高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖北省武漢市五校聯(lián)合體2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語試卷第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.WhatisWendy’sscoreinthehistoryexam?A.92. B.96. C.99.【答案】B【原文】M:Igot92inmyhistoryexam,Wendy,howaboutyou?W:Igot96butTinawasthebestinourclass.Shegot99.2.Whatistheweatherlikerightnow?A.Rainy. B.Snowy. C.Sunny.【答案】A【原文】W:Haveyoucheckedtheweatherreportfornextweek?M:Yeah,Ican’tbelieveit.Ijustputmysnowbootsaway.W:Well,you’dbettergetthembackoutagain.It’spouringoutsidenow.Whenoneartharewegoingtoseesomesunshine?3.Whatisthewomangoodat?A.Singing. B.Playingtheguitar. C.Playingthedrums.【答案】C【原文】M:Doyouhaveatalentforsingingorplayingamusicalinstrumentliketheguitarperhaps?W:I’mnotreallyasingertobehonest,butI’mnotbadatplayingthedrums.4.Whatisthemandoingnow?A.Readingabook.B.Answeringacontestquestion.C.Takinganonlineclass.【答案】B【原文】W:Takeiteasy.You’reonyourfinalquestion.Getthisonerightandyou’llwalkawaywithacomputer.Whichcountryisthelargestintheworld?M:Oh,I’vereadthisinabookbefore.It’sRussia.W:Congratulations!You’vewonthecomputer.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A.Waystoimprovepublichealth.B.Theeconomicimpactonindustries.C.Thenewenvironmentalpollutionlaws.【答案】C【原文】M:Haveyoureadthenewenvironmentalpollutionlaws?Imustsaythey’retoostrict.W:That’strue,butthey’reimportantforeveryone’shealth.M:Iunderstandtheirintention,butsomeindustriesmightstruggletomakeaprofit.W:Yes,theymayneedtothinkofotherwaystodobusiness.第二節(jié)(共15小題，每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6.Whendoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inthemorning. B.Intheafternoon. C.Intheevening.7.Whatwillthemando?A.Haveagoodsleep. B.Takesomemedicine. C.Getthetoothpulledout.【答案】6.A7.C【原文】W:Mike,comeandeatyourbreakfast.M:Ohmom,eatingisaheadacheformeatthemoment.W:What’swrongwithyou?M:It’smytooth.LastnightithurtsomuchthatIcouldn’tsleep.IguessIshouldseethedentistagainthismorning.W:Okay,butyoujustvisitedMrsgreenlastweek.Whatdidshesay?M:Shesaid:“I’mafraidit’sgoingtobenecessarytotakethetoothout”.Iwasfrightened,soIjustaskedhertogivemesomemedicine.W:Iguessyouhavenochoicethistime.M:Youareright.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.HowarethemanandKellyplanningtotraveltoCornwall?A.Bytrain. B.Byplane. C.Bycar.9.WhatwillKellydoinCornwall?A.Visithersister. B.Gosurfing. C.Doupherhouse.10.Whenwillthemanreturnhome?A.OnTuesday. B.OnWednesday. C.OnThursday.【答案】8.C9.A10.B【原文】M:Whatareyougoingtododuringthecomingholiday,Jane?W:I’mgoingtodoupthehouse.WhataboutyouandKelly?M:We’reconsideringatriptoCornwall.Wethoughtabouttakingthetrain,buttheschedulesaren’tconvenient.W:Whataboutflying?It’smuchquicker.M:True.Butwewanttoexplorethecountryside,sowe’regoingtohireacaranddrivedown.W:Thatsoundslikefun.Whatareyouplanningtodothere?M:I’mgoingtogosurfingiftheweather’sokayandKelly’sgoingtovisithersister.W:WillyoubebackbyTuesday?M:Kellywill,butI’mtakinganextradayoffwork,soI’mnotdrivingbacktillWednesday.W:HowisKellygettinghomethen?M:Goodquestion,butIhaven’tthoughtaboutthat.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。11.WhatdoesAnna’sfatherprobablydo?A.Aneditor. B.Ahost. C.Ajournalist.12.WhatdoesAnnasayabouthernewhouse?A.Ithassmallrooms. B.Ithasgreenspaces. C.Itisonabusystreet.13.Whatwillthewomandonextweekend?A.Visithergrandparents.B.Hostthemaninthenewhouse.C.Gobacktoheroldhouse.【答案】11.C12.B13.A【原文】M:HiAnna,how’syournewhouse?Youmovedduringthesummer,right?W:Yes,mydadgotanewjobatthenewstationacrosstown,sowemovedclosertohiswork.M:Doesheneedtoreportwhatishappeningonthespot?W:Yes,helovesthejob.M:Whataboutyournewhouse?W:Ournewhouseisgreat.Ihaveabigroomwithadeskformyhomeworkandalargebookcaseforallmybooks.M:Thatsoundsnice.Whatabouttherestofthehouse?W:IloveitandithaslargeroomswithbigWindows.Plus,mymomplantedflowersandtreesallaroundit.It’sreallypretty,alotnicerthanouroldhouse.Myoldroomwassmallandthehousewasplainwithnoflowers,butIstillmissit.Ihavesomanysweetmemoriesthere.M:I’mhappyforyou.I’dlovetocomeoverandseeyousometime,maybethisweekendornext.W:ThisSaturdaywouldbegood,Dave.NextweekendIneedtovisitmygrandparentsinthecountryside.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。14.Whydoesthemanmakethecall?A.Tobookatable. B.Tomakeachange. C.Tomakeasuggestion.15.Howmanypeoplewillcomefordinner?A.5. B.7. C.9.16.Whattimedoesthemanfinallybookaseatfor?A.6:30pm. B.7:00pm. C.7:30pm.17.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Givethemanacall.B.Textthemanamessage.C.TalktothemanonWeChat.【答案】14.B15.C16.C17.B【原文】W:Hello,sunshinerestaurant.M:Hi.Ibookedatablefortomorrowevening.It’sunderthenameSteveatseveno’clock.W:Ohyes,Iseeithere.Isthereanythingwrong?M:Well,there’sabitofaproblem.WhenImadethereservationlastWednesday,itwasforfivepeople.Butnowtwoothercoupleswanttojoinus.W:You’reawaretomorrowisFriday,right?We’refullybooked.M:Yeah,Ithoughtso.Well,thanksanyway.W:Waitaminute.Imighthaveasolution.Howaboutmovingyourreservationto7:30?Thatway,Icanseatallofyoutogether.M:Wow,really?W:Yes,alargegroupisdiningatsixthirtyandI’msurethey’llbedonebythen.Hasyourphonenumberstayedthesame?I’llsendyouatextmessagetoconfirmthechange.M:Yes,thankyousomuch.Bytheway,canIpaywithWeChatpay?W:Certainly.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。18.WhatimpressedthespeakermostaboutMrSmith?A.Hisabilitytoadapttonewenvironments.B.Hisabilitytodealwithpressure.C.Hisskillsincomputer.19.WhatdoesthespeakerthinkofMrSmith?A.Experienced. B.Confident. C.Generous.20.WhencanMrSmithhavetheinterview?A.OnTuesday. B.OnWednesday. C.OnThursday.【答案】18.C19.A20.B【原文】HelloMr.Smith,thisisavoicemessagefromHelenKane.I’mpleasedtoinformyouthatwehavereceivedyourapplicationfortheopenpositioninourcompany.Afterreviewingyourapplication,especiallyyourstrongcomputerprogrammingskills,mycolleaguesandIhavedecidedthatwewouldliketomeetwithyouassoonaspossible.WeareverypleasedwithyourworkexperienceintheUS.Asweallknow,beinganengineerisademandingjobandweareoftenunderpressure.GivenyourmanyyearsofexperienceintheUS,weareconfidentthatyouwillfitinwellwithourteam.Pleaseemailmycolleaguelily@toarrangeatimefortheinterview.Bytheway,IhavemeetingsonMonday,TuesdayandThursday,soyoucanchooseeitherWednesdayorFridayfortheinterview.Ilookforwardtomeetingyou,MrSmith.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ADuringourSummerSchoolStudyAbroadprogram,youwillengageyourintellectualcuriositywithlike-mindedpeopleandexpandyourunderstandingoftheworld.MexicoThiseight-weekadvancedprogramexploresthecomplexhistoryofMexicothroughitsrichartisticcultureandpublicart.Youwillparticipateinartistic,social,andculturalprojectsbeingdevelopedinMexicoCity,Puebla,andOaxacathroughweeklyvisitstoanarrayofcultural,socialandartisticvenues.Prague,CzechRepublicThisprogramissituatedinPrague,oneoftheworld’smostbeautifulcities.YouwilllearntheCzechlanguageinclass,throughimmersiveexplorationofthecityandinteractionswiththelocals.Thecoursecancountas8creditstowardforeignlanguagerequirement.Shanghai,ChinaThecityofShanghaihasdiversepeople,cultures,cuisinesandeconomiesfromvariouspartsofChina.ThisprogramwillhelpyouunderstandChinamorebroadlyinregionalandinternationalcontexts.Inadditiontoclasses,youwilltakefieldtripstohistoricallandmarks,neighborhoods,museums,eatingestablishmentsandfactories.KenyaTheprogramwillinvestigateAfricanclimaticandecologicalsciencesfromtwoworld-classfieldresearchcenters.Youwilllearnfield,lab,andcomputerscience-basedmethodsthroughlectures,dailyfieldtripsandcollaborativeresearchprojects.TheonlineapplicationopensinDecemberandtheapplicationdeadlinefallsinlateJanuaryeachyear.Clickthe“ApplyNow”buttononthewebpageofyourprogramofinteresttobedirectedtotheonlineapplication.21.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atravelguide. B.Anacademicmagazine.C.Acollegewebsite. D.Anonlineadvertisement.22.Whichprogrambestsuitsartlovers?A.PrograminMexico. B.PrograminPrague.C.PrograminShanghai. D.PrograminKenya.23.WhatdoprograminShanghaiandprograminKenyahaveincommon?A.Participantscantastelocalcuisines.B.Participantscandopracticalstudy.C.Participantscanvisitmuseumsweekly.D.Participantscanlearncomputerskills.【答案】21.C22.A23.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹暑期留學(xué)項目中墨西哥、布拉格、上海和肯尼亞的課程內(nèi)容及申請信息。【21題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“TheonlineapplicationopensinDecemberandtheapplicationdeadlinefallsinlateJanuaryeachyear.Clickthe'ApplyNow'buttononthewebpageofyourprogramofinteresttobedirectedtotheonlineapplication.(在線申請于12月開始，申請截止日期為每年1月下旬。點擊你感興趣的項目網(wǎng)頁上的“立即申請”按鈕，即可進(jìn)入在線申請。)”可知，本文可能來自大學(xué)網(wǎng)站。故選C項?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Mexico部分中的“Thiseight-weekadvancedprogramexploresthecomplexhistoryofMexicothroughitsrichartisticcultureandpublicart.Youwillparticipateinartistic,social,andculturalprojectsbeingdevelopedinMexicoCity,Puebla,andOaxacathroughweeklyvisitstoanarrayofcultural,socialandartisticvenues.(這個為期八周的高級項目通過豐富的藝術(shù)文化和公共藝術(shù)探索墨西哥復(fù)雜的歷史。你將通過每周訪問墨西哥城、普埃布拉和瓦哈卡的一系列文化、社會和藝術(shù)場所，參與正在開發(fā)的藝術(shù)、社會和文化項目。)”可知，墨西哥的項目最適合藝術(shù)愛好者。故選A項。【23題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Shanghai,China部分中的“Inadditiontoclasses,youwilltakefieldtripstohistoricallandmarks,neighborhoods,museums,eatingestablishmentsandfactories.(除了課程之外，你還將實地考察歷史地標(biāo)、社區(qū)、博物館、飲食場所和工廠。)”及Kenya部分中的“Youwilllearnfield,lab,andcomputerscience-basedmethodsthroughlectures,dailyfieldtripsandcollaborativeresearchprojects.(你將通過講座、每日實地考察和合作研究項目學(xué)習(xí)基于實地、實驗室和計算機科學(xué)的方法。)”可知，上海和肯尼亞的項目的共同點是參與者可以進(jìn)行實踐學(xué)習(xí)。故選B項。BIn1995,UyingaleftherhomeonthegrasslandtostudyattheInnerMongoliaUniversityofFinanceandEconomicsintheregionalcapital,Hohhot.Aftergraduatingwithabachelor’sdegreeinlandresourcemanagement,sheimmediatelydecidedtoreturnhomeasshebelievedthevastgrasslandhasmoreopportunitiestoofferthanbigcities.“Iwasbornonthegrassland,andIhaveafreespirit.Andtheinfrastructuresuchasroadsandtelecommunicationonthegrasslandhasbeensignificantlyimproved,soitcanbejustasconvenienttostartbusinessesatmyhome,”Uyingasaid.Followingtherecommendationofacareeradviserone-commerce,shestartedtopostvideosaboutthelifeofherdsmen(牧民)onsocialmediainJanuary2018.“Therewasn’tanyinfluencerpostingaboutthelifeofherdsmeninInnerMongoliabackthen.Andmyfirstgoalwastoclearuppeople’smisunderstandingsaboutherdsmen,”shesaid.Likemanypeoplefromtheregion,Uyingaisoftenaskediflocalsridehorsestoschoolandwork.“Manypeoplearen’tfamiliarwithlifeandcultureonthegrassland.Infact,theherdsmen’slifeonthegrasslandhasalsobeenimprovedandmodernized.Atthesametime,wehavekeptourtraditionsalive,”shesaid.BesidesenjoyingthestunningsunrisesandsunsetsintheshortvideospostedbyUyinga,peopleareparticularlyinterestedinhowherfamilypreparestraditionalMongolianfood,suchasdairyproducts,milkteaandboiledmeat.OneofUyinga’svideosthatwentviralfeaturesherfamilystoringmeatforaharshwinterahead.Ithasreceivedmorethan9millionviewsonsocialmediaplatforms.“I’veneverimaginedpeoplecanbesointerestedinournormalroutines.Ithasmadememoredeterminedtopromoteourrichcultureandheritage,”Uyingasaid.Shenowhasmorethan1.18millionfollowersontheshortvideoplatformDouyin,butshesaidshedoesn’tliketobecalledaninfluencer.“Iamsimplyarecorderofthegrasslandandthelifestyleoftheherdsmen,”shesaid.24.WhatmadeUyingacomebacktoherhometownaftergraduation?A.Hermajorintheuniversity. B.Herbeliefinthegrassland.C.Attachmenttoherhometown. D.Pressureinthebigcity.25.WhatwereUyinga’sfirstvideosaimedat?A.Showingoffherlifestyle.B.AttractingtouriststoInnerMongolia.C.PromotingtraditionalMongolianfood.D.Clarifyingmisconceptionsoftheherdsman’slife.26.WhatisknownabouttheherdsmeninInnerMongolia?A.Theyhomemakemeatproductsforwinter.B.Theyfacemanychallengesinthegrassland.C.Theyhavetotallyabandonedtheirtraditions.D.Theyenjoymakingvideosabouttheirlife.27.Whatisabesttitleforthepassage?A.Mongolia,hometoherdsmen. B.Herdsman,anewlifestyle.C.Grassland,homeofUyinga. D.Uyinga,agrasslandrecorder.【答案】24.B25.D26.A27.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文，主要講述了Uyinga從內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)畢業(yè)后回到家鄉(xiāng)，通過在社交媒體發(fā)布短視頻記錄牧民生活，消除人們對牧民生活誤解并推廣草原文化的故事?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Aftergraduatingwithabachelor’sdegreeinlandresourcemanagement,sheimmediatelydecidedtoreturnhomeasshebelievedthevastgrasslandhasmoreopportunitiestoofferthanbigcities.(在獲得土地資源管理學(xué)士學(xué)位后，她立刻決定回家，因為她相信廣闊的草原比大城市能提供更多機會)”可知，是她對草原的信念，即認(rèn)為草原機會更多，促使Uyinga畢業(yè)后回到家鄉(xiāng)。故選B。【25題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Therewasn’tanyinfluencerpostingaboutthelifeofherdsmeninInnerMongoliabackthen.Andmyfirstgoalwastoclearuppeople’smisunderstandingsaboutherdsmen,”shesaid.(她說：“那時沒有網(wǎng)紅發(fā)布關(guān)于內(nèi)蒙古牧民生活的內(nèi)容。我的首要目標(biāo)是消除人們對牧民的誤解”)”可知，Uyinga最初發(fā)布視頻的目的是消除人們對牧民生活的誤解。選D。【26題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“OneofUyinga’svideosthatwentviralfeaturesherfamilystoringmeatforaharshwinterahead.(Uyinga的一個走紅視頻展示了她的家人為即將到來的嚴(yán)冬儲存肉類)”可以推斷，內(nèi)蒙古的牧民會為過冬自制肉制品。故選A?！?7題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段““Iamsimplyarecorderofthegrasslandandthelifestyleoftheherdsmen,”shesaid.(“我只是草原和牧民生活方式的記錄者”她說。)”可知，主要講述了Uyinga從內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)畢業(yè)后回到家鄉(xiāng)，通過在社交媒體發(fā)布短視頻記錄牧民生活，消除人們對牧民生活誤解并推廣草原文化的故事。所以D“Uyinga，一名草原記錄者”為短文最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。CBeesdoit.Fishesdoit.Peopledoit,thoughoftenlessthantheywouldliketo.Owlsdoitinthedaytime.EvenCaenorhabditiselegans,aprimitiveroundwormmadeupofafewthousandcells,doessomethingthatlooksanawfullotlikeit.Sleepisanancient,universalexperience.Butpartlybecauseitissocommonplace,foralongtimesleepwasasubjectthatscientistshadnotwokenupto.Itisonlyinthepasthalf-centuryorsothatithasattractedtheattentionofresearchers.AnewbookfromKennethMiller,asciencejournalist,setsouttorecordthefield’sshortbutfascinatinghistory.Thebookisorganizedaroundthelifeandhardworkoffourscientists.Theearlypagesofthebook,beforethereismuchinthewayofestablishedsciencetodescribe,aretheweakest.Agooddealoftimeisspentonbiographicaldetailsandpenportraitsoftheworldthroughwhichtheymoved.Butthestorysoonpicksup.Itwandersfromthediscoveryofrapid-eye-movement(REM)sleepandcircadianrhythms—thebiologicalclocksthatgovernhumanity’sdays—totheeffectsofsleepdeprivation.Italsoexploresthepurpose,ifany,ofdreams.Underlyingitallisasenseofpsychology’sslowmaturingasascience.Newtechnologiessuchaselectroencephalographs,whichmonitorelectricalactivityinthebrain,haveofferedpractitionerstheabilitytostudybrainsdirectly,ratherthantryingtoinferwhattheyaredoingfromthebehaviouroftheirowners.Discoveriesoftenleadtonewquestionsinturn.Thatiswhyneat,tidyendingsarehardtoachieveinsciencebooks;thisoneisnodifferent.Despitealltheprogressofthepast50years,scientistsarestillunsurewhatsleepisfor.Thefactitissowidespreadsuggestsitisvital.Butwhyevolutionwouldseefittoproduceanimalsthatmustspendlargeamountsoftheirtimeinsensateandunabletorespondtothreatsisstillamysteryresearchersaretryingtosolve.Foranyonecuriousaboutaskingtherightquestions,however,MrMiller’sbookisagoodplacetostart.28.WhyareCaenorhabditiselegansmentioned?A.Toprovethecommonnessofsleep.B.Tocomparedifferenttypesofsleep.C.Toarousereaders’interestinsleep.D.Togivebackgroundinformationonsleep.29.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Theexplorationofdreams. B.Thecontentsofthebook.C.Theprogressofsleepscience. D.Thebiographyofthewriter.30.Howdoestheauthorfindtheendingofthebook?A.Mysterious. B.Encouraging. C.Unsatisfying. D.Influential.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“insensate”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Negative. B.Active. C.Sleepless. D.Feelingless.【答案】28.A29.B30.C31.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了KennethMiller關(guān)于睡眠科學(xué)史的著作，通過四位科學(xué)家的研究歷程展現(xiàn)該領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展，包括重要發(fā)現(xiàn)和未解之謎，指出睡眠研究仍處于探索階段?！?8題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Beesdoit.Fishesdoit.Peopledoit,thoughoftenlessthantheywouldliketo.Owlsdoitinthedaytime.EvenCaenorhabditiselegans,aprimitiveroundwormmadeupofafewthousandcells,doessomethingthatlooksanawfullotlikeit.Sleepisanancient,universalexperience.(蜜蜂會睡覺。魚也會睡覺。人類同樣需要睡眠——盡管實際睡眠時間往往少于他們的期望。貓頭鷹甚至在白天睡覺。就連由幾千個細(xì)胞組成的原始線蟲——秀麗隱桿線蟲，也會表現(xiàn)出與睡眠高度相似的行為。睡眠，是一種古老而普遍的生命體驗)”可知，作者通過列舉蜜蜂、魚類、人類，甚至秀麗隱桿線蟲等廣泛生物都存在睡眠現(xiàn)象，證明睡眠的普遍性。故選A項。【29題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Thebookisorganizedaroundthelifeandhardworkoffourscientists.Theearlypagesofthebook,beforethereismuchinthewayofestablishedsciencetodescribe,aretheweakest.Agooddealoftimeisspentonbiographicaldetailsandpenportraitsoftheworldthroughwhichtheymoved.Butthestorysoonpicksup.Itwandersfromthediscoveryofrapid-eye-movement(REM)sleepandcircadianrhythms—thebiologicalclocksthatgovernhumanity’sdays—totheeffectsofsleepdeprivation.Italsoexploresthepurpose,ifany,ofdreams.(本書以四位科學(xué)家的生平與研究工作為主線展開。在睡眠科學(xué)尚未形成體系的前期階段，書籍開篇部分稍顯薄弱，作者耗費不少筆墨描繪科學(xué)家們的成長背景與其所處的時代畫卷。不過故事很快步入正軌。從揭示快速眼動睡眠REM與支配人類作息的生物鐘，即晝夜節(jié)律，到剖析睡眠剝奪的種種影響，乃至探討夢境存在的意義，如果真有意義的話，書的內(nèi)容逐漸展開)”可知，該段具體描述書中涵蓋的睡眠科學(xué)研究的內(nèi)容。故選B項?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Thatiswhyneat,tidyendingsarehardtoachieveinsciencebooks;thisoneisnodifferent.Despitealltheprogressofthepast50years,scientistsarestillunsurewhatsleepisfor.(正因如此，科學(xué)著作往往難以給出清晰明確的結(jié)論——本書也不例外。盡管過去50年研究取得了諸多進(jìn)展，但科學(xué)家們至今仍未真正破解睡眠的終極奧秘)”可知，作者指出該書如大多數(shù)科學(xué)著作一樣，無法給出清晰明確的結(jié)論，因此對其結(jié)尾是不滿意的。故選C項?！?1題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞的上文“Despitealltheprogressofthepast50years,scientistsarestillunsurewhatsleepisfor.Thefactitissowidespreadsuggestsitisvital.(盡管過去50年研究取得了諸多進(jìn)展，但科學(xué)家們至今仍未真正破解睡眠的終極奧秘)”和下文“unabletorespondtothreats(無法對威脅做出反應(yīng))”可知，此處從進(jìn)化的角度追問睡眠的意義，描述睡眠時生物的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)該是“無感知、無反應(yīng)”，畫線詞意思應(yīng)該是“無感覺的”，與Feelingless意思一致。故選D項。DAseeminglyharmlessyestoarequestisjustonemorethingaddedtothepilealreadyweighingonyouandmakingitimpossibletopayattentiontowhatyoureallywantorneed.Thestrategicuseofnocantrulychangeyourqualityoflife.Sayingnotoolittle—andthusyestoomuch—hasalwaysbeenaproblemforme,duetotwoissues.Thefirstisnotvaluingthefutureproperlycomparedwiththepresent.Economistsandpsychologistshavelongstudiedthephenomenonofdiscounting(“貼現(xiàn)”現(xiàn)象),accordingtowhichwevaluesomethingrightnowmorehighlythanwevaluetheideaofhavingthesameitemin,say,ayear’stime.Abitofsuchdiscountingwon’tbreakmydecisionmakingandmessupmylife,butmanypeoplesufferfromacommonbias(偏見)called“hyperbolicdiscounting(雙曲線貼現(xiàn)),”which,asthenamesuggests,isthesamephenomenonbuttoanextremedegree.Thisexplainsaddictivebehaviors,inwhichthelikelihoodoffuturedamage—fromdruguse,forexample—isignoredinfavorofthemomentarypresentpleasure.Hyperbolicdiscountingcanalsohelpexplainmyhabituallysayingyestosomeupcomingtask:Futureinconvenienceisignoredinfavorofthejoyavailablerightnowofsayingyouwilltakeiton.Thesecondproblemisthefearoffutureregret.Researchershaveshownthatthisconcerncanleadtoriskavoidance.Thefearoffutureregretcanleadyoutosayyestotoomanythingsifyou’reworriedaboutmissinganopportunity.Perhapsneitherhyperbolicdiscountingnorthefearofregretbothersyou,butyoustillsayyestoomuch.Inthatcase,theproblemmayoriginateinasenseofresponsibilityorguilt,notnecessarilyacharacterweakness.Itmaysimplybethecostofbeingakindperson.Butsayingyescanbecostlyindeedifpeoplearoundyouknowtheycanaskyoufornearlyanythingandyou’llagree.Whetheryouareafaulty-discounter,aregret-fearer,oraguilt-feeler,youneedtoolstohelpmanageyouryesbias.32.Whichofthefollowingbelongstoaphenomenonofdiscounting?A.Asmallactioncansetoffachainofunexpectedevents.B.Morethanonewatchdoesn’ttellmoreaccuratetime.C.Instantrewardsareovervaluedinsteadoflong-termgoals.D.Thepainofregretisgreaterthanthejoyofallthegains.33.Whyis“hyperbolicdiscounting”discussed?A.Toexplainanaddictivebehavior.B.Toclarifyanegativeeffectofsayingno.C.Toshowanexampleofbeingregretful.D.Totellanextremedegreeofdiscounting.34.Whatcausesdiscountinginparagraph5?A.Aproperfocusonthefuture. B.Thefearoffutureregret.C.Adesiretobeakindperson. D.Themomentarypleasure.35.Whatwillbediscussednexttothelastparagraph?A.Thecausesofsayingyes. B.Thetechniquesofsayingno.C.Thestrategiesoffeelingnoregret. D.Thebenefitsofmanagingyesbias.【答案】32.C33.D34.C35.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。主要討論了總是說“是”而不善于說“不”這一現(xiàn)象，分析了導(dǎo)致該現(xiàn)象的原因，如貼現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象、對未來后悔的恐懼、責(zé)任感或內(nèi)疚感等，并指出需要方法來改變過度說“是”的傾向。【32題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Economistsandpsychologistshavelongstudiedthephenomenonofdiscounting(“貼現(xiàn)”現(xiàn)象),accordingtowhichwevaluesomethingrightnowmorehighlythanwevaluetheideaofhavingthesameitemin,say,ayear’stime.(經(jīng)濟學(xué)家和心理學(xué)家長期研究“貼現(xiàn)”現(xiàn)象，根據(jù)這一現(xiàn)象，我們對當(dāng)下某事物的估值，要高于對比如一年后擁有同一事物的估值)”可知，貼現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象是指過度重視即時獎勵而非長期目標(biāo)。故選C?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Abitofsuchdiscountingwon’tbreakmydecisionmakingandmessupmylife,butmanypeoplesufferfromacommonbias(偏見)called“hyperbolicdiscounting(雙曲線貼現(xiàn)),”which,asthenamesuggests,isthesamephenomenonbuttoanextremedegree.

Thisexplainsaddictivebehaviors,inwhichthelikelihoodoffuturedamage—fromdruguse,forexample—isignoredinfavorofthemomentarypresentpleasure.(適度的這種貼現(xiàn)行為不會破壞我的決策，也不會擾亂我的生活，但許多人都受一種常見的偏見——“雙曲線貼現(xiàn)”的影響。顧名思義，這與貼現(xiàn)是同一類現(xiàn)象，只不過程度極為極端。這就解釋了成癮行為，在這類行為中，諸如吸毒等行為可能帶來的未來危害被忽視，人們只圖當(dāng)下一時的快樂。)”，可知討論“雙曲線貼現(xiàn)”是為了說明貼現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象的極端程度。故選D。【34題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Perhapsneitherhyperbolicdiscountingnorthefearofregretbothersyou,butyoustillsayyestoomuch.Inthatcase,theproblemmayoriginateinasenseofresponsibilityorguilt,notnecessarilyacharacterweakness.Itmaysimplybethecostofbeingakindperson.(或許雙曲線貼現(xiàn)和對后悔的恐懼都沒有困擾到你，但你依舊頻繁答應(yīng)他人。在這種情況下，問題可能源于責(zé)任感或內(nèi)疚感，這并非性格上的缺陷，而僅僅是做個好人的代價)”可知，是想成為善良的人的愿望導(dǎo)致了貼現(xiàn)（過度說“是”）。故選C?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Whetheryouareafaulty-discounter,aregret-fearer,oraguilt-feeler,youneedtoolstohelpmanageyouryesbias.(無論你是貼現(xiàn)錯誤者、后悔恐懼者，還是內(nèi)疚感強烈者，你都需要一些方法來應(yīng)對你過度說‘是’的傾向)”，由此可推斷接下來會討論說“不”的技巧。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Isthereanyonewhocouldn’tspendalittlelesstimeontheirphone?Adigitaldetox(戒斷)maybejustwhatyouneed.____36____Whenpeopleheartheworddetox,theymaythinkit’sastrictall-or-nothingthing,butitdoesn’thavetobethatextreme.Herearesomeideastogetyoustarted.It’sonethingtosayyou’regoingtogetridofyourphoneonyournextvacation,butit’squiteanotherthingtoactuallydoit.____37____Onceyougetusedtosmallblocksoftimewithoutit,itwillbeeasierandeasiertoforgethowmuchyoureliedonit.Ifyou’reinasituationwhereyoucan’tdropyourphone,blockouttimetousetechnologyduringthemomentsyouabsolutelyhavetouseit.Forexample,spendamorninginbedonaSaturdaytocatchuponsocialmediaandthenrelylessonyourphonetherestoftheday.____38____Nottosoundtoomuchlikealecturingmom,butmealtimesshouldbequalitytimewithyourdiningcompanionsinreallife.Quick-responsecodesformenusatrestaurantscanbealittleannoyingtoo,sinceyou’rediningoutwithfriendstospendtimewiththem,notgetabsorbedinyourphone.____39____Ifyouhavetouseyourphonetoorderdinner,putitbackinyourpurseassoonasyoucan.____40____Whereyousleep,forexample,shouldbearestfulplace,notaplacetogetworkedupoversocialmediaposts.Startyourdigitaldetoxbytakingthetelevisionoutoftheroom,anddefinitelykeepyourphoneelsewherewhileyousleep.A.Youarenotaloneasadigitaladdict.B.Keepyourphoneawayfromyourbed.C.Askforapapermenuwheneverpossible.D.Specifysomeareasofyourhomeastech-free.E.Trysettingasideyourphoneforanafternooninstead.F.Itisaplannedandmindfulbreakfromdigitaltechnology.G.Youjustmightfindthatyounowhavetimeforanewhobby.【答案】36.F37.E38.G39.C40.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了如何進(jìn)行數(shù)字戒斷，幫助人們減少使用手機等數(shù)字技術(shù)產(chǎn)品的時間，給出了如從短時間放下手機開始、規(guī)劃使用時間、用餐時避免使用手機以及設(shè)置無科技區(qū)域等建議?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Adigitaldetox(戒斷)maybejustwhatyouneed.(數(shù)字戒斷可能正是你所需要的)”及下文“Whenpeopleheartheworddetox,theymaythinkit’sastrictall-or-nothingthing,butitdoesn’thavetobethatextreme.(當(dāng)人們聽到‘戒斷’這個詞時，他們可能會認(rèn)為這是一種嚴(yán)格的非此即彼的事情，但不一定非要那么極端)”可知，此處應(yīng)解釋數(shù)字戒斷是什么，承上啟下，引出后文關(guān)于如何進(jìn)行數(shù)字戒斷的內(nèi)容。故F選項“它是一個有計劃、有意識地從數(shù)字技術(shù)中抽離的休息”符合語境，故選F?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“It’sonethingtosayyou’regoingtogetridofyourphoneonyournextvacation,butit’squiteanotherthingtoactuallydoit.(說要在下次度假時擺脫手機是一回事，但實際做到又是另一回事)”及下文“Onceyougetusedtosmallblocksoftimewithoutit,itwillbeeasierandeasiertoforgethowmuchyoureliedonit.(一旦你習(xí)慣了一小段時間不用它，就會越來越容易忘記你有多依賴它)”可知，空處應(yīng)承上啟下，給出實際可行的減少手機使用時間的方法，引出后文習(xí)慣短時間不用手機的好處。E選項“試著先把手機放在一邊一個下午”符合語境，故選E?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Forexample,spendamorninginbedonaSaturdaytocatchuponsocialmediaandthenrelylessonyourphonetherestoftheday.(例如，周六早上在床上瀏覽社交媒體，然后當(dāng)天其余時間少依賴手機)”可知，上文說明要減少依賴手機，空處應(yīng)介紹這樣做可能帶來的積極影響。G選項“你可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)你現(xiàn)在