。然后在“初訪”期間，朋友和家人會(huì)在午夜過(guò)后互相拜訪，成為新的一年里第一個(gè)踏入彼此家門的人。)”可知，在午夜過(guò)后盡早去拜訪朋友是蘇格蘭慶祝新年的一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)。故選A項(xiàng)。BJaredwasmyregularhiking,ice-climbingandmountain-bikingfellow.Wewereonanovernighttrip,justasinglenight,andwhathe’dbroughtfordinnerwasthis:Rice.Literallynothingelse.Thiswasnotaresultofhimtryingtopackaslightaspossible,norwasitbecausehewasbroke.Hewasn’t.Itriedtoconvincehimtoatleastputsoysauce(醬油)onit.Butno,Jaredwasn’thavingabarofit.“Idon’tneedit,”hesaidflatly.Now,ifhewastalkingonlyaboutoutdoors’meals,I’dalmostgetit.Whenyou’reravenousafteradayofburningoffcalorieswalkingorclimbingorbackcountryskiinginthemountains,howawesomedothingstaste!Iknowwhatyou’rethinking;it’ssimplythat,asthesayinggoes,hungeristhebestsauce.AndIagree.Absolutely.Butthere’smoretoitthanthat.Lastmonth,Iwentdownthecoastcarcampingwithmyfamily.Onemorning,mywifemadeastatement.“Idon’tseethepoint,”shesaid.“It’ssomuchwork,camping.Buttheviewsathomearebetter.Thebedsaremorecomfortable.It’smorepeaceful.Andathome,thefoodisbetter.”I’lladmitshe’srightaboutthefirstthree.Butthefood?Wehadasimplepastaonenight,snagsanother,chickencurrythethird,buttheyalltastedgood.Betterthanathome.Anditwasn’tsimplythatwewerehungry;itwasbecausewewerecamping.TherealpointIwanttogettoisthatmealslargelytastesogoodwhenI’mcampingbecauseI’mremindedofsomethingseasilyforgottenathome,whereIcansimplygotothecupboard,orthesupermarket,andgetwhatevertakesmyfancy.Life,whenyou’recamping,isreducedtoitsessentials,andIamremindedofhowluckymostofusaretobedryandwarmandfed.Moreimportantly,Iamremindedthatsadly,andinfactunforgivably,notallofusare.AndIamremindedthatwe,asasociety,shoulddobetterforthem.4.WhydidJaredbringonlyricefordinneronthetrip?A.Hedidn’tlikesoysauce. B.Hepreferredtotravellight.C.Hecouldn’taffordabettermeal. D.Heenjoyedsimpleoutdoormeals.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ravenous”inthethirdparagraphmean?A.Tired. B.Starving. C.Fulfilled. D.Refreshed.6.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofcamping?A.Itisatestofadaptability. B.Itisachancetoenjoygoodfood.C.Itisareminderofthegoodlifehehas. D.Itisabondingexperienceforhisfamily.7.Whatmakestheauthorsadaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Somepeoplelackthebasicnecessitiesoflife.B.Somepeoplefailtoappreciatewhattheyhave.C.Peopleeasilyforgetthebeautyofsimplethings.D.Peopleeasilyquitcampingduetoitsdiscomfort.【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章通過(guò)講述作者朋友旅行只帶米飯以及家人露營(yíng)的經(jīng)歷，闡述了露營(yíng)時(shí)食物美味的原因，還引發(fā)了對(duì)生活的思考?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thiswasnotaresultofhimtryingtopackaslightaspossible,norwasitbecausehewasbroke.

Hewasn’t.Itriedtoconvincehimtoatleastputsoysauceonit.Butno,Jaredwasn’thavingabarofit.‘Idon’tneedit,’hesaidflatly.(這并不是因?yàn)樗M量輕裝上陣，也不是因?yàn)樗頍o(wú)分文。他不是。我試圖說(shuō)服他至少在米飯上加點(diǎn)醬油。但不行，賈里德根本不同意。“我不需要，”他直截了當(dāng)?shù)卣f(shuō))”可知，賈里德堅(jiān)持只吃米飯，不是因?yàn)樗M量輕裝上陣，不是因?yàn)樗麤](méi)錢吃不起更好的飯菜，文中也沒(méi)有明確表示他不喜歡醬油，所以，他只吃米飯是因?yàn)樗矚g簡(jiǎn)單的戶外餐食。故選D項(xiàng)。【5題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在部分“Whenyou’reravenousafteradayofburningoffcalorieswalkingorclimbingorbackcountryskiinginthemountains,howawesomedothingstaste!Iknowwhatyou’rethinking;it’ssimplythat,asthesayinggoes,hungeristhebestsauce.(當(dāng)你在山里徒步、爬山或野外滑雪消耗了一天的卡路里后感到ravenous時(shí)，食物嘗起來(lái)是多么美味??！我知道你在想什么；俗話說(shuō)，饑餓是最好的調(diào)味品)”中“afteradayofburningoffcalories”和“hungeristhebestsauce”可推知，經(jīng)過(guò)一天的卡路里消耗后，會(huì)感到饑餓，食物會(huì)變得美味。故“ravenous”的意思是“饑餓的”，與B項(xiàng)“Starving”同義。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“TherealpointIwanttogettoisthatmealslargelytastesogoodwhenI’mcampingbecauseI’mremindedofsomethingseasilyforgottenathome,whereIcansimplygotothecupboard,orthesupermarket,andgetwhatevertakesmyfancy.Life,whenyou’recamping,isreducedtoitsessentials,andIamremindedofhowluckymostofusaretobedryandwarmandfed.(我真正想說(shuō)的是，當(dāng)我在露營(yíng)時(shí)，食物的味道很大程度上是如此的好，因?yàn)槲蚁肫鹆艘恍┰诩依锖苋菀淄浀臇|西，在家里我可以簡(jiǎn)單地去櫥柜或超市，買到我喜歡的任何東西。當(dāng)你在露營(yíng)時(shí)，生活只剩下最基本的東西，我想起我們大多數(shù)人都是多么幸運(yùn)，能保持干燥、溫暖和吃飽)”可知，作者認(rèn)為露營(yíng)能讓他想起在家里很容易忘記的東西，想起自己所擁有的美好生活。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Life,whenyou’recamping,isreducedtoitsessentials,andIamremindedofhowluckymostofusaretobedryandwarmandfed.Moreimportantly,Iamremindedthatsadly,andinfactunforgivably,notallofusare.AndIamremindedthatwe,asasociety,shoulddobetterforthem.(當(dāng)你在露營(yíng)時(shí)，生活只剩下最基本的東西，我想起我們大多數(shù)人都是多么幸運(yùn)，能保持干燥、溫暖和吃飽。更重要的是，我想起了可悲的、事實(shí)上不可原諒的是，并非所有人都如此。我想起作為一個(gè)社會(huì)，我們應(yīng)該為他們做得更好)”可知，作者想到并非所有人都能保持干燥、溫暖和吃飽，作者因?yàn)橄氲揭恍┤巳狈旧畋匦杵范械诫y過(guò)。故選A項(xiàng)。CSurgeonsoftenemphasizethatintheeventofaheartattack,timeiscrucialforsavingheartmuscle.Theheartreliesonacontinuoussupplyofoxygendeliveredbytheheart’sbloodvessels(血管).Whenthesevesselsbecomeblocked,theoxygensupplystops,andtheheart'smusclecellsbegintodiewithinminutes.Survivorsofheartattacksfrequentlysufferfrompermanentheartfailure,withaworryingstatisticshowingthat50%ofthemmaynotsurvivebeyondfiveyears.“Eventually,theirheartsbecomesoweakthattheycan'tsustainsufficientbloodflow,andtheyultimatelystop,”explainsSanjaySinha,acardiologistatAddenbrooke’sHospitalinCambridge.However,withinthenextfiveyears,therecouldbeanewalternative—togrowlive,beating“heartpatches”(補(bǔ)丁).Sinha,alongwithateamofbiologistsattheUniversityofCambridge’sStemCellInstitute,isworkingonthisinnovativeapproach.Theseheartpatchesaretiny,beatingpiecesofheartmuscle.Theyaregrowninlabdishesoveramonth.Theprocessbeginsbytakingbloodcellsandreprogrammingthemintoaspecifictypeofstemcellcapableofdevelopingintoanycelltypewithinthehumanbody.Sinhaiscurrentlypreparingtotestthesepatches,firstinmiceandtheninpigs.Ifsuccessful,hehopestosetupahumantrialwithinfiveyears.IntheUnitedStates,scientistsfromStanfordUniversityarealsoworkingoncreatingheartpatches.TheyenvisionafutureprocedurewhereultrasoundandMRI(超聲波和核磁共振)scansareusedtoidentifydamagedsections.Basedontheshapeofthesection,acustomheartpatchwouldbe3Dprintedtofitperfectly.Surgeonswouldthenopenthechestareaandattachthepatchdirectlytotheheart.Themajorchallengewiththismethodisestablishing“electricalconnectivity”betweenthenewpatchandtheexistinghearttoensuretheybeatinharmony.Additionally,thecostofdevelopingandusingthesepatchesissignificant,whichcouldimpactaccessibility.However,ifthesechallengescanbeovercome,Sinhaisoptimisticthatheartpatchescouldtransformthelivesofmillionsworldwide.8.WhatisthefunctionofparagraphI?A.Torevealafinding. B.Toofferasolution.C.Topresentaproblem. D.Tooutlinearesearch.9.Whatisthefirststepingrowingheartpatches?A.Launchingaclinicaltrialinhumans.B.Testingtheheartpatchesonanimals.C.Culturingheartpatchesinlabdishes.D.Generatingstemcellsfrombloodcells.10.WhatisthepurposeofusingultrasoundandMRIscans?A.Tocreatea3Dmodeloftheheart.B.Tolocatedamagedareasintheheart.C.Todesigntheshapeofthecustomheart.D.Toprovidereal-timeguidanceforoperations.11.Whatisthemajorchallengeinemployingheartpatches?A.Promotingglobalaccessibility. B.Reducingproductioncosts.C.Securingfunctionalintegration. D.Findingasuitablematerial.【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了關(guān)于治療心臟病的一種新方法——培育“心臟補(bǔ)丁”的研究進(jìn)展。【8題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Survivorsofheartattacksfrequentlysufferfrompermanentheartfailure,withaworryingstatisticshowingthat50%ofthemmaynotsurvivebeyondfiveyears.“Eventually,theirheartsbecomesoweakthattheycan'tsustainsufficientbloodflow,andtheyultimatelystop,”explainsSanjaySinha,acardiologistatAddenbrooke’sHospitalinCambridge.(心臟病發(fā)作的幸存者經(jīng)常遭受永久性心力衰竭，一項(xiàng)令人擔(dān)憂的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，其中50%的人可能活不過(guò)5年。劍橋阿登布魯克醫(yī)院的心臟病專家桑杰·辛哈解釋說(shuō)：“最終，他們的心臟變得非常虛弱，無(wú)法維持足夠的血液流動(dòng)，最終停止跳動(dòng)?！?”可知，本段通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)揭示了當(dāng)前心臟病治療后的嚴(yán)峻問(wèn)題，為后文介紹“心臟補(bǔ)丁”解決方案做鋪墊。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theprocessbeginsbytakingbloodcellsandreprogrammingthemintoaspecifictypeofstemcellcapableofdevelopingintoanycelltypewithinthehumanbody.(這個(gè)過(guò)程首先是將血液細(xì)胞重新編程為一種特定類型的干細(xì)胞，這種干細(xì)胞能夠在人體內(nèi)發(fā)育成任何類型的細(xì)胞)”可知，培育心臟補(bǔ)丁的第一步是從血細(xì)胞中生成干細(xì)胞。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“TheyenvisionafutureprocedurewhereultrasoundandMRI(超聲波和核磁共振)scansareusedtoidentifydamagedsections.(他們?cè)O(shè)想了一種未來(lái)的程序，利用超聲波和核磁共振掃描來(lái)識(shí)別受損部位)”可知，使用超聲波和核磁共振掃描的目的是定位心臟受損部位。故選B項(xiàng)。【11題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Themajorchallengewiththismethodisestablishing“electricalconnectivity”betweenthenewpatchandtheexistinghearttoensuretheybeatinharmony.(這種方法的主要挑戰(zhàn)是在新的貼片和現(xiàn)有心臟之間建立“電連接”，以確保它們和諧地跳動(dòng))”可知，使用心臟貼片的主要挑戰(zhàn)是確保補(bǔ)丁與原有心臟的電信號(hào)同步，即功能整合。故選C項(xiàng)。DSomepeoplethinktheyareimmunetoads.Theymightnothaveheardofthemereexposureeffect—apsychologicalphenomenonwherewetendtolikethingsthemoreweareexposedtothem.Whenweplotthemereexposureeffectonagraphwithpreferencesononeaxis(軸)andrepetitionsontheother,wewillseethatittakesabout15repeatsfortheeffecttoreachitsfullpotential.Iftheexposureistooexcessive(過(guò)度),peoplegetannoyed.Andiftheydidn’tlikethethinginitially,repeatingitcanmakeitworse.Therearetwomainexplanationsforthephenomenon.Thefirstiscertainty.Ourmindsnaturallylearntobecarefularoundnewthingsthatcouldpotentiallyharmus.Ifweseesomethingrepeatedlywithoutbadconsequences,weareledtobelieveitissafe.Thesecondisperceptual(知覺(jué)的)fluency.Wearealsohardwiredtoprefersimplethingsthattakelittlementalload.Difficulttaskslikefiguringoutsomethingnewtakelotsofattentionandtime,whichiswhywetrytoavoidthem.KnownfordiscoveringtheeffectwaspsychologistRobertZajonc,whotestedhowsubjectsrespondedtospecificsymbols.Agroupofpeoplewereshownaseriesofrandomshapeswhichchangedsoquicklythatitwasimpossibletonoticethatsomewererepeated.Whenthesubjectswereaskedwhichshapestheyfoundmostpleasing,theychosethosetowhichtheyhadbeenexposedthemostoften,eventhoughtheyhadnoconsciousawarenessofthat.Theresultsshowedthatchangesinpreferencescausedbyrepeatedexposuresdependnotonanypriorsubjectiveandconsciousevaluationsofthestimulusbutratheronresultsfromtheobjectivehistoryofexposuresalone.Nowtelluswhatyouthinkaboutads.Ifmereexposuretothemmakesuslikethingsweotherwisewouldn’t,shouldbillboards(廣告牌)bebannedfromthepublicarea?12.Whichofthefollowinggraphsbestillustratesthemereexposureeffect?A. B.C. D.13.AccordingtoZajonc’sexperiment,whatdriveschangesinpreferences?A.Randomvariation. B.Objectiveanalysis.C.Subjectivejudgment. D.Subconsciousfamiliarity.14.Whichactivityshowstheapplicationofthemereexposureeffect?A.Anovelistorganizesabooksigningevent.B.Agamestudiodevelopsachallengingmode.C.Asingerbuyshotrecommendationsonamusicapp.D.Afashionbrandreintroducescertainclassicdesigns.15.Whydoestheauthormentionadsattheendofthetext?A.Tocriticizefakeadvertising. B.Toopposeoutdooradvertising.C.Topointoutthedrawbacksofads. D.Tocautionagainsttheinfluenceofads.【答案】12.A13.D14.C15.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹單純曝光效應(yīng)，包括其原理、實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證及在廣告中的體現(xiàn)，最后提醒警惕廣告影響?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Whenweplotthemereexposureeffectonagraphwithpreferencesononeaxis(軸)andrepetitionsontheother,wewillseethatittakesabout15repeatsfortheeffecttoreachitsfullpotential.Iftheexposureistooexcessive(過(guò)度),peoplegetannoyed.Andiftheydidn'tlikethethinginitially,repeatingitcanmakeitworse.(當(dāng)我們?cè)谝粋€(gè)以偏好為一個(gè)軸，重復(fù)次數(shù)為另一個(gè)軸的圖表上繪制單純曝光效應(yīng)時(shí)，我們會(huì)看到大約需要重復(fù)15次這種效應(yīng)才能充分發(fā)揮作用。如果曝光過(guò)于頻繁，人們會(huì)感到厭煩。而且如果他們一開(kāi)始就不喜歡某樣?xùn)|西，不斷重復(fù)它會(huì)讓情況變得更糟。)”可知，一開(kāi)始隨著重復(fù)次數(shù)增加，偏好會(huì)上升，到大約15次達(dá)到最大，之后過(guò)度曝光偏好會(huì)下降；而討厭的情況下，不斷重復(fù)它會(huì)讓情況變得更糟。A圖符合這一變化趨勢(shì)。故選A?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Agroupofpeoplewereshownaseriesofrandomshapeswhichchangedsoquicklythatitwasimpossibletonoticethatsomewererepeated.Whenthesubjectswereaskedwhichshapestheyfoundmostpleasing,theychosethosetowhichtheyhadbeenexposedthemostoften,eventhoughtheyhadnoconsciousawarenessofthat.(向一群人展示了一系列隨機(jī)的形狀，這些形狀變化得非常快，以至于人們不可能注意到有些形狀是重復(fù)的。當(dāng)受試者被問(wèn)及他們最喜歡哪些形狀時(shí)，他們選擇了那些他們接觸最頻繁的形狀，盡管他們沒(méi)有意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)。)”以及第五段“Theresultsshowedthatchangesinpreferencescausedbyrepeatedexposuresdependnotonanypriorsubjectiveandconsciousevaluationsofthestimulusbutratheronresultsfromtheobjectivehistoryofexposuresalone.(結(jié)果表明，由重復(fù)曝光引起的偏好變化并不取決于對(duì)刺激的任何先前的主觀和有意識(shí)的評(píng)估，而僅僅取決于客觀的曝光歷史結(jié)果。)”可知，是潛意識(shí)里的熟悉度驅(qū)動(dòng)了偏好的變化，而不是隨機(jī)變化、客觀分析或主觀判斷。故選D。【14題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Theymightnothaveheardofthemereexposureeffect—apsychologicalphenomenonwherewetendtolikethingsthemoreweareexposedtothem.(他們可能沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)純粹的暴露效應(yīng)，這是一種心理現(xiàn)象，我們接觸的東西越多，就越喜歡。)”可知，單純曝光效應(yīng)是指我們接觸某事物越多就越傾向于喜歡它。所以C選項(xiàng)Asingerbuyshotrecommendationsonamusicapp.(一位歌手在音樂(lè)應(yīng)用程序上購(gòu)買熱門推薦)，通過(guò)在應(yīng)用程序上不斷地讓用戶看到推薦，也就是增加曝光次數(shù)，利用了單純曝光效應(yīng)讓用戶可能喜歡上歌手的歌曲。故選C?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Nowtelluswhatyouthinkaboutads.Ifmereexposuretothemmakesuslikethingsweotherwisewouldn't,shouldbillboards(廣告牌)bebannedfromthepublicarea?(現(xiàn)在告訴我們你對(duì)廣告的看法。如果僅僅是接觸廣告就能讓我們喜歡上我們?cè)静粫?huì)喜歡的東西，那么廣告牌是否應(yīng)該被禁止出現(xiàn)在公共區(qū)域呢？)”可知，作者提出這樣的疑問(wèn)，是在提醒人們要警惕廣告僅僅通過(guò)曝光就對(duì)我們產(chǎn)生的影響，而不是批評(píng)虛假?gòu)V告、反對(duì)戶外廣告或者指出廣告的缺點(diǎn)。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Travelersoftenfilltheirsuitcaseswithsouvenirslikerefrigeratormagnets,keychainsandpostcards.___16___Now,thosevisitingtheItalianlakesidetownofComohaveanother,slightlylessconventionalitemtobringhome:asealedcanofLakeComoair.ItalyComunica,acommunicationscompany,isselling13.5-ouncecansof“pureairfromthemostbeautifullakeintheworld”forroughly$11(€9.90)each.___17___Theyfeatureadarkbluelabelwithanillustrationofaboatcruisingthroughthewater.“Openitwheneveryouneedamomentofescape,tranquility,orsimplybeauty,”instructsthewebsite.“OnlythosewhovisitLakeComocanwanttobuyoursouvenir;memoriesarenotboughtbutlived.”SittingatthebaseoftheAlps,LakeComoisalargebodyofwaterinItaly’snorthernLombardyregion.___18___Manycelebritiesownsecondhomesinthesurroundingarea,andnumerousmovieshavebeenfilmedthere.___19___Cleverbusinesspeoplehavebeensellingsimilarproductsfordecades.Inmountaintownsandotherhigh-elevationdestinations,“oxygeninacan”issometimesmarketedasanantidote(緩解物)toaltitudesickness,despitelittlescientificevidencetosupportthatclaim.Anybenefitsfromcannedairarelikelyduetotheplacebo(安慰劑)effect,expertssay.AlessandroRapinese,themayorofComo,saysthathewouldrathervacationersboughtsilkscarves,whichtheregionisknownfor,orothersouvenirs.However,headds:“___20___Justmakesuretotakebeautifulmemoriesofthisareaaswell.”A.It’sthebestsouveniroption.B.Ithasbecomeapopularvacationdestination.C.Souvenirshavealongandfascinatinghistory.D.Theselittleitemsserveasremindersoftheirvacation.E.Ifsomeonewantstotakesomeairhome,that’sperfectlyfine.F.Thecansaremarketedas“l(fā)uxurious”souvenirsontheproductwebsite.G.Thisisnotthefirsttimecannedairhasbeenmarketedtotourists,though.【答案】16.D17.F18.B19.G20.E【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了意大利科莫湖邊小鎮(zhèn)售賣罐裝科莫湖空氣作為紀(jì)念品的情況，還提到了其他類似罐裝空氣的產(chǎn)品以及科莫市市長(zhǎng)對(duì)此的看法。【16題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Travelersoftenfilltheirsuitcaseswithsouvenirslikerefrigeratormagnets,keychainsandpostcards.(旅行者通常會(huì)在行李箱里塞滿紀(jì)念品，比如冰箱貼、鑰匙鏈和明信片。)”可知，旅行者常帶冰箱貼、鑰匙鏈和明信片等紀(jì)念品，D選項(xiàng)Theselittleitemsserveasremindersoftheirvacation.(這些小物件能讓他們想起自己的假期。)進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明了這些紀(jì)念品的作用，承接上文。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“ItalyComunica,acommunicationscompany,isselling13.5-ouncecansof“pureairfromthemostbeautifullakeintheworld”forroughly$11(€9.90)each.(通訊公司ItalyComunica正在出售一罐13.5盎司的“來(lái)自世界上最美麗湖泊的純凈空氣”，每罐售價(jià)約為11美元（9.90歐元）。)”以及下文“Theyfeatureadarkbluelabelwithanillustrationofaboatcruisingthroughthewater.“Openitwheneveryouneedamomentofescape,tranquility,orsimplybeauty,”instructsthewebsite.(它們有一個(gè)深藍(lán)色的標(biāo)簽，上面有一艘船在水中巡航的插圖。網(wǎng)站上寫道：“當(dāng)你需要逃離、寧?kù)o或單純的美麗時(shí)，就打開(kāi)它?！?”可知，這里是在介紹這種罐裝空氣作為紀(jì)念品的營(yíng)銷方式，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)Thecansaremarketedas“l(fā)uxurious”souvenirsontheproductwebsite.(這些罐子在產(chǎn)品網(wǎng)站上被當(dāng)作“奢華”的紀(jì)念品來(lái)營(yíng)銷。)起到上下文的承上啟下作用，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)上文“SittingatthebaseoftheAlps,LakeComoisalargebodyofwaterinItaly’snorthernLombardyregion.(科莫湖位于阿爾卑斯山的山腳下，是意大利北部倫巴第地區(qū)的一大片水域。)”以及下文“Manycelebritiesownsecondhomesinthesurroundingarea,andnumerousmovieshavebeenfilmedthere.(許多名人在附近地區(qū)擁有第二套住宅，許多電影都在那里拍攝。)”可知，科莫湖的地理位置以及很多名人在周邊有第二居所且很多電影在此拍攝，說(shuō)明它是一個(gè)受歡迎的度假勝地，B選項(xiàng)Ithasbecomeapopularvacationdestination.(它已成為一個(gè)受歡迎的度假勝地。)起到上下文的承上啟下作用，符合文意。故選B項(xiàng)。【19題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Cleverbusinesspeoplehavebeensellingsimilarproductsfordecades.Inmountaintownsandotherhigh-elevationdestinations,“oxygeninacan”issometimesmarketedasanantidote(緩解物)toaltitudesickness,despitelittlescientificevidencetosupportthatclaim.(聰明的商人幾十年來(lái)一直在銷售類似的產(chǎn)品。在山區(qū)城鎮(zhèn)和其他高海拔地區(qū)，“罐裝氧氣”有時(shí)被推銷為治療高原反應(yīng)的解藥，盡管幾乎沒(méi)有科學(xué)證據(jù)支持這種說(shuō)法。)”可知，這里是說(shuō)售賣罐裝空氣不是第一次了，之前就有類似產(chǎn)品，G選項(xiàng)Thisisnotthefirsttimecannedairhasbeenmarketedtotourists,though.(不過(guò)，這并不是罐裝空氣第一次被推銷給游客。)符合語(yǔ)境，下文是對(duì)空格處內(nèi)容的語(yǔ)意遞進(jìn)。故選G項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)上文“AlessandroRapinese,themayorofComo,saysthathewouldrathervacationersboughtsilkscarves,whichtheregionisknownfor,orothersouvenirs.However,headds:(科莫市長(zhǎng)亞歷山德羅?拉皮內(nèi)斯（AlessandroRapinese）表示，他寧愿度假者買絲巾或其他紀(jì)念品，因?yàn)樵摰貐^(qū)以絲巾聞名。然而，他補(bǔ)充道：)”可知，市長(zhǎng)更希望游客買當(dāng)?shù)赜忻慕z巾或其他紀(jì)念品，但他也有補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，E選項(xiàng)Ifsomeonewantstotakesomeairhome,that’sperfectlyfine.(如果有人想帶一些空氣回家，那也完全沒(méi)問(wèn)題。)符合市長(zhǎng)的態(tài)度，傳達(dá)了他接受空氣這一選擇的立場(chǎng)。故選E項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Onafallday,mywifeandIwentboatingontheBlackfootRiver.Iwasexcitedaboutthetripbecauseitwouldallowmetoforgetmy____21____.Atnoon,werestedonabank.____22____thescenery,webarelyrealizedtheapproachingdanger.Thenthreelarge____23____emergedfromtheforest:ahugemamabearwithtwobabies.Theywerelessthan100feetawayacrosstheriver,farcloserthantherecommended____24____distance.Icouldfeel____25____reacheddeepintomystomach.Timestoodstill.Then,Igrabbedthebearspray(噴霧)andwewalkeddownriverto____26____ourselves.“Hey,bear!”Isaid,“Wearenothereto____27____you.”Atthatmoment,Ithoughtthemamabearwould____28____acrosstheriver,coveringthe100feetinseconds.AlthoughIknewhowtousethespray,Ididn'tthinkIcoulduseit____29____.Tooursurprise,themamabear_____30_____drankwaterfromtheriver.Whenonebabywanderedjustafewstepsaway,shequickly_____31_____him.Justliketheir_____32_____appearance,theyweregone,disappearingintotheforest.Wereturnedtoourboat,lostin_____33_____.Thisencounter_____34_____me,makingmydailyconcernsseeminsignificantinthelargercontextofourplanet.Theexperience,thefear,andmy_____35_____asahumanhavechangedmyperspectiveontheworldforever.21.A.concerns B.principles C.passions D.secrets22.A.Tiredof B.Absorbedin C.Lookinginto D.Reflectingon23.A.signs B.pictures C.targets D.shapes24.A.social B.safe C.average D.constant25.A.fear B.surprise C.thrill D.courage26.A.relax B.corner C.dismiss D.distance27.A.bathe B.tease C.bother D.pet28.A.sail B.float C.charge D.wander29.A.inadvance B.atrandom C.atpeace D.intime30.A.probably B.simply C.naturally D.certainly31.A.rescued B.abandoned C.fetched D.examined32.A.timely B.inappropriate C.unexpected D.regular33.A.awe B.shock C.regret D.calmness34.A.astonished B.humbled C.refreshed D.fueled35.A.limitations B.responsibilities C.advantages D.virtues【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.B25.A26.D27.C28.C29.D30.B31.C32.C33.A34.B35.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者和妻子在Blackfoot河上劃船時(shí)遇到熊的經(jīng)歷，以及這次經(jīng)歷對(duì)作者人生觀的影響?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我對(duì)這次旅行很興奮，因?yàn)樗梢宰屛彝浳业膿?dān)憂。A.concerns擔(dān)憂；B.principles原則；C.passions激情；D.secrets秘密。根據(jù)上文“Iwasexcitedaboutthetripbecauseitwouldallowmetoforgetmy”及下文“Thisencounter_______me,makingmydailyconcernsseeminsignificantinthelargercontextofourplanet.可推知，作者希望通過(guò)旅行忘記擔(dān)憂。故選A?！?2題詳析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：我們沉浸在風(fēng)景中，幾乎沒(méi)有意識(shí)到危險(xiǎn)正在逼近。A.Tiredof厭倦；B.Absorbedin沉浸于；C.Lookinginto調(diào)查；D.Reflectingon反思。根據(jù)上文“Atnoon,werestedonabank.”及下文“webarelyrealizedtheapproachingdanger”可推知，作者和妻子沉浸在景色中，沒(méi)有注意到危險(xiǎn)。故選B。【23題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這時(shí)，森林里出現(xiàn)了三個(gè)巨大的身影：一只巨大的熊媽媽帶著兩個(gè)孩子。A.signs標(biāo)志；B.pictures圖片；C.targets目標(biāo)；D.shapes形狀。根據(jù)下文“ahugemamabearwithtwobabies”可推知，熊的“形狀”從森林中出現(xiàn)。故選D?！?4題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：它們?cè)诤訉?duì)岸不到100英尺的地方，比建議的安全距離近得多。A.social社交的；B.safe安全的；C.average平均的；D.constant持續(xù)的。根據(jù)上文“Theywerelessthan100feetawayacrosstheriver,farcloserthantherecommend”可推知，100英尺低于建議的“安全”距離。故選B?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我能感覺(jué)到恐懼深深地鉆進(jìn)了我的胃里。A.fear恐懼；B.surprise驚訝；C.thrill興奮；D.courage勇氣。根據(jù)下文“Timestoodstill.Then,Igrabbedthebearspray(噴霧)andwewalkeddownriverto______ourselves.”可推知，作者感到很“恐懼”。故選A?！?6題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，我拿起防熊噴霧劑，我們順流而下，好讓自己保持距離。A.relax放松；B.corner逼入角落；C.dismiss解散；D.distance拉開(kāi)距離。根據(jù)上文“Then,Igrabbedthebearspray(噴霧)andwewalkeddownriverto”可推知，作者他們順流而下，是為了與熊“拉開(kāi)距離”。故選D。【27題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“嘿，熊！”我說(shuō)，“我們不是來(lái)打擾你們的?！盇.bathe洗澡；B.tease戲弄；C.bother打擾；D.pet撫摸。根據(jù)上文“Wearenothereto”可推知，作者想表示自己不是來(lái)“打擾”熊的。故選C。【28題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在那一刻，我以為熊媽媽會(huì)沖過(guò)河，幾秒鐘內(nèi)就能跨過(guò)100英尺。A.sail航行；B.float漂??；C.charge沖鋒；D.wander徘徊。根據(jù)下文“acrosstheriver,coveringthe100feetinseconds”可推知，作者擔(dān)心熊會(huì)快速“沖”過(guò)來(lái)。故選C?！?9題詳析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：雖然我知道如何使用噴霧，但我不認(rèn)為我能及時(shí)使用它。A.inadvance提前；B.atrandom隨機(jī)地；C.atpeace平靜地；D.intime及時(shí)地。根據(jù)上文“acrosstheriver,coveringthe100feetinseconds”可推知，作者以為熊媽媽會(huì)快速?zèng)_過(guò)來(lái)，擔(dān)心無(wú)法“及時(shí)”使用噴霧。故選D。【30題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：令我們驚訝的是，熊媽媽僅僅從河里喝水。A.probably可能；B.simply僅僅；C.naturally自然地；D.certainly肯定地。根據(jù)上文“Tooursurprise,”及下文“drankwaterfromtheriver”可推知，熊媽媽沒(méi)有沖過(guò)來(lái)，而“僅僅”從河里喝水。故選B?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)一只小熊走開(kāi)幾步時(shí)，她迅速帶回了他。A.rescued救援；B.abandoned拋棄；C.fetched帶回；D.examined檢查。根據(jù)下文“Justliketheir_______appearance,theyweregone,disappearingintotheforest.”可推知，母媽媽“帶回”了小熊，消失在森林里。故選C。【32題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：就像它們意想不到的出現(xiàn)一樣，它們消失了，消失在森林中。A.timely及時(shí)的；B.inappropriate不合適的；C.unexpected意外的；D.regular常規(guī)的。根據(jù)上文“Thenthreelarge______emergedfromtheforest:ahugemamabearwithtwobabies.”可推知，熊的出現(xiàn)是“意外的”。故選C。【33題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們回到船上，心中充滿了敬畏。A.awe敬畏；B.shock震驚；C.regret遺憾；D.calmness平靜。根據(jù)下文“Thisencounter_______me,makingmydailyconcernsseeminsignificantinthelargercontextofourplanet.”可推知，作者對(duì)這次經(jīng)歷感到“敬畏”。故選A?！?4題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這次相遇使我謙卑，使我的日常擔(dān)憂在我們這個(gè)星球的大背景下顯得微不足道。A.astonished驚訝；B.humbled謙卑；C.refreshed刷新；D.fueled激發(fā)。根據(jù)下文“makingmydailyconcernsseeminsignificantinthelargercontextofourplanet”可推知，這次經(jīng)歷讓作者感到“謙卑”。故選B?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這種經(jīng)歷、恐懼和我作為人類的局限性永遠(yuǎn)改變了我對(duì)世界的看法。A.limitations局限性；B.responsibilities責(zé)任；C.advantages優(yōu)勢(shì)；D.virtues美德。根據(jù)上文“Theexperience,thefear,andmy”及下文“asahumanhavechangedmyperspectiveontheworldforever”可推知，作者在經(jīng)歷這次事件后，意識(shí)到了人類在面對(duì)自然時(shí)的“局限性”，這種局限性改變了他對(duì)世界的看法