第一節(jié)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致第一講動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)一

動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)1.3種熱考時(shí)態(tài)(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)①表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與頻度副詞(always、often、usually、sometimes、everyday/week/month/year、frequently、once/twiceaweek等)或表示現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Atyphoonisanextremelystrongwindwhich/thatoften

(happen)intheWesternPacificOcean.(人教必一U4)

臺(tái)風(fēng)是一種極強(qiáng)的風(fēng),經(jīng)常發(fā)生在西太平洋。happensLife

(throw)manyalternativesatusonadailybasis.(外研選四U1)

生活每天都會(huì)向我們拋出許多選擇。②表示客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理或名言警句。Distance

(test)ahorse’sstrength.

路遙知馬力。[點(diǎn)撥]

在主從復(fù)合句中,當(dāng)從句表達(dá)的是客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理時(shí),即使主句時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí),從句時(shí)態(tài)仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。throwstestsMonthsagowesailedtenthousandmilesacrossthisopensea,whichisthePacific,andwemetnostorms.幾個(gè)月前,我們?cè)谔窖筮@片開闊的海域航行了一萬(wàn)英里,沒有遇到風(fēng)暴。③少數(shù)表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞,如come、go、leave、arrive、start、begin、takeplace、takeoff等,常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí),表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Thetrain

(leave)atsixtomorrowmorning.

火車明天早上六點(diǎn)出發(fā)。leaves④在時(shí)間、條件、讓步以及方式狀語(yǔ)從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。Sofar,itisstillunknownwhatwillhappentoZhongZhongandHuaHuaasthey

(grow)up.(北師大選三U9)

到目前為止,還不知道“中中”和“華華”長(zhǎng)大后會(huì)發(fā)生什么。Janeisdeterminedtoliveafulfillinglifewhateverthefuture

(hold).(外研選三U6)

無(wú)論未來(lái)如何,簡(jiǎn)下定決心都要過(guò)充實(shí)的生活。growholds(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)①表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻、某一時(shí)間段內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(yesterday、lastyear、lastnight、theotherday、justnow、then、twodaysago、in1999、atthattime等)連用。Infact,we

(stay)atthesamecampsiteaswedidtenyearsago.(外研必一U3)

事實(shí)上,我們?nèi)匀淮诤褪昵耙粯拥臓I(yíng)地。stayed②表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常與always、often、sometimes、asusual等連用。I

(be)alwaystiredandeveryworkout

(have)amentalintensitythatseemedtoomuchformosttohandle.(北師大選一U2)

我總是疲憊不堪,每次鍛煉帶來(lái)的心理壓力對(duì)于大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)都難以應(yīng)對(duì)。washad③在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。HehadworkedinEnglandforsomeyearsandthathewasfeduptotheneckwiththiswarandwouldbegladwhenit

(be)over.(北師大選四U11)

他在英國(guó)工作過(guò)幾年,受夠了這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),如果戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束,他會(huì)很高興。was④want、wonder、think、hope等少數(shù)幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)表示“過(guò)去原本……”。I

(think)Chinawouldbeverycrowded,givenitslargepopulation.(人教選二U4)

考慮到中國(guó)人口眾多,我原以為中國(guó)會(huì)非常擁擠。thought⑤一般過(guò)去時(shí)的常用固定句式·Itis(high/about)timethat...意為“是……的時(shí)候了”,從句中可用一般過(guò)去時(shí),也可用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,且should不可省略。Itishightimethatwe

(take)actionwithoutdelay.

現(xiàn)在是我們立即采取行動(dòng)的時(shí)候了。took/shouldtake·since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句時(shí)態(tài)常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。Dunhuanghasonceagainbecomeaglobalcrossroadssinceit_______(host)hundredsofrepresentativesfrom51countriesfortheSilkRoadInternationalCulturalExpoin2017.(外研選四U3)

自2017年絲綢之路國(guó)際文化博覽會(huì)接待了來(lái)自51個(gè)國(guó)家的數(shù)百名代表以來(lái),敦煌再次成為全球的交匯點(diǎn)。hosted·Itwas+時(shí)間段+before...意為“過(guò)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間后才……”,從句時(shí)態(tài)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。However,itwasseveralmonthsbeforeherankle

(recover)andshefoundwalkingeasyagain.(人教選二U5)

然而,幾個(gè)月后,她的腳踝才恢復(fù)正常,她終于又能輕松走路了。recovered(3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)①表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果,或說(shuō)話時(shí)剛剛完成的動(dòng)作。常與recently、lately、upto/tillnow、sofar、inthepast/lastfewmonths/years...等連用。Recently,I

(manage)tobecomeamoreactivelearner.(北師大必三U9)

最近,我成功地成為一個(gè)更積極的學(xué)習(xí)者。havemanaged②表示從過(guò)去開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),往往和“for...”“since...”等表述的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。GrowingupinEnglandwithaBritishfatherandaChinesemother,I

(enjoy)foodfrombothcountrieseversinceIwasabletoholdaknifeandfork—andchopsticks!(外研必二U1)

我在英國(guó)長(zhǎng)大,父親是英國(guó)人,母親是中國(guó)人。自我能拿起刀叉還有筷子時(shí),我就一直享受這兩個(gè)國(guó)家的食物![點(diǎn)撥]

在條件和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來(lái)完成時(shí)。haveenjoyed③現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的常用固定句式·“This/Itisthefirst/second...time+that...”句型中,從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。ThisisthefirsttimethatI

(speak)atthemeeting.

這是我第一次在會(huì)上發(fā)言。·“This/Itisthe+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞+that...”句型中,從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。ThisisthebestsongthatI

ever

(hear).

這是我聽過(guò)的最好聽的一首歌曲。havespokenhaveheard·“Itis/hasbeen+時(shí)間段+since...”句型中,since引導(dǎo)的從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(注意從句動(dòng)詞翻譯)。It

(be)fiveyearssincehebegantosmoke.(從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組)

自從他開始吸煙已經(jīng)5年了。It

(be)fiveyearssincehesmoked.(從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組)

他不抽煙已經(jīng)5年了。is/hasbeenis/hasbeen一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別

一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同可與表示過(guò)去的具體時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如yesterday、an

hour

ago、two

days

ago、last

week/month/year、in

2019?？膳c籠統(tǒng)的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如already、yet、recently、lately、never、ever、before、in

the

past/last

few

years。

一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同只限于表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作本身,與現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果無(wú)關(guān)。They

went

to

London

last

week.他們上周去了倫敦。(強(qiáng)調(diào)去倫敦發(fā)生在上周)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生并延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),或過(guò)去發(fā)生且已結(jié)束的動(dòng)作,但對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了一定影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果。He’s

always

had

a

square

jaw,but

now

he

has

grown

a

beard.(強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有胡子了)他以前一直是方下巴,但現(xiàn)在留了胡子。2.過(guò)去完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)過(guò)去完成時(shí)①表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),即過(guò)去的過(guò)去。Pulitzerquicklybecameasuccessfuljournalistandbytheageof25,he

(become)apublisher.(譯林選二U1)

普利策很快成為一名成功的記者,25歲時(shí),他已成為一名出版商。hadbecome②在“hardly/scarcely...when...”“nosooner...than...”句型結(jié)構(gòu)中,主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí),且常用部分倒裝,從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí),意為“剛……就……”。Hardly

thetopofthemountainwhenweenjoyedanawesomeviewofthewholecity.

我們剛爬到山頂,就欣賞到了整個(gè)城市的壯麗景色。hadwereached③某些詞用于過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法,意為“本來(lái)期望/認(rèn)為/打算……”。這類動(dòng)詞主要有:expect、hope、plan、suppose、think、intend、mean、want等。FailuretaughtmethingsaboutmyselfthatIcouldhavelearntnootherway.IdiscoveredthatIhadastrongwill,andmoredisciplinethanI

(expect).

失敗讓我了解了自己,這是我無(wú)法從其他途徑學(xué)到的。我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己有堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志和超乎想象的自律。hadexpected④在“It/Thiswasthefirst(second,etc.)time+that從句”句型中,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Thoughitwasthefirsttimemanyofthestudents

(take)partinavolunteerprogrammelikethis,theywereeagertosharevariousinterestingtopicswiththeresidents,suchashowtousemobilephonesandgoonlineonthecomputer.(譯林選二U1)

雖然這是許多學(xué)生第一次參加這樣的志愿者項(xiàng)目,但他們渴望與居民分享各種有趣的話題,例如如何使用手機(jī)和在電腦上上網(wǎng)。hadtaken一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別

一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同有yesterday、the

day

before

yesterday、an

hour

ago、last

week/month/year、in

2018等。通常是與by或before有關(guān)的短語(yǔ),如by

that

time、by

the

end

of

yesterday、before

then等。

一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)針對(duì)的時(shí)間點(diǎn)不同針對(duì)現(xiàn)在而言,描述發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作。It

was

my

mother’s

birthday

ten

years

ago,and

I

decided

to

surprise

her

with

home-made

scrambled

eggs.(外研必一U3)十年前我媽媽的生日的那天,我決定自己做一個(gè)炒蛋給她驚喜。(be和decide的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去)針對(duì)過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻而言,表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。By

the

time

of

his

death

in

1884,he

had

made

important

discoveries

about

genetics.(外研選一U5)到1884年他去世時(shí),他已經(jīng)在遺傳學(xué)方面有了重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)。(make的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在1884年之前,即過(guò)去的過(guò)去)(2)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)①表示開始于過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。這一動(dòng)作可能剛完成,也可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去。它所表示的動(dòng)作具有持續(xù)性、暫時(shí)性和未完成性,多用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。常與thesedays、recently、lately、inthepast/last+時(shí)間段;since+時(shí)間點(diǎn);for+時(shí)間段等連用。TheBrownleebrothers

(do)triathlonssincetheywerechildren.(外研必一U3)

布朗利兄弟從小就參加鐵人三項(xiàng)。havebeendoing②表示重復(fù)性動(dòng)作,有時(shí)其所表示的動(dòng)作并不是一直在進(jìn)行,而是時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)、反復(fù)發(fā)生,此時(shí)可用終止性動(dòng)詞。Evenifyou

(study)foralongtimeandfeelingsleepyandbored,laughingcanmakeyoufeelenergisedasifyouhadjusthadanap!(北師大選二U4)

即使你學(xué)習(xí)了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,感到困倦無(wú)聊,大笑也會(huì)讓你感到精力充沛,就像剛睡了一覺一樣!havebeenstudying現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的比較

用法例句區(qū)別1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去某個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果I

have

thought

it

over.我已經(jīng)仔細(xì)考慮過(guò)這件事了?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的未完成性I

have

been

thinking

it

over.我一直在仔細(xì)考慮這件事。

用法例句區(qū)別2現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不表示動(dòng)作的反復(fù)Have

you

met

him

recently?你最近見過(guò)他嗎?現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的反復(fù)Have

you

been

meeting

him

recently?你最近經(jīng)常見他嗎?區(qū)別3現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往只說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)、一種影響或結(jié)果,不帶有感情色彩I

have

waited

for

you

for

three

hours.我已等了你三個(gè)小時(shí)。(說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí))現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示某種感情色彩I

have

been

waiting

for

you

for

three

hours.我已經(jīng)等了你三個(gè)小時(shí)了。(暗含不滿的語(yǔ)氣)3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)(1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)①表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。GrandfatherandFather,seatedatthetable,

(play)chess.(外研必一U3)

爺爺和爸爸坐在桌子旁下棋。areplaying②某些表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞,如go、come、leave、arrive、start、move等,可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示即將發(fā)生或計(jì)劃要做的動(dòng)作。I

(travel)aroundEuropefortwoweekswithmyauntanduncle.(人教必一U2)

我要和我的嬸嬸叔叔去歐洲旅行兩周。amtravelling[點(diǎn)撥]

(2)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)①表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作(這一過(guò)去時(shí)間需用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示)。與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)相對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有:while、then、atthattime、atthistimeyesterday等。Interestingly,DoylewrotesomeofhisearlyHolmesstorieswhilehe

(wait)forpatientsinhismedicalpracticeinLondon.(外研選四U1)

有趣的是,道爾早期的一些福爾摩斯故事是他在倫敦行醫(yī)等待病人時(shí)寫的。waswaiting②表示過(guò)去計(jì)劃或安排在將來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(只限于plan、come、go、leave、arrive、start、move、sail、fly、travel、stay等)。ButIhadnotbeeninformedthatthey

(come)fortheweekend.(人教選二U3)

但他們沒有告知我要來(lái)過(guò)周末。werecoming(3)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間里正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與at8:00amtomorrow、inthenexttwomonths等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。I’mgoingonatripsoon.I

(work)intheUnitedStatesforthreemonths.(北師大選二U4)

我很快就要出差了,要在美國(guó)工作三個(gè)月。willbeworking4.一般將來(lái)時(shí)和過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(1)一般將來(lái)時(shí)①表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與tomorrow、inthefuture、beforelong、tomorrowevening、nextweek/month/year、in+時(shí)間段、after+時(shí)間點(diǎn)等連用。Thisbookistoolong,soI

(read)ittomorrow!

這本書太長(zhǎng)了,所以我明天再讀它!willread②一般將來(lái)時(shí)的其他表達(dá)形式及含義表達(dá)形式意義例句be

going

to

do表示現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)?lái)要做的事He

is

going

to

watch

this

musical

with

his

girlfriend

on

the

weekend.(人教必三U5)他打算周末和女朋友一起觀看這部音樂劇。表示有跡象表明將要發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生的事There

are

dark

clouds

in

the

sky.It

looks

like

it

is

going

to

rain.(譯林選三U3)天空中有烏云?？雌饋?lái)要下雨了。表達(dá)形式意義例句be

about

to

do表示快要做某事,一般不與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用It

seems

that

the

workplace

is

about

to

witness

massive

changes.(譯林選四U3)工作場(chǎng)所似乎即將見證巨大的變化。be

to

do表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作What

I

want

to

do

this

weekend

is

to

prepare

for

the

coming

exam.(人教選三U1)這個(gè)周末我想做的事情是為即將到來(lái)的考試做準(zhǔn)備。表示職責(zé)、義務(wù)、意圖、可能性等Their

plan

is

to

be

a

failure.他們的計(jì)劃注定要失敗。表達(dá)形式意義例句現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)少數(shù)瞬間動(dòng)詞如go、come、leave、arrive、begin的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常與表將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,表示預(yù)計(jì)即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作We

are

arriving

at

9:30

a.m.and

will

start

sightseeing

right

away,so

I

hope

we

sleep

well

on

the

train!

(人教必一U2)我們將在上午9:30到達(dá)并立即開始觀光,所以我希望我們能在火車上睡個(gè)好覺!一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)表示將來(lái)確定會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(已安排或計(jì)劃好的動(dòng)作)The

train

leaves

at

six

tomorrow

morning.火車明天早上六點(diǎn)離開。在條件、時(shí)間、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中When

she

comes,I

will

tell

her

the

truth.當(dāng)她到來(lái)時(shí),我會(huì)把真相告訴她。③一般將來(lái)時(shí)的常用固定句式·Itwillbe+一段時(shí)間+before...意為“要過(guò)多久才……”,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

wemeetthemagain.我們還需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能再次見到他們?！て硎咕?and/or/otherwise+陳述句(通常用一般將來(lái)時(shí))

thedooroffaithopenbeforeyou.關(guān)上你身后的恐懼之門,你就會(huì)看到信心之門在你面前打開。ItwillbealongtimebeforeClosethedooroffearbehindyou,andyouwillsee(2)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。這種時(shí)態(tài)常用于賓語(yǔ)從句或間接引語(yǔ)中。除了使用“would+動(dòng)詞原形”表示外,還可以用begoingtodo、betodo、beabouttodo等方式表示。Yet,veryfewpeopleknewthatfutureavatars

(have)suchawidevarietyofformsanduses.(北師大必二U4)

然而,很少有人知道,未來(lái)的虛擬形象會(huì)有如此多樣的形式和用途。wouldhave考點(diǎn)二

動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)1.各種時(shí)態(tài)中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are+過(guò)去分詞am/is/are+being+過(guò)去分詞have/has+been+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去時(shí)was/were+過(guò)去分詞was/were+being+過(guò)去分詞had+been+過(guò)去分詞將來(lái)時(shí)shall/will

be+過(guò)去分詞-shall/will+have

been+過(guò)去分詞2.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法(1)不知道或沒有必要指明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者Aboxoftissues

(need)togetthroughthisbook!(外研選四U2)

讀完這本書需要一盒紙巾!(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者People’slives

(change)byonlinecommunitiesandsocialnetworks.(人教必二U3)

人們的生活被在線社區(qū)和社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)所改變。willbeneededhavebeenchanged[點(diǎn)撥]

不能使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況①不及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),如happen、occur、fail、remain、spread、take

place、break

out、come

true等。Thediseasespreadseasily.這種疾病容易傳播。②某些動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),如benefit、fit、lack、contain、join、last、arrive

at/in、agree

with、look

like、consist

of、suffer

from、succeed

in等。Thisdrinkdoesn’tcontainanyalcohol.這種飲料不含任何酒精。③表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),如have、own、belong

to等。Theredpenbelongs

tome.這支紅色的鋼筆屬于我。④賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Weoftenhelpeachother.我們經(jīng)常互相幫助。主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的4種情況系動(dòng)詞,如:smell、taste、feel、look、sound、prove等后接形容詞作表語(yǔ),用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。This

kind

of

wool

shirt

feels

soft.這種羊毛衫摸起來(lái)很軟。表示主語(yǔ)的某種屬性特征或功能的動(dòng)詞,如:read、write、sell、wash、clean等,常與well、badly、easily、smoothly等副詞連用,用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Have

you

bought

the

book

that

sells

well

these

days?你買了最近銷售得很好的那本書了嗎?某些與can’t、won’t等連用的不及物動(dòng)詞,如open、shut、move等,用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。The

door

won’t

shut.這扇門關(guān)不上。少數(shù)不及物動(dòng)詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí),其主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,如burn、cook、fall、open、close等。The

meat

is

cooking.肉正在燉著?？键c(diǎn)三

主謂一致3原則1.語(yǔ)法一致原則(1)動(dòng)詞-ing形式(短語(yǔ))、不定式(短語(yǔ))、從句、不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。Askingquestions

(be)theeasiestwaytopromoteactivelearning.(北師大必三U9)

提問(wèn)是促進(jìn)主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)的最容易的方法。isTokeepthebusinessgoing

(be)ourshort-termgoal.(譯林必二U1)

使生意繼續(xù)下去是我們的短期目標(biāo)。Whatweseeonthecinemascreen

(be)justthetipofthehugeicebergoffilm-making.(譯林必二U1)我們?cè)谟霸恒y幕上看到的也只是電影制作這座巨大冰山的一角而已。isis(2)主語(yǔ)后跟with、togetherwith、aswellas、like、but、except、alongwith、ratherthan等連接的單詞或短語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與連接詞前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致。Thefootballcoachaswellashisteammembers

(interview)fortheirperformanceshortlyafterthematch.(譯林必二U1)

比賽結(jié)束后不久,足球教練和他的隊(duì)員們就他們的表現(xiàn)接受了采訪。wasinterviewed(3)and、both...and...連接兩個(gè)不同的主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;但是如果由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞表示同一個(gè)人或物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Thesingeranddancer

(be)toattendoureveningparty.

那位歌舞演員將參加我們的晚會(huì)。is(4)定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與先行詞保持一致。Hewho

(learn)butdoesnotthinkislost.Hewho_________(think)butdoesnotlearnisingreatdanger.(北師大必三U9)

學(xué)而不思則罔,思而不學(xué)則殆。learnsthinks(5)“manya/morethanone+單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。each、every、no所修飾的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),即使由and連接,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。Morethanonegenerationofschoolchildren

(amaze)byhisbraveryandhisscientificapproachtolookingforthetruth.(外研必三U3)

數(shù)代學(xué)生都嘆服于他的勇氣與追尋真理時(shí)采用的科學(xué)手段。hasbeenamazedAccordingtothelaw,everymanandwoman

(enjoy)equalrights.(譯林必二U1)

根據(jù)法律,每個(gè)男人和女人都享有平等的權(quán)利。(6)“the+形容詞”表示一類人,在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Theyoung

(be)determinedtomakeasignificantcontributiontoournation.(譯林必二U1)

年輕人決心為我們的國(guó)家做出重大貢獻(xiàn)。enjoysare(7)表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、金額等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或短語(yǔ)通常作為一個(gè)整體看待,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。Twohours

(seem)veryshortwhenyou’rehavingsomuchfun!(譯林必二U1)

當(dāng)你沉浸其中時(shí),兩個(gè)小時(shí)似乎太短了!seems2.意義一致原則(1)集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),若被看作一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;若被看作構(gòu)成集體的一個(gè)個(gè)成員,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的集體名詞有:family、class、team、group、public、committee、government、audience、enemy等。Theenemy

(hide),readytoattacktheAlliedsoldiersevenbeforetheyreachedland.(外研選三U3)

敵人隱藏起來(lái),準(zhǔn)備在盟軍登錄前攻擊他們。werehiding(2)“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)/themajority+of+名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后名詞的數(shù)以及其表示的意義;all、some、half、most、therest等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語(yǔ)實(shí)際表達(dá)的意義。Aboutonethirdofthebooks

(write)byhim.(譯林必二U1)

這些書中大約有三分之一是他寫的。werewritten3.就近一致原則(1)由or、either...or...、neither...nor...、notonly...butalso...、not...but...等連接的名詞(短語(yǔ))或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)常與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。Eitheryouoroneofyourclassmates

(be)toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.你或者你同學(xué)中的一位要去參加明天召開的會(huì)議。isNotonlyIbutalsoDavidandMatt

(be)interestedinrobots.(譯林必二U1)不僅我而且大衛(wèi)和馬特都對(duì)機(jī)器人感興趣。(2)由there、here引起的主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)通常和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。There

(be)threechairs,adeskandacomputerintheroom.

房間里有三把椅子、一張桌子和一臺(tái)電腦。areare【典例】

Later,Nelson

(award)thePresidentialMedalofFreedominrecognitionofhiswork.

答案

wasawarded

[句意:后來(lái)納爾遜被授予總統(tǒng)自由勛章,以表彰他的工作。句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Later表明這里敘述的是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作,應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí);Nelson與award為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);主語(yǔ)為Nelson,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式,故填was

awarded。]Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.I

(leave)withahugesmileonmyfaceandhappilywentbacktowatchingthesunset.(2025·八省聯(lián)考)

2.Today,morethan70countries

(include)theChineselanguageintheireducationsystems.(2025·八省聯(lián)考)waslefthaveincluded3.TheDuaninkstone,oneofthefourmostfamousinkstonesinChina,

(originate)inthemountainsbytheDuanxiRiverinGuangdongProvince.(2025·宿遷高三三模)

4.Anoptionalcollegecoursenamed“AppreciationoftheJiangxiOpera”

(teach)inapackedhouserecentlyatNanchangUniversity.(2025·南昌高三三模)

5.Thevarietyofsizes

(represent)thedemandforglobesthatstillexiststoday.(2025·齊齊哈爾高三三模)

originatedhasbeentaughtrepresents6.China’shigh-speedrailwaysareasuccessfulexampleofindependentinnovationinourcountry,andtheoveralltechnologicallevelofChina’srailways

(enter)theforefrontoftheworldsofar.(2025·濱州高三二模)

7.ThisSpringFestival,ateamofYinggedancersfromSouthChina’sGuangdongProvince

(invite)totheUK.(2025·新鄉(xiāng)高三三模)

hasenteredwas/wereinvited8.NeartheLudingBridgeconsideredahistoricallandmark________

(stand)amuseum.(2025·濰坊高三二模)

9.TokushimagovernmenthopesthattheDMVbuses

(become)atouristdrawintheirownright.(2025·江淮十校高三三模)

10.Hesaidtheteam

(experiment)withdifferenttypesoffoodproducts,butthemodelstheygotweren’tassuccessful.(2025·南昌高三二模)

standswillbecomehadexperimentedⅡ.語(yǔ)法與寫作1.Thefollowingweeks

eachdaydeterminedtoearnapenny. 在接下來(lái)的幾個(gè)星期里,我每天從學(xué)校飛奔(dash)回家,決心掙一個(gè)便士。2.I

alltheway

home,ashamedofmyneglect.Maybethey

asmyneighbors.回家的路上我哭(sob)得很厲害,為自己的疏忽感到羞愧。也許他們和我的鄰居有同樣的遭遇。sawmedashinghomefromschoolwassobbingterriblyweresufferingfromthesamescene3.Withoutanypreparation,I

Annatightly.

在沒有任何準(zhǔn)備的情況下,我被安娜緊緊地抱住了。4.

togatherinsightson