SectionFive

Unit22:Air-ConditioningandRefrigerationMechanicsUnit23:ReadingJobAdvertisementsUnit24:SeekingEmploymentandAttendingJobInterviewsUnit22:Air-ConditioningandRefrigerationMechanicsNewWords&ExpressionsTextNotestotheTextExerciseNewWords&Expressions號(hào)召；要求；拜訪approximatelyadv.大約，近似地；近于contractorn.承包商；

立約人；合約商dispatchn.vt.

個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)的派遣；急件派遣；分派self-employedadj.repairshop修配車間crampedadj.v.狹窄的；約束atticn.閣樓；頂樓；basementn.地下室；地窖crawlspace窄小空間;槽隙rooftopn.adj.屋頂屋頂上的mountedadj.v.安裝好的；安裝calleduponNewWords&Expressions金屬薄板hazardousadj.冒險(xiǎn)的；碰運(yùn)氣的blueprintn.v.藍(lán)圖；模板繪…的藍(lán)圖；ductworkn.管道系統(tǒng)diagnosevt.vi.診斷；斷定診斷；判斷overhauln.v.大修；拆檢；翻修；hammervi.vt.n.錘擊；敲打鐵錘錘擊wrenchn.vt.vi.扳手，扳鉗扭傷；猛扭snipn.vt.vi剪.剪斷electricdrills電鉆pipecutters截管器；切管機(jī)bendern.彎管機(jī)；彎曲機(jī)acetylenetorches氧乙炔炬；乙快焊炬sheet-metalText

大約有25萬(wàn)9千人擔(dān)任空調(diào)與制冷機(jī)修工。制冷承包商雇傭了大部分的機(jī)修工。空調(diào)與制冷機(jī)修工服務(wù)于食品產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈，學(xué)校，廠商及其它機(jī)構(gòu)。大型空調(diào)系統(tǒng)要雇傭很多機(jī)修工來(lái)維持裝置運(yùn)行。當(dāng)然并非所有機(jī)械師都為他人工作，大約七分之一的人是個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)者。制造商將制冷設(shè)備用于各種不同場(chǎng)合。肉聯(lián)廠和化工生產(chǎn)廠都以某種方式使用制冷工藝。許多生產(chǎn)制造過(guò)程中溫度控制是至關(guān)重要的。Approximately259,000personsworkasair-conditioningandrefrigerationmechanics.Coolingcontractorsemploymostofthesemechanics.Foodchains,schoolsystems,manufacturers,andotherorganizationsusetheservicesofair-conditioningandrefrigerationmechanics.Largeair-conditioningsystemsusemanymechanicstokeeptheequipmentoperational.However,notallmechanicsworkforotherpeople.Aboutoneineverysevenmechanicsisself-employed.Manufacturersuserefrigerationequipmentforavarietyofprocesses.Meatpackersandchemicalmakersuserefrigerationinsomeform.Temperaturecontrolisveryimportantformanymanufacturingprocesses.Text

制冷機(jī)修工在民宅，辦公大樓，工廠工作。哪里需要安裝或維修空調(diào)或制冷，他們就在哪里工作。他們將需要工具和零件帶到工作現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。在維修時(shí)節(jié)，機(jī)修工可能有大量工作要做。無(wú)線電通信和移動(dòng)電話用來(lái)分配工作。如果需要設(shè)備大修，機(jī)械師會(huì)將部件或不能使用的機(jī)械運(yùn)到修配廠。機(jī)修工工作的環(huán)境常常是不舒適的。這是因?yàn)榭照{(diào)或制冷系統(tǒng)發(fā)生故障了。機(jī)械工可能不得不在閣樓，地下室或管線空間等狹窄空間里工作。Mechanicsworkinhomes,officebuildings,andfactories.Theyworkanywherethereisairconditioningorrefrigerationtobeinstalledorserviced.Theybringtothejobsitesthetoolsandpartstheyneed.Duringtherepairseason,mechanicsmaydoconsiderabledriving.Radiocommunicationsandcellphonesmaybeusedtodispatchthemtothejobs.Ifmajorrepairsareneeded,mechanicswilltransportpartsorinoperativemachinerytoarepairshop.Mechanicsworkinbuildingsthatareoftenuncomfortable.Thisisbecausetheair-conditioningorrefrigerationsystemhasfailed.Themechanicmayhavetoworkinacrampedpositioninanattic,abasement,oracrawlspace.Text

將小型制冷設(shè)備安裝在屋頂是習(xí)慣作法。許多系統(tǒng)至少有一個(gè)單元安置在建筑物的屋頂。冷卻塔通常安裝在建筑物的頂部。因此，機(jī)修工常常被要求在高空作業(yè)。在夏季，屋頂常常很熱。這個(gè)行業(yè)產(chǎn)生危險(xiǎn)工種。例如，電擊的危險(xiǎn)；被火灼傷；肌肉拉傷及其它操作重型設(shè)備產(chǎn)生的傷害。Rooftopunitsareacommonpracticeinkeepingsmallerinstallationscool.Manyofthesystemshaveatleastoneunitontheroofofthebuilding.Coolingtowers

areusuallymountedontopofabuilding.Thus,themechanicmaybecalledupontoworkinhighplaces.Insummer,therooftopmaybeveryhot.Thistradedoesrequiresomehazardouswork.Forinstance,therearethedangersofelectricalshock,torchbums,musclestrainsandotherinjuriesfromhandlingheavyequipment.Text

系統(tǒng)安裝工作包括發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，壓縮機(jī)，冷凝裝置，蒸發(fā)器，以及其他部件。這些裝置必須正確安裝。要求機(jī)修工能理解設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書(shū)。大多數(shù)情況下，工程圖紙通常會(huì)標(biāo)明裝置應(yīng)安裝在何處，如何安裝等。能讀懂工程圖紙是空調(diào)與制冷維修工必須具備的能力。機(jī)修工具備讀圖能力才能保證正確安裝管道系統(tǒng)，制冷管線，供電線路。Systeminstallationcallsforworkwithmotors,compressors,condensingunits,evaporators,andothercomponents.Thesedevicesmustbeinstalledproperly.Thiscallsforthemechanictobeabletofollowthedesigner'sspecification.Inmostinstances,blueprintsareusedtoindicatewhereandhowtheequipmentistobeinstalled.Theabilitytoreadblueprintsisessentialfortheair-conditioningandrefrigerationmechanic.Suchabilitywillhelpensurethattheductwork,refrigerantlines,andelectricalserviceareproperlyconnected.Text

安裝連接完成以后，正確加載制冷劑也是十分必要的。必須正確操作以保證機(jī)器不出故障。如果裝置發(fā)生故障，機(jī)械工必須診斷故障的原因并正確維修。機(jī)修工必須：尋找缺陷。檢查零部件。檢查溫控器和繼電器。Aftermakingtheconnections,itisthennecessarytochargethesystemwiththeproperrefrigerant.Properoperationmustbeassuredbeforethemechanicisthroughwiththejob.Iftheequipmentfails,thenthemechanicmustdiagnosethecauseofthetroubleandmaketheproperrepairs.Themechanicmust:?Finddefects?Inspectparts?BeabletoknowifthermostatsandrelaysareText

在冬季，機(jī)修工將檢查溫控器和繼電器等部件，完成必要的維護(hù)。當(dāng)需要關(guān)注或重裝壓縮機(jī)時(shí)則需要大修了。空調(diào)與制冷機(jī)修工使用大量的專用工具。他們也使用很多通用工具如錘子、扳手、金屬剪、電鉆、切管機(jī)、彎管機(jī)、乙炔炬等。通風(fēng)管和制冷管線需要更多專用工具。安培表也是機(jī)修工工具箱里必備的工具。電路和制冷管線需要測(cè)試和檢驗(yàn)。電氣部件的測(cè)試也是需要的。良好的電力知識(shí)背景對(duì)機(jī)修工來(lái)說(shuō)也是必須的具備的。Duringthewinter,air-conditioningmechanicsinspectpartssuchasrelaysandthermostats.Theyalsoperformrequiredmaintenance.Overhaulingmaybeincludedifcompressorsneedattentionorrecharging.Theymayalsoadjusttheairflowductsforthechangeofseasons.Air-conditioningandrefrigerationmechanicsuseanumberofspecialtools.Theyalsousemorecommontoolssuchashammers,wrenches,metalsnips,electricdrills,pipecuttersandbenders,andacetylenetorches.Airductsandrefrigerationlinesrequiremorespecializedtools.Voltammetersarealsopartofthemechanic'stoolbox.Electricalcircuitsandrefrigerationlinesmustbetestedandchecked.Testingofelectricalcomponentsisalsorequired.Agoodbackgroundinelectricityisnecessaryforanymechanic.Text

制冷系統(tǒng)有時(shí)也由其他工藝師來(lái)安裝和維修。例如，大型的空調(diào)安裝工程中鈑金加工專家可能來(lái)做管道系統(tǒng)，電工做電氣工程，管道安裝將由管道工完成。Coolingsystemssometimesareinstalledorrepairedbyothercraftworkers.Forexample,onalargeair-conditioninginstallationjob,sheet-metalspecialistsmightdoductwork.Electricianswilldoelectricalwork.Theinstallationofpipingwillbedonebypipeworker.NotestotheTextNotestotheText1、Theybringtothejobsitesthetoolsandpartstheyneed.他們將需要工具和零件帶到工作現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。jobsites意為“施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，工作現(xiàn)場(chǎng)”。例如：job-sitedelivery現(xiàn)場(chǎng)交付；Sohedecidedtobuilda"quickanddirty"jobsitetoposthisownjobopenings.所以,他決定建立一個(gè)“粗制濫造的”求職網(wǎng)站發(fā)布自己的職位空缺。Wehaveallkindsofconstructionmachineryonjobsite.我們有各種施工機(jī)械在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。

NotestotheText可簡(jiǎn)譯為“用無(wú)線電通信和移動(dòng)電話來(lái)分配工作?！眃ispatch意為“派遣；分派”。例如：Thepresidentdispatchedamessengertotellthepremierwhathappened.總統(tǒng)派出一名信使向首相稟報(bào)所發(fā)生的事。2、Radiocommunicationsandcellphonesmaybeusedtodispatchthemtothejobs.NotestotheText機(jī)械工可能不得不在閣樓、地下室或管線空間等狹窄區(qū)域里工作。Cramped是cramp的過(guò)去分詞在定語(yǔ)，意為狹窄的

擁擠的

。例如：Ihavetosharemyofficewiththreeotherpeoplesoweareverycrampedforroom.我必須和另外三個(gè)人公用我的辦公室，所以我們的空間很狹窄。3、Themechanicmayhavetoworkinacrampedpositioninan