（英語）高一英語閱讀理解(時文廣告)提高訓練一、高中英語閱讀理解時文廣告類1．閱讀理解⒈AdmissionandSchoolPoliciesTheenrollment(注冊)ofapupiltotheSchoolissubjecttotheSchool'sAdmissionandEntrypoliciesandotherpoliciesandproceduresrevisedbytheSchoolfromtimetotime.⒋FeesSchoolFeesarelistedontheFeeScheduleandvaryfromtimetotime.Afullterm'stuitionmustbepaidforanytermduringwhichthepupilisinattendanceregardlessofthenumberofdaysattended.Iftuitionfeeshavenotbeenpaid,theRefundableDepositshallbeusedtopaythetuitionfeesandtheparents/guardiansremainresponsiblefortherest.TheSchoolreservestherighttoexclude(開除)apupiliftuitionorotherfeesarenotpaidinfullbytheduedate.⒉WithdrawalbyParent/GuardianIfaparent/guardiandesirestowithdrawachildforanyreasonfromtheschool,thatparent/guardianshallgiveaminimumofsixweekswrittenwithdrawalnoticetotheSchool.Noticereceivedduringaschoolholidaywillbeconsideredtohavebeenreceivedonthefirstdayofthefollowingterm.⒊RefundableDeposit(押金)Whenapupilisofferedaplacetheparent/guardianshallimmediatelypaytherequiredRefundableDeposit.ThisistosecureenrollmentattheSchooluntilthetermlyorannualfeeshavebeenpaid.TheRefundableDepositisrefundable,andshallbewithoutinterestandwithouttakingintoaccountchangesinexchangerates.⒌TerminationbytheschoolTheschoolmayterminate(終止)thisagreementwhenpermanentexclusionorremovalisrequired.TheSchoolshallnottakesuchactionwithoutgoodcauseandfullconsultationwithparents/guardiansandthepupil.Parents/guardianshavetherighttoappealonadecisiontopermanentlyexcludeapupil.（1）Howlonginadvanceshouldawrittenwithdrawalnoticebegiven?A.Awholeholiday.B.Atleastsixweeks.C.Awholeterm.D.Atleastoneday.（2）Whatdoweknowabouttuitionfees?A.Theymustbefullypaid.B.Theystaythesameeveryyear.C.Theyvarywiththenumberofdaysattended.D.Theycan'tbepaidwiththerefundabledeposit.（3）Inwhichsectionofaschool'sbrochuremightthetextappear?A.StudyTips.B.ApplicationProcedures.C.TermsandConditions.D.FrequentlyAskedQuestions.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文，介紹了一所學校的入學及學校政策、退學、押金和學費等細則條款。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)2.WithdrawalbyParent/Guardian部分中的“Ifaparent/guardiandesirestowithdrawachildforanyreasonfromtheschool,thatparent/guardianshallgiveaminimumofsixweekswrittenwithdrawalnoticetotheSchool.”如家長/監(jiān)護人因任何原因欲將子女退學，須最少提前六星期向學校發(fā)出書面退學通知，可知退學通知書應至少提前六周發(fā)出。故選B。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)4.Fees部分中的“Afullterm'stuitionmustbepaidforanytermduringwhichthepupilisinattendanceregardlessofthenumberofdaysattended.”無論學生上課的天數(shù)多少，在任何學期，都必須支付一個學期的學費，可知學費必須全額支付。故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。縱觀全文可知，本文介紹了一所學校的入學及學校政策、退學、押金和學費等細則條款?？芍恼伦钣锌赡艹霈F(xiàn)在學校宣傳冊的條款及細則部分。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息。并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解AmazingKids!WildJungleWritingContest2020

AmazingKids'MagazineisproudtoannouncethatwewillbehostingaWildJungleWritingContestthisfall!Sendusyourbestjungle-themedstoriesusingthisstarter:"Ihadnoideawhytheywerestandingthere.

ThiscontestisopentogradesK-12,withthreegroupsofK-3,4-8,and9-12.ThreewinnersfromeachagegroupwillbechosentowinAmazingKids'prizes,alongwithanofficialcertificateverifying(證實)theirwinningentry.Allparticipantswillreceiveacertificateofparticipationinthecontest.

SubmitallentriesbySeptember30tobeconsidered!Emaileditor@formorequestionsaboutrulesandspecifications.FrequentlyAskedQuestionsQ:HowshouldIformatmyentry?A:StoriesshouldbewritteninEnglish,withsubmissionsoflessthan1,200words.PleasesubmityourentryasaMicrosoftWorddocument.Q:HowdoIsubmitmyentry?A:E-mailyoursubmissiontoeditor@.Eache-mailsubmissionwillreceiveareturnmessageverifyingthattheessaywasreceived.Q:Istherejustoneprize?A:No.Nineseparateprizeswillbegivenout,withacashvalueof$20forfirstplace,$15forsecondplace,and$10forthirdplaceineachagegroup.Certificatesofparticipationwillalsobeawardedtoeachparticipantinthecontest.（1）Whichofthefollowingstoriessuitsthecontestmost?A.Acouplelosttheirwayinthejungle.B.Ateenagercaughtathiefinacave.C.Apupilmetabearwhilesearchingtheforest.D.Asoldiersavedadrowningboy.（2）Achampionwillreceive.A.acashvalueof$15B.athank-youletterC.onlyacertificateD.aprizeandacertificate（3）Whattypeofwritingisthepassage?A.News.B.Summary.C.Announcement.D.Guide.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文，介紹了一項寫作比賽“WildJungleWritingContest2020”的征文啟事，主要說明了比賽規(guī)則以及獎項設置等信息。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Sendusyourbestjungle-themedstories…”把你最好的叢林主題故事發(fā)給我們，分析選項可知一個小學生在森林里搜尋時遇到了一只熊的故事最適合這個比賽。故選C。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Nineseparateprizeswillbegivenout,withacashvalueof$20forfirstplace,$15forsecondplace,and$10forthirdplaceineachagegroup.Certificatesofparticipationwillalsobeawardedtoeachparticipantinthecontest.”將分別頒發(fā)9個獎項，每個年齡組的第一名獎金為20美元，第二名獎金為15美元，第三名獎金為10美元。每名參賽者亦會獲發(fā)參賽證書?？芍谲妼@得獎品和證書。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章主要內容可知這是一項寫作比賽“WildJungleWritingContest2020”的征文啟事，主要說明了比賽規(guī)則以及獎項設置等信息?？芍@是一篇公告。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇征文啟事，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Dearyoungpoets,TIMEForKidshasachallengeforyou:WritearhymingpoemandenteritintheTFKPoetryContest.Itmustbeapoemthatdoesnotcopyanotherpoet'sworks.

Howtoenter:Thiscontestwillbegin12pmonApril14,2019andwillend12pmonJune14,2019.Toenteronline,visit/2019poetrycontestandfollowinstructionstosubmitthefollowing:(a)anoriginalandpreviouslyunpublishedpoem;(b)theentrant'sfirstnameonlyande-mailaddress;(c)aparent'se-mailaddress.Limitoneentryperpersonore-mailaccount.

Judging:AllentrieswillbejudgedbypoetKennNesbitt,basedonthefollowingcriteria:creativityandoriginality(50%),useoflanguageandrhyme(25%)andappropriatenesstocontesttheme(25%).Winnerswillbenotifiedbye-mailduringthemonthofJulyandmustrespondwithinfivedays.

Eligibility(參賽資格)：OpentolegalcitizensoftheUnitedStateswhoareprimaryschoolstudentsandare8to13yearsoldattimeofentry.

Prizes:Ourjudgewillselectfoursemifinalists,fromwhomonegrand-prizewinnerandthreefinalistswillbechosen.Theonegrand-prizewinnerwillreceiveanonlineclassvisitfromKennNesbitt.AllthesemifinalistswillreceiveasignedcopyofBigfootIsMissing,whichisworthabout$275.Thesemifinalists'poemswillbepublishedat.（1）HowlongwillthePoetryContestlast?A.

Onemonth.

B.

Twomonths.

C.

Threemonths.

D.

Fourmonths.（2）WhatdoesthePoetryContestvaluemost?A.Whetherthepoemisnovel.B.Whetherthepoemishumorous.C.WhetherthepoemiswritteninrhymeD.Whetherthepoemissuitableforthecontesttheme.（3）Whatcanthefinalistsget?A.A$275bonus.B.Anonlineclassvisit.C.Thepositionofassistanteditor.D.AsignedcopyofBigfootIsMissing.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文，介紹了一項由TIMEForKids舉辦的詩歌比賽：如何參賽，如何評判，參賽者資格，如何評選獲獎等相關信息。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thiscontestwillbegin12pmonApril14,2019andwillend12pmonJune14,2019.”本次比賽將于2019年4月14日下午12點開始，2019年6月14日下午12點結束?？芍舜伪荣悮v時2個月。故選B。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“AllentrieswillbejudgedbypoetKennNesbitt,basedonthefollowingcriteria:creativityandoriginality(50%),useoflanguageandrhyme(25%)andappropriatenesstocontesttheme(25%).”所有參賽作品將由詩人KennNesbitt根據(jù)以下標準進行評判:創(chuàng)造力和原創(chuàng)性(50%)，語言和韻律的使用(25%)和主題的適當性(25%)?？芍?，創(chuàng)新性占據(jù)50%，可以推斷出此次比賽看重創(chuàng)新性。故選A。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“AllthesemifinalistswillreceiveasignedcopyofBigfootIsMissing,whichisworthabout$275.Thesemifinalists'poemswillbepublishedat.”所有的半決賽選手都會收到一份簽名版的《大腳怪》，價值約275美元。半決賽選手的詩作將在上發(fā)表。參加半決賽的選手包含決賽選手，故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀?？忌枰獪蚀_捕捉細節(jié)信息，并結合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.Whiletraditional,"paid"media,suchastelevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements,stillplayamajorrole,companiestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate"earned"mediabywillinglypromotingittofriends,andacompanymayleverage"owned"mediabysendinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.Thewayconsumersapproachtheprocessofmakingpurchasedecisionsmeansthatmarketing'simpactstemsfromabroadrangeoffactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.

Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirownproducts.Forearnedmedia,suchmarketersactastheinitiatorforusers'responses.Butinsomecases,onemarketer'sownedmediabecomeanothermarketer'spaidmedia--forinstance,whenane-commerceretailersellsadspaceonitsWebsite.Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthatotherorganizationsplacetheircontentore-commerceengineswithinthatenvironment.Thistrend,whichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancy,effectivelybeganwithretailersandreavelproviderssuchasairlinesandhotelsandwillnodoubtgofurther.Johnson&Johnson,forexample,hascreatedBabyCenter,astand-alongmediapropertythatpromotescomplementaryandevencompetitiveproducts.Besidesgeneratingincome,thepresenceofothermarketersmakesthesiteseemobjective,givescompaniesopportunitiestolearnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofothercompaniesmarketing,andmayhelpexpandusertrafficforallcompaniesconcerned.

Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmoreandmorediversecommunicationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsinquicker,morevisible,andmuchmoredamagingways.Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearnedmedia:anassetorcampaignbecomeshostagetoconsumers,otherstakeholders,oractivistswhomakenegativeallegationsaboutabrandorproduct.Membersofsocialnetworks,forinstance,arelearningthattheycanhijackmediatoapplypressureonthebusinessthatoriginallycreatedthem.

Ifthathappenspassionateconsumerswouldtrytopersuadeotherstoboycottproducts,puttingthereputationofthetargetcompanyatrisk.Insuchacase,thecompany'sresponsemaynotbesufficientlyquickorthoughtful,andthelearningcurvehasbeensteep.ToyotaMotor,forexample,alleviatedsomeofthedamagefromitsrecallcrisisearlierthisyearwitharelativelyquickandwell-orchestratedsocial-mediaresponsecampaign,whichincludedeffortstoengagewithconsumersdirectlyonsitessuchasTwitterandFacebook.（1）Consumersmaycreate"earned"mediawhentheyare________.A.

obsessedwithonlineshoppingatcertainWebsitesB.

inspiredbyproduct-promotinge-mailsenttothemC.

eagertohelptheirfriendspromotequalityproductsD.

enthusiasticaboutrecommendingtheirfavoriteproducts.（2）TheauthorindicatesinPara.3thatearnedmedia________.A.

inviteconstantconflictswithpassionateconsumersB.

canbeusedtoproducenegativeeffectsinmarketingC.

mayberesponsibleforfiercercompetitionD.

deserveallthenegativecommentsaboutthem（3）ToyotaMotor'sexperienceiscitedasanexampleof________.A.

respondingeffectivelytohijackedmediaB.

persuadingcustomersintoboycottingproductC.

cooperatingwithsupportiveconsumersD.

takingadvantageofhijackedmedia【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文，介紹了有關earnedmedia(口碑媒體)、HijackedMedia（劫持媒體）、paidmedia（自有媒體）的概念和特點。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate“earned”mediabywillinglypromotingittofriends”可知，對產品充滿熱情的消費者可能會通過主動向朋友推銷產品來創(chuàng)造“口碑”媒體。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段可知，劇烈的技術變革為營銷人員提供了越來越多的交流選擇，但同時也增加了這樣一種風險，即熱情的消費者會以更快、更明顯、更具破壞性的方式表達自己的觀點。這種被劫持的媒體是口碑媒體的對立面：一項資產或活動成為消費者、其他利益相關者或對某個品牌或產品提出負面指控的活動人士的人質。例如，社交網絡的成員正在明白他們可以劫持媒體，對最初創(chuàng)建它們的企業(yè)施加壓力。由此可知，當口碑媒體被某些人所劫持，轉化為劫持媒體的時候，就會影響企業(yè)，從而對企業(yè)營銷產生不利的影響。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段對于“劫持媒體”的介紹和最后一段中的“Ifthathappenspassionateconsumerswouldtrytopersuadeotherstoboycottproducts,puttingthereputationofthetargetcompanyatrisk.Insuchacase,thecompany'sresponsemaynotbesufficientlyquickorthoughtful,andthelearningcurvehasbeensteep.”可知，如果發(fā)生（劫持媒體）這種情況，熱情的消費者會試圖說服他人抵制產品，從而使目標公司的聲譽面臨風險。在這種情況下，公司的反應可能不夠迅速或周到，那么公司就會變得很困難。而下文以ToyotaMotor（該公司在今年早些時候的召回危機中采取了相對迅速和精心策劃的社交媒體應對行動，包括在Twitter和Facebook等網站上直接與消費者互動，從而減輕了部分損失）為例，則展示了當發(fā)生“劫持媒體”這種情況時，如果應對迅速得當，那么就可以減輕損失。因此，ToyotaMotor是一個有效應對被綁架媒體的例子。故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解NormanMerriamWebsterBES—1850Dictionary

Thishandytranslatorprovidesyouwith5,000,000totaltranslationtoandfromSpanishandEnglish!Thisdictionaryisspeciallydesignedforalllevelsoflanguageabilityfrombeginnerstoadvancedlearners.

BrandV7Dictionary/Translator

ThisspecialmodelfeaturesthelargestandmostcompleteRussian-Englishdictionary.AdvancedEnglishspeech,accentcorrectionfunctionandspecializedtermsdatabasewillhelpyoubettercommunicate.Businessorganizerswillallowyoutostayintouchwiththeworldthroughallkindsofadvancedfeatures.

SeikoWP1500RogetsIIIThesaurusDictionary

Itisthenearestwordfinder.Itisalsogreatforcrosswordpuzzles.Itwillshowyouthetime,dayanddateoflocaltimezoneandthesameforover100citiesthroughouttheworldbysimplyenteringthefirstletterofthenameofthecity.

TheLingoTraveler18

Itisaninternationaltranslatorcontainingover96,000wordsand8,000usefulphrases.Equippedwithapowerfuldatabank,theLingoTraveler18allowsyoutostoreallofyourappointments,telephonenumbers,andaddresses.（1）WhichdictionarycanhelptoimproveyourSpanish?A.

SeikoWP1500RogetsIIIThesaurusDictionary

B.

TheLingoTraveler18C.

NormanMerriamWebsterBES—1850Dictionary

D.

BrandV7Dictionary/Translator（2）WhichofthefollowingisthemostcompleteRussian-Englishdictionary?A.

TheLingoTraveler18B.

BrandV7Dictionary/TranslatorC.

SeikoWP1500RogetsIIIThesaurusDictionaryD.

NormanMerriamWebsterBES—1850Dictionary（3）WhatsetstheLingoTraveler18apartfromotherdictionaries?A.

Itprovidesreaderswith96,000phrasesand8,000words.B.

Itshowsthetime,dayanddateoflocaltimezoneover100cities.C.

Itoffersadvancedfeaturesforyoutostayintouchwiththeworld.D.

Itcanstoreyourappointments,telephonenumbersandaddresses.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文，推薦了一些電子詞典，并介紹了每款電子詞典的優(yōu)點。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)NormanMerriamWebsterBES—1850Dictionary部分中的“Thishandytranslatorprovidesyouwith5,000,000totaltranslationtoandfromSpanishandEnglish!”可知NormanMerriamWebsterBES—185Dictionary提供了西班牙語和英語互譯的五百萬條翻譯，故推測該詞典可以幫助學好西班牙語。選C。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)BrandV7Dictionary/Translator部分中的“ThisspecialmodelfeaturesthelargestandmostcompleteRussian-Englishdictionary.”可知BrandV7Dictionary/Translator是最大和最完整的俄英詞典。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)前面三部分的內容和TheLingoTraveler18部分中的“theLingoTraveler18allowsyoutostoreallofyourappointments,telephonenumbers,andaddresses.”可知，只有LingoTraveler有存儲預約，電話號碼和地址的功能。這是它與其它三種電子詞典的不同之處。D.Itcanstoreyourappointments,telephonenumbersandaddresses.“它能夠儲存預約，電話號碼和地址”符合以上說法，故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解SmartKidsFestivalEvents

SmartKidsisacollectionofonehundredeventsscheduledinOctober.Thisyear,itisexperimentingwithPayWhatYouDecide(PWYD).Thatis,youcandecidetopaywhatyouwanttoorcanafford,afteryouhaveattendedanevent.Youcanpre-bookeventswithoutpayingforaticketinadvance.Herearesomeofthedirector'spicks.

WalkontheWildSide

Notticketed,Free

JoinstorytellerSarahLawtohearsciencestoriesaboutanimals.Alongthewayyou'llmeetallsortsofbeautifulcreaturesanddiscoverlifecyclesandfoodchains.Bestsuitedtochildrenaged5-9.Childrenunder8mustbeaccompaniedbyanadult.

IntroductiontoWaves

Pre-book,PWYD

Subjectsrangefromsoundwavestogravitywaves,andfromwavesoflighttocrashingwavesontheocean.MikeGoldsmithexploresthefundamentalfeaturessharedbyallwavesinthenaturalworld.

ScienceintheField

Notticketed,Free

Thisstorytellingnightfeaturesascientistsharinghisfavouritememoriesofgatheringfirst-handdataonvariousfieldtrips.Comealongforinspiringandinformativestoriesstraightfromthescientist'smouth.JoinMarkSamuelstofindoutmoreinthisfun-filledworkshop.

FestivalDinner

Pre-book,￡25perperson

Whetheryouwanttoexploremoreaboutfood,orjustfancyatalkoverameal,joinustomarkthefirstsciencefestivalinLondon.Whichfoodsshouldyoueattotrickyourbrainintothinkingthatyouarefull?FindoutmorefromTomCrawford.（1）Inwhicheventcanyoudecidethepayment?A.

WalkontheWildSide

B.

IntroductiontoWavesC.

ScienceintheField

D.

FestivalDinner（2）Whowilltalkaboutexperiencesofcollectingdirectdata?A.SarahLaw.B.MikeGoldsmith.C.MarkSamuels.D.TomCrawford.（3）Whatdothefoureventshaveincommon?A.Family-based.B.Science-themed.C.Pickedbychildren.D.Filledwithadventures.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文，介紹了SmartKids收集的在十月份舉行的四項以科學會主題的活動，以及各個活動的內容和特色。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thisyear,itisexperimentingwithPayWhatYouDecide(PWYD).Thatis,youcandecidetopaywhatyouwanttoorcanafford”可知PWYD中你可以決定付款，而四項活動中只有IntroductiontoWaves有PWYD，故選B。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)ScienceintheField部分中的“Thisstorytellingnightfeaturesascientistsharinghisfavouritememoriesofgatheringfirst-handdataonvariousfieldtrips.”可知MarkSamuels會分享他最喜歡的收集各種實地考察第一手數(shù)據(jù)的記憶。故選C。（3）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第二段中的“JoinstorytellerSarahLawtohearsciencestoriesaboutanimals.”和講故事的薩拉·勞一起來聽關于動物的科學故事；第三段中的“Subjectsrangefromsoundwavestogravitywaves,andfromwavesoflighttocrashingwavesontheocean.”實驗對象范圍從聲波到重力波，從光波到撞擊海洋的波浪；第四段中的“Thisstorytellingnightfeaturesascientistsharinghisfavouritememoriesofgatheringfirst-handdataonvariousfieldtrips.”這位科學家會分享他最喜歡的收集各種實地考察第一手數(shù)據(jù)的記憶；以及最后一段中的“Whetheryouwanttoexploremoreaboutfood,orjustfancyatalkoverameal,joinustomarkthefirstsciencefestivalinLondon.”無論你是想探索更多關于食物的知識，還是只是想邊吃邊聊，加入我們來紀念倫敦首屆科學節(jié)吧?？芍@四項活動的共同點都是以科學為主題的，故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Waterisanecessityoflife.Rain,especially,helpsplantsgrowandstaygreen.Buttoomuchrain,especiallyincities,canleadtoflooding.Thatcancausewastewatersystemstooverflowandsendpollutantsintoriversandotherwaterways.Tofighttheproblem,severalcitiesintheUnitedStatesarestartingprogramslikerooftopgardens.

AteamattheUniversityoftheDistrictofColumbiainthenation'scapitalhascreatedagardenonthetopofoneschoolbuilding.Thegardenholdsmanykindsofplantstohelpabsorbrainwaterandgrowfoodatthesametime.ArchitectDavidBellhasdesignedfive"greenroofs"fortheuniversity.Hesaysheisexcitedabouttheprojectbecause"itmeantdoingsomethingmorethanjustdealingwithstormwatermanagement.Ittookadvantageofaresourceabovethecityandtheseflatroofsthataren'tdoinganythingreallybecamesomethingthatwasabouturbanagriculture."Rainwateriscollectedinlargecontainersandsentthroughasystemthatwaterstherooftopgarden.Theroofisfilledwithgreenlifethatappealstoinsects.

Incities,"youdon'thavethatmanyspacestochoosefromandsorooftopsarejust(unused)space,"saysCaitlinArlotta.Sheisastudentintheschool'sUrbanAgricultureprogram.Theprojectispartofaresearchprogramtoseewhichplantsdowellonrooftops.Theresearchersarelookingatplantsincludingstrawberries,tomatoesandsweetpotatoes.Theuniversityalsohasothergreenspaces."Wealsohaveourownfarmexperiments,"Arlottasaid."Withineachofthosegrowingsystems,wewanttobeabletotellpeoplewhichsortsofthesecropsgrowthebest."

SandyFarberBandierhelpsrunUDC'sMasterGardenerprogram.ItseekstoimprovecitiesandmakethembeautifulbytrainingpeopletobecomeMasterGardeners.Shesaysshe'sbeensurprisedbythegarden'soutput."Mybiggestsurprisewasthatweproduced4,250poundsofproducethefirstyearandwasabletospreadthattopeopleinneed."ShealsolikesbeingabletoshowpeoplewholiveinD.C.andothersbeyondthenation'scapitalwhatandhowfoodcanbegrownonarooftop."Thisisthefutureforfood.Yougrowithere,youprepareitinacommercialkitchen,youdistributethroughfarmersmarkets,foodtrucks,andthenyourecycle."（1）Whatdoweknowabouttherooftopgardens?A.

Rooftopgardensareverycommoninaverageneighborhoods.B.

Therearemanysortsofplantstherewhichhelptakeinrainwater.C.

They'replayinganimportantroleinthecity'sfoodsupply.D.

Rooftopgardensarenomorethancontainerstocollectrainwater.（2）WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3?A.

Rooftopscanofferenoughspacetoplantcrops.B.

Manyplantslikestrawberriescangrowwellonrooftops.C.

SomeuniversitystudentsareparticipatingintheUrbanAgricultureprogram.D.

Theplantsinrooftopgardensareattractivetomanyinsects.（3）HowdoesSandyFarberBandierfeelaboutthefutureofrooftopgardens?A.

Confident.

B.

Doubtful.

C.

Worried.

D.

Ambiguous.（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.

RainwaterNecessityforPlantLife

B.

GreenRoofs-TheFutureofUrbanAgricultureC.

TheUnitedStates'AgricultureProgram

D.

RooftopGardens-FoodParadise【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應用文，介紹了美國的幾個城市正在啟動屋頂花園等項目。美國由于雨水過多，為了避免浪費，美國的幾個城市正在啟動屋頂花園等項目。在大學校舍的頂部建造花園，種植多種植物吸收雨水，利用城市上空的一種資源，成為了城市農業(yè)的一部分。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Thegardenholdsmanykindsofplantstohelpabsorbrainwaterandgrowfoodatthesametime."可知，花園里有多種植物，可以幫助吸收雨水，故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Sheisastudentintheschool'sUrbanAgricultureprogram...Theresearchersarelookingatplantsincludingstrawberries,tomatoesandsweetpotatoes.Theuniversityalsohasothergreenspaces.‘Wealsohaveourownfarmexperiments’?！笨芍?，凱特琳·阿洛塔是該校都市農業(yè)計劃的學生。"研究人員正在研究包括草莓、西紅柿和甘薯在內的植物。這所大學還有其他綠地。"，"我們也有自己的農場實驗"，由此可推斷出有許多大學生正在參與這項城市農業(yè)計劃。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ShealsolikesbeingabletoshowpeoplewholiveinD.C.andothersbeyondthenation'scapitalwhat

andhow

foodcanbegrownonarooftop.‘Thisisthefutureforfood.Yougrowithere,youprepareitinacommercialkitchen,youdistributethroughfarmersmarkets,foodtrucks,andthenyourecycle.’"SandyFarberBandier喜歡向住在華盛頓特區(qū)和首都以外地區(qū)的人們展示在屋頂上可以種植什么以及如何種植食物。她認為"這是食品的未來。你在這里種植，在商業(yè)廚房里準備，通過農貿市場分發(fā)。食品卡車，然后回收利用。"由此可推斷出她對于屋頂花園的未來很自信。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。第一段說美國由于雨水過多，為了避免浪費，美國的幾個城市正在啟動屋頂花園等項目。接著下文進行了詳細介紹了在大學校舍的頂部建造花園，種植多種植物吸收雨水，利用城市上空的一種資源，成為了城市農業(yè)的一部分，有人認為這是未來的食物。由此可知，本文主要敘述了綠色屋頂城市農業(yè)的未來。綜觀全文可知，文中greenroofs（綠色屋頂）貫穿全文，第一段最后一句greenroofs（綠色屋頂）是建在城市的農業(yè)（UrbanAgriculture），故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解

Doyouknowthatjunkfoodisn'thealthy?Ofcourseyoudo!Doyoueatitanyway?Ofcourseyoudo!Butanewstudyshowsteachingadolescentsaboutthewaysfoodcompaniesfoolthemintothinkingjunkfoodiscoolcanencouragekidstofightback—byeatinghealthier.

Thepullofjunkfoodcanbesuper-strong.It'sdesignedtotasty;whichmakeseatingwelloneofthegreathealthchallengesofourtime.Everyonefromdoctorstothegovernmenthasbeentryingtohandleit.Yetwekeepeatingjunkfood.

ProfessorChristopherBryansays,"Foodcompanieswantyoutowantjunkfood."Theyspendmillionsofdollarscomingupwithnewwaysto^promotejunkfoodconsumption.Theyhirescientiststomakenewjunkfoodalmostirresistible.Theymightdothis,forexample,byaddingmoresugar.Ratsfedjunkfoodforsixweekswillevenwalkacrossafloorthatgivesthemelectricshocksjusttogetmoreofsuchfood.

Foodadsoftenmakeunhealthyjunkfoodseemhealthybyfeaturingprofessionalathletes,fit-lookingpopstarsandsmiling,activeteens."Wethoughtwhenthestudentslearnedthis,itwouldmattertothem,"Bryansays.Heworkedwith8thgradersataTexasschool.HalfofthemgotalessonBryancreated.Itfocusedonthewaysjunkfoodisadvertised,ormarketed.Asecondgroupreceivedlessonsthatfocusedonhealth.Theselessonsinformedstudentsjunkfoodishad,andthatfoodslikeapplesorcarrotsareabetterchoice.Thestudentslearnedabaddietcanleadtomajorweightgain,andthatbeingoverweightputspeopleatriskforseriousdiseases.Theyalsolearnedhoweatingwellnowcankeepyouhealthywhenyou'reolder.

Afterthelessons,thekidsinbothgroupswereaskedhowtheyfeltaboutjunkfood.Mostdidn'thavepositivefeelingsabouttheseunhealthyfoods.（1）Whydoestheauthormentionthequestionsinparagraph1?A.

Toexpresshisdoubtsaboutjunkfood.

B.

Topromotetheideaofhealthyeating.C.

Todescribethesituationofjunkfood.

D.

Tointroducethetopicfordiscussion.（2）Whatremainsagreathealthchallengetodoctors?A.

Makingpeopledomoreexercise.

B.

Makingpeopleeathealthily.C.

Makingpeopleloseweight.

D.

Makingpeoplepreferjunkfood.（3）Whatmessagedoesparagraph3mainlytrytoconvey?A.

Whatmakesjunkfoodalmostimpossibletoresist.B.

Whatinfluencesjunkfoodcanhaveonconsumers.C.

Howfoodcompaniestrytogetpeopletoreachforjunkfood.D.

Whyfoodcompaniespromotetheconsumptionofjunkfood.（4）WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeBryan'slessons?A.

Shocking.

B.

Popular.

C.

Effective.

D.

Abstract.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究表明：讓青少年了解食品公司的推銷方式比單純告訴他們垃圾食品的危害更能讓他們選擇健康的飲食。（1）考查推理判斷?？v觀全文可知本文介紹了一項研究：讓青少年了解食品公司的推銷方式比單純告訴他們垃圾食品的危害更能讓他們選擇健康的飲食?？梢酝茢喑觯恼碌谝欢沃刑峒澳莾蓚€問題Doyouknowthatjunkfoodisn'thealthy?你知道垃圾食品不健康嗎？Doy