SectionOne

Unit1:TheNeedofAirConditioning

Unit2:ThermalStorage

Unit3:HistoryofRefrigerationandAirConditioning

Unit1:TheNeedofAirConditioning

NewWords&ExpressionsTextNotestothe

TextExerciseNewWords&Expressions強(qiáng)烈,劇烈,強(qiáng)度hostileadj.敵對(duì)的,敵方的

hostilityn.敵意,惡意,不友善,敵對(duì),對(duì)抗,反對(duì)solelyadv.獨(dú)自地,單獨(dú)地validadj.有效的,有根據(jù)的,正當(dāng)?shù)?正確的tropicaladj.熱帶的,熱情的subtropicaladj.亞熱帶的moderateadj.中等的,適度的,適中的draughtn.拖,拉,一網(wǎng)(魚(yú)),氣流glazev.裝玻璃,上釉,使表面光滑intensityn.NewWords&Expressionsventilationn.通風(fēng),流通空氣統(tǒng)一的,相同的,一致的,均衡的distributionn.分配,分發(fā),vagaryn.狂妄古怪的行為;狂想;變幻莫測(cè)dehumidificationn.除去濕氣condensev.(使)濃縮,精簡(jiǎn)moisturen.潮濕,濕氣ultimaten.最終的事物,最終individualn.adj.個(gè)人,個(gè)體;個(gè)別的,單獨(dú)的,個(gè)人的automaticn.adj.自動(dòng)機(jī)械;自動(dòng)的,無(wú)意識(shí)的,機(jī)械的uniformadj.Text

Humanbeingarebornintoahostileenvironment,butthedegreeof

hostilityvarieswiththeseasonoftheyearandwiththegeographicallocality.Thissuggeststhattheargumentsforairconditioningmightbebasedsolelyonclimaticconsiderations,butalthoughthesemaybevalidintropicalandsubtropicalareas,theyarenotfortemperateclimateswithindustrializedsocialstructuresandrisingstandardsofliving.

人類(lèi)生活在一個(gè)并不舒適的環(huán)境，但是這種不舒適的程度因季節(jié)的變化和地理位置的不同而不同。

看來(lái)空調(diào)設(shè)計(jì)似乎僅僅考慮氣候因素就夠了，雖然這在熱帶和亞熱帶區(qū)域是可行的，但它們并不適合生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不斷提高和工業(yè)化社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)下的溫帶氣候。Text

Briefly，airconditioningisnecessaryforthefollowingreasons.Heatgainsfromsunlightandelectriclighting,inparticular,maycauseunpleasantlyhightemperaturesinrooms,unlesswindowsareopened.Ifwindowsareopened,thenevenmoderatewindspeedscauseexcessive

draughts,becomingworseontheupperfloorsoftallbuildings.簡(jiǎn)而言之，空調(diào)為下列情況所必需。太陽(yáng)光，尤其是電燈照明的熱量，會(huì)使房間內(nèi)的氣溫很高，令人不舒服，這時(shí)就需要打開(kāi)窗戶；而如果窗戶被打開(kāi)，那么即使是中等程度的風(fēng)速也能導(dǎo)致通風(fēng)過(guò)度，較高樓層上的房間情況會(huì)更糟。Text

進(jìn)一步說(shuō)，如果窗戶打開(kāi)，噪聲和灰塵就會(huì)進(jìn)入，令人討厭，尤其是市區(qū)和工業(yè)區(qū)建筑物的最低層情況會(huì)變得更糟糕。通過(guò)開(kāi)窗獲得自然氣流去緩和這種情況，僅限于從玻璃窗向內(nèi)6米的范圍之內(nèi)。

Further,ifwindowsareopened,noiseanddirtenterandareobjectionable，becomingworseonthelowerfloorsofbuildings,particularlyinurbandistrictsandindustrialareas.Inanycase,thereliefprovidedbynaturalairflowthroughopenwindowsisonlyeffectiveforadepthofabout6metersinwardfromtheglazing.Text

Itfollowsthattheinnerareasofdeepbuildingswillnotreallybenefitatallfromopenedwindows.Coupledwiththeneedforhighintensitycontinuouselectriclightinginthesecoreareas,thelackofadequateventilation

meansagooddealofdiscomfortfortheoccupants.1Mechanicalventilationwithoutrefrigerationisonlyapartialsolution.由此得出，事實(shí)上開(kāi)窗對(duì)縱深的建筑物內(nèi)部的區(qū)域是根本無(wú)效。加上這些中心區(qū)域要有高強(qiáng)度長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的照明，缺少足夠的通風(fēng)會(huì)使居住者感到非常不適。不帶制冷的機(jī)械通風(fēng)僅僅只能解決一部分問(wèn)題。Text

Itistruethatitprovidesacontrolledanduniformmeansofairdistribution,inplaceoftheunsatisfactoryresultsobtainedwithopenedwindows(thevagariesofwind,againparticularlywithtallbuildings,producediscontinuousnaturalventilation),buttolerableinternaltemperatureswillprevailonlyduringwintermonths.Formuchofthespringandautumn,aswellasthesummer,theinternalroomtemperaturewillbeseveraldegreeshigherthanthatoutside,anditwillbenecessarytoopenwindowsinordertoaugmentthemechanicalventilation.2機(jī)械的通風(fēng)確實(shí)能提供一個(gè)可控制、均勻的空氣分配，彌補(bǔ)了開(kāi)窗通風(fēng)的缺點(diǎn)（自然風(fēng)難以預(yù)測(cè)，通風(fēng)斷斷續(xù)續(xù)，尤其是在高層建筑），而只有在冬季這樣的室內(nèi)溫度才是適宜的。因?yàn)榇蟛糠执杭竞颓锛荆€有夏季，室內(nèi)溫度比室外溫度高出好幾度，為了彌補(bǔ)機(jī)械通風(fēng)的不足，就需要打開(kāi)窗戶。Text

Thedesignspecificationforacomfortconditioningsystemisintendedtobetheframeworkforprovidingacomfortableenvironmentforhumanbeingsthroughouttheyear,inthepresenceofsensibleheatgainsinsummerandsensibleheatlossesinwinter.Dehumidificationwouldbeachievedinsummerbuttherelativehumidityintheconditionedspacewouldbeallowedtodiminishaswinterapproached.舒適的調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范是為居住者提供全年的舒適環(huán)境，這就要面臨夏季人們明顯的熱量獲得和在冬季明顯的熱量損失的問(wèn)題。在夏季應(yīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)除濕，而當(dāng)冬季接近時(shí)應(yīng)允許減少在空調(diào)環(huán)境中相對(duì)的濕度。Text

Therearetworeasonswhythisisacceptablefirst,

humanbeingsarecomfortablewithinafairlylargerangeofhumidity,fromabout60percenttoabout20percentand,secondlytheuseofsingleglazingwillcausetheinnersurfacesofwindowstostreamwithcondensedmoistureifitisattemptedtomaintaintoohighahumidityinwinter.3理由是，第一，人類(lèi)能在一個(gè)濕度相當(dāng)大的范圍內(nèi)感到舒適，大約從60%到20%；第二，如果想在冬天保持一個(gè)較高的室內(nèi)溫度，蒸汽就會(huì)在單層的玻璃內(nèi)表面上冷凝成水。Text

舒適條件的基本特征是有目地產(chǎn)生一個(gè)對(duì)于大多數(shù)人感到舒適的環(huán)境。絕對(duì)的舒適是永遠(yuǎn)達(dá)不到的，但可對(duì)單個(gè)房間進(jìn)行單個(gè)的自動(dòng)控制。Theessentialfeatureofcomfortconditioningisthatitaimstoproduceanenvironmentwhichiscomfortabletothemajorityoftheoccupants.Theultimateincomfortcanneverbeachieved,buttheuseofindividualautomaticcontrolforindividualrooms.NotestotheTextUnit1NotestotheText1、Coupledwiththeneedforhighintensitycontinuouselectriclightinginthesecoreareas,thelackofadequateventilationmeansagooddealofdiscomfortfortheoccupants.句中coupledwith意為“加上，

外加”例如：Hernamewascoupledwithhis.她的名字與他的連在一起?！璦gooddealofdiscomfortfortheoccupants.其中for為用來(lái)指一個(gè)活動(dòng)的接受者或受益者,如：preparedlunchforus.為我們準(zhǔn)備午餐Unit1NotestotheText句中aswellasadv.=inadditionto除……之外還；和；及（強(qiáng)調(diào)的是前面的部分），例如：I’mlearningFrenchaswallasEnglish.我學(xué)英語(yǔ)之外還學(xué)法語(yǔ)。itwillbenecessarytoopenwindows…,本句屬于“It+謂語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞不定式”這種語(yǔ)形。It作形式主語(yǔ)，toopenwindows動(dòng)詞不定式作真正的主語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句在句中起主語(yǔ)作用，而這一部分用詞較多時(shí)，可用it作為形式主語(yǔ)，放在句首代表其后所說(shuō)的事實(shí)上的、真正的主語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)放在后面。如：Itisdifficulttoclimbamountain.爬山是很艱難的。2、Formuchofthespringandautumn,aswellasthesummer,theinternalroomtemperaturewillbeseveraldegreeshigherthanthatoutside,anditwillbenecessarytoopenwindowsinordertoaugmentthemechanicalventilation.Unit1NotestotheText理由是，第一，人類(lèi)能在一個(gè)濕度相當(dāng)大的范圍內(nèi)感到舒適，大約從60%到20%；第二，如果想在冬天保持一個(gè)較高的室內(nèi)溫度，蒸汽就會(huì)在單層的玻璃內(nèi)表面上冷凝成水。在句中，whythisisacceptablefirst

由why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，why在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。如：Wedon’tknowthereasonwhytheydidn’tcompletetheirproductionplanaccordingtoschedule.我們不知道他們?yōu)槭裁礇](méi)按時(shí)完成生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃。3、Therearetworeasonswhythisisacceptablefirst,humanbeingsarecomfortablewithinafairlylargerangeofhumidity,fromabout60percenttoabout20percentand,secondlytheuseofsingleglazingwillcausetheinnersurfacesofwindowstostreamwithcondensedmoistureifitisattemptedtomaintaintoohighahumidityinwinter.ExerciseDecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothetext:1、Airconditioningisneededtoremove