亮點(diǎn)教育英語(yǔ)學(xué)科導(dǎo)學(xué)案（第2次課）教師:肖志君學(xué)生:陳譽(yù)佳年級(jí)8日期:星期:時(shí)段:課題現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)2教學(xué)目標(biāo)與考點(diǎn)分析瞬間動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之間轉(zhuǎn)化；過(guò)去式和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別，havebeento,,havegoneto,havebeeenin的區(qū)別。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)瞬間動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞之間轉(zhuǎn)化；過(guò)去式和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別教學(xué)方法講練結(jié)合，ppt教學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容與過(guò)程一：復(fù)習(xí)：上節(jié)課講的內(nèi)容?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）時(shí)態(tài)的實(shí)際意義現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作/狀態(tài),或者過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。（2）基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式：2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定結(jié)構(gòu)3.其一般疑問(wèn)句4.肯定.的簡(jiǎn)略回答是：Yes，主語(yǔ)＋have/has.，5.否定的簡(jiǎn)略回答是：No，主語(yǔ)＋have/hasnot.。（3）兩種基本用法1.“過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷”：動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻且已經(jīng)結(jié)束，但未說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的具體時(shí)間或情景，強(qiáng)調(diào)該經(jīng)歷(即動(dòng)作發(fā)生后)對(duì)現(xiàn)在所造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。如：Ihaveheardoftheman.我聽說(shuō)過(guò)這個(gè)人。2.“完成情況”：表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。句子中一般有說(shuō)明其完成情況的短語(yǔ)或從句。①句子中有“已發(fā)生了多久”的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的短語(yǔ)或從句。如IhavelivedinShanghaisinceIwastenyearsold.我從十歲起就住在上海。②說(shuō)明“到說(shuō)話時(shí)為止，已完成了多少”。即句中，含有表示“完成了多少”的賓語(yǔ)二：新課看下列句子MymotherhasgonetoLondon.媽媽去了倫敦。（媽媽現(xiàn)在就在倫敦，不在家）MymotherhasbeentoLondon.媽媽去過(guò)倫敦。（媽媽現(xiàn)在不在倫敦）練習(xí)：1.Jennyiswell-traveled.Shehas______________toGermanytwice.2.Janeisn‘tinnow.Shehas______________totheoffice.CanItakeamessage?3.Myfatherisasuccessfulbusinessman.He‘s______________tomanycountries.4.It‘sadangerousplace.Nobodyhasever______________there.5.Themanagerhas______________toBeijing.Hewillbebacktomorrow.6.Thetigerofthezooismissing.Noneofusknowswhereithas______________.比較：Havebeento去過(guò)某地，現(xiàn)在不在那里IhavebeentoParis.NowIamstayinginZhuhai.Havebeenin一直呆在某地，后接地點(diǎn)IcametoZhuhaiin2004.SoIhavebeeninZhuhaifor2yearsalready.Havebeen后接名詞和表狀態(tài)的詞組Ihavebeenateachersince2004.IhavebeenatNo.4MiddleSchoolfor2years.Havegoneto已經(jīng)去某地了。（可能在路上，可能到了那個(gè)地方）練習(xí)：1.Someofushave______________Zhuhaiforonlyaweek.2.Susanhas______________inthisbandforoverfiveyears.Myfatherhas______________Guangdongseveraltimes.Ithas______________alongtimesinceIfirstmetJohnny.HelovesZhuhaiandhehas______________therequiteafewtimes.Judiehasalways______________agoodstudentandherclassmateslikeher.Tonyhas______________Americabefore,sothistimehewilltraveltoFrance.8.Betty‘s__________athomeforthreedays.Shedoesn’tfeelinglikegoingout.9.Thebosshas______________theofficesinceearlythismorning.Heworkshard.2.瞬間動(dòng)詞和持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用于完成時(shí)的區(qū)別延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷，瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與表示段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Hehascompletedthework.他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。(表結(jié)果)Juliahasborrowedthebook.Julia已經(jīng)借了那本書。I'veknownhimsincethen.我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。(表經(jīng)歷)Juliahaskeptthebookfor3days.Julia已借了三天這本書了。用于till/until從句的差異延續(xù)動(dòng)詞用于肯定句，表示―做……直到……‖瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定句，表示―到…才…‖Hedidn?tcomebackuntilteno‘clock.他到10點(diǎn)才回來(lái)。Hesleptuntilteno'clock.他一直睡到10點(diǎn)。瞬間動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,但是他可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.1.直接用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞buy–havecatch(get)acold–haveacoldborrow—keepCome/go/become—beputon--wear2.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名詞jointhearmy–beasoldierJointheParty–beaPartymembergotoschool–beastudent3轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞die—bedeadfinish–beoverbegin—beonleave—beawayfallsleep–beasleepclose–beclosed轉(zhuǎn)換成be+介詞短語(yǔ)gotoschool–beinschooljointhearmy–beinthearmyEg;我們買這本書三年了.Wehavehadthebookforthreeyears.Weboughtthebookthreeyearsago2.他感冒三天了.Hehashadacoldforthreedays.Hecaughtacoldthreedaysago.1.Hisuncle____________(die)fortwoyears.2.Helefthishometownthreeyearsago.(改為同義句)He________________________hishometownforthreeyears.瞬間動(dòng)詞和持續(xù)動(dòng)詞的練習(xí)判斷正誤：1.Annhasbecomeateacherfor4years.2.MariahasborrowedtheCDfrommeforaoveraweek.3.Jeffhasn’thadadayoffsincelastMonday.4.Normanhasputthemachinerightforafewhours.5.Thestudentshavefinishedthehomeworkforawhile.6.Thefrontdoorhasbeenopenfor8hoursalready.7.Themeetinghaslastedfortwohoursandahalf.8.Berryhasbeenlateforschoolseveraltimesthisterm.9.IhavemetPhiliponce.10.TheGreenshaveeatenthesupperfortwohours.73、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別1）一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）2）一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow,from..on,--具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,--模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如yesterday,last,week,in1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)（錯(cuò)）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.1.He____________(work)inourschoolforoneyear.2.He______(come)toourschoollastyear/in2002.3.They_______________(cook)thesupperalready.4.They___________(cook)thesupperhalfanhourago.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)鞏固練習(xí)Multiplechoice1.You‘veneverseensuchawonderfulfilmbefore,_______?Ahaven‘tyouBhaveyouCdoyouDdon‘tyou--AnnhasgonetoShanghai.---So________herparents.A.doB.doesC.hasD.HaveIhavewatchedthegame.--When____you____it?AhavewatchedBdowatchCdidwatchDwillwatch4.Mr.Green____inChinasincefiveyearsago.AlivedBhaslivedClivesDisgoingtolive5.Hisgrandma______fortwoyears.AdiedBhasbeendeadCwasdeadDhasdied6.–WhereisHanMeinow?---She____toShanghai.Shewillbebackintwodays.AhasgoneBhasbeenCgoesDhadgone7.---_____totheUnitedStated?----No,never,butIwenttoCanadaafewyearsago.A.DidyougoB.DoyougoC.HaveyoubeenD.Haveyougone8.Youhaven‘tchangedyourmind,_______?AdoyouBareyouChaveyouDdidyou8Translation二、用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Withabookinhishand,Mr.Liu______(hurry)toentertheroomjustnow.2.Nicolas_________(make)alotoffriendssince2000.3.They_________(know)manyforeignersuptillnow.4.He_________already_______(write)alettertothepresidentoftheU.S.A.5.—When_________she_________(leave)?—4weeksago.6.—_________youever_________(watch)themovie?—Yes,I_________.—Where__________you________(watch)it?—AtBeijingTheater.7.—Sally,I_________(notsee)youforalongtime.—Yeah,Ialsomissyouverymuch.8.Theclass______(end).fortenminutes.9.Howlong_________she_________(be)ill?10.They_______(stop)tohavearestalready.三．翻譯句子1.我已經(jīng)做完家庭作業(yè)了。__________________________2.Hehasjusthadhismeal．______________________3.HaveyoueversungthisEnglishsong？________________________________？4.Theyhaven‘tstartedyet．_________________________5.Wehaveneverheardofit．______________。6.我去過(guò)北京三次。_______________________課內(nèi)練習(xí)與訓(xùn)練專題練習(xí)（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）單項(xiàng)選擇1.—Mygod!I______thebookfromthelibraryformorethantwomonths.—Gotoseeifyouwillbefined.A.havelentB.haveborrowedC.havereturnedD.havekept—David,wherehaveyou______recently?—Ihave______toShanghaiwithclassmates.A.been,goneB.been,beenC.gone,beenD.gone,gone—WhereisJack’sbrother?Ihaven’tseenhimforalongtime.—______.A.HehasbeentoSuzhouB.HehasgonetoSuzhouC.HeisgoingtoSuzhouD.HewillgotoSuzhou4.Myfriendshave______theresincethefirmsetup.A.workB.startworkingC.beguntoworkD.workedSara______theSummerPalacetwice.A.wenttoB.goestoC.hasgonetoD.hasbeento6.It______20yearssincethey______toChina.A.was,cameB.was,havecomeC.is,havecomeD.is,came7.----______toItaly?----No,never,butIwenttoFrance5yearsago.A.DidyougoB.HaveyougoneC.HaveyoubeenD.Areyougoing8.SheisnotgoingtotheconcertsthisSundaynightbecauseshe______herticket.A.didn’tloseB.haslostC.willloseD.didn’thaveStephenhasstudiedChineseinChina______.A.forthreemonthsB.threemonthsagoC.sincethreemonthsD.forthreemonthsago10.We______ourmissionsofar.Itisreallyfantastic.A．tofinishB.finishC.havefinishedD.finishing11.Mathew_______already_______EtonTownsince1998.A.have,livedB.has,livedC.have,liveD.has,living12.----Areyoufamiliarwiththefamoussinger---JayChou?----Certainly!I_________tohisconcertsmanytimes.A.goB.amgoingC.havegoneD.goes----Nowadaysmyhometownhastakenanewlook.Itissowonderful.----Really.Greatchanges_______________duringthepast30years.A.havetakenplaceB.aretakenplaceC.tookplaceD.takeplace----Whereismywallet?----I__________itherejustnowbutIcan’tfinditnow.A.sawB.haveseenC.wasseeingD.see15.It’s8:00now.You_______towriteyourhomeworkyet,Bob.A.haven’tstartedB.Didn’tstartC.don’tstartD.won’tstartMyeldersister____anewpairoftrouserslastnight.I_______themon.Theyareperfect.A.hasmade,triedB.made,triedC.hadmade,havetriedD.made,havetried17．----We____howtodrivealready.----When______youlearn?----Twoyearsago!A.learned,doesB.learned,didC.havelearned,doesD.havelearned,did18.Billy_____upforafewminutes.A.wasgettingB.isgettingC.hasgotD.hasbeen----____Jimandyou_____theparagraphs_____?----Yes,we____themlastnight.AHave,copied,already,haveB.Did,copy,yet,didC.Have,copied,yet,didD.Did,copy,ever,had20.----Haveyoufinishedyourhomework______?----No,_________.A.already,notyetB.yet,notyetC.already,Ihaven’tD.ever,notyetWhenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebus_____for20minutes.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenawayI______theLeaguefor5yearssofar。A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeeninThefactory____sincetheFebruaryof1988.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.openedMaryandRose____friendssincetheymetin2000.A.havemadeB.havebeenC.MadeD.havebecome25.Youmustn't_____untilhecomesback.A.beawayB.leaveC.beleft26.Themeeting_____foraweeknow.A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenoverMissGao______thisschoolfornearly5years.A.hasbeeninB.hascometoC.hastaught28.Ben______ateacherfor4years.A.hasbeenB.hasbecomeC.wasD.becameI______homeforaweek.A.havereturnedB.havebeenbackC.returnedHowlong_______he________?A.diedB.has,diedC.has,beendeadHe______ateightyesterdayafternoon.A.sleptB.wassleepingC.hassleepD.hadslept32.He________thecarforaweek.A.boughtB.hasboughtC.hashad-----Howlong_____you_____ill?-----Twoweeks.A.didfallB.have,fellC.have,been34.Since2000,he_____hishometown.A.hasleftB.hasmovedawayC.hasbeenawayfromI'lllendyouthebook,butyoucanonly_____itfor2days.A.borrowB.keepC.Take36.Thebus______ontheroadfor2hourssofar.A.hasstoppedB.stoppedC.hasbeenAreyou_____thejacketthesedays?A.wearingB.puttingonC.dressingD.on38.He________for2hours.A.gotupB.hasgotupC.hasbeenup39.Tomisillinhospital.He______acoldforseveraldays.A.isB.catchesC.hascaughtD.hashad40.-----HowlongcanI______thebook?----Twoweeks.A.borrowB.lendC.getD.Keep二、按要求完成句子(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換，每空一詞)。1.Thetwinsarrivedhomethreedays