大學(xué)英語4(專升本)試題及答案一、詞匯與語法（共40分，每題2分）（一）單項(xiàng)選擇題1.Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds________hisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.A.tobebasedonB.tobaseonC.whichtobaseonD.onwhichtobase答案：D解析：本題考查“介詞+關(guān)系代詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。base...on...表示“把……建立在……基礎(chǔ)上”，這里是說教授很難找到足夠的依據(jù)來支撐他支持新理論的論點(diǎn)，用onwhichtobase作后置定語，相當(dāng)于定語從句onwhichhecouldbasehisarguments。2.________intheUnitedStates,St.Louishasnowbecomethe24thlargestcity.A.ItisthefourthbiggestcityB.OncethefourthbiggestcityC.BeingthefourthbiggestcityD.Thefourthbiggestcityitwas答案：B解析：Oncethefourthbiggestcity是省略結(jié)構(gòu)，完整形式是Onceitwasthefourthbiggestcity，在句中作狀語，用來描述圣路易斯過去的情況，其他選項(xiàng)不符合句子結(jié)構(gòu)要求。3.Heisquitesurethatit’s________impossibleforhimtofulfillthetaskwithintwodays.A.absolutelyB.exclusivelyC.fullyD.roughly答案：A解析：absolutely意為“絕對(duì)地”，符合語境，表示他非常確定在兩天內(nèi)完成任務(wù)是絕對(duì)不可能的；exclusively意為“專門地，排他地”；fully意為“完全地”，但語氣不如absolutely強(qiáng)烈；roughly意為“大約，粗略地”。4.Therearesigns________restaurantsarebecomingmorepopularwithfamilies.A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.whose答案：A解析：that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋說明signs的具體內(nèi)容，從句中不缺成分，用that連接，其他選項(xiàng)不符合該從句的語法要求。5.IthinkIwasatschool,________IwasstayingwithafriendsduringthevacationwhenIheardthenews.A.andthenB.evensoC.orelseD.orso答案：C解析：orelse表示“否則，要不然”，這里表示一種推測(cè)，即我覺得我當(dāng)時(shí)要么在學(xué)校，要么在假期和朋友待在一起時(shí)聽到了這個(gè)消息；andthen表示“然后”；evenso表示“即便如此”；orso表示“大約”。6.Itissaidthatthemathteacherseems________towardsbrightstudents.A.partialB.beneficialC.preferableD.liable答案：A解析：bepartialto是固定搭配，意為“對(duì)……偏袒，偏愛”，符合語境，說數(shù)學(xué)老師似乎偏愛聰明的學(xué)生；beneficial意為“有益的”；preferable意為“更可取的”；liable意為“有責(zé)任的，易……的”。7.Inordertoshowhisbosswhatacarefulworkerhewas,hetook________troubleoverthefigures.A.extensiveB.spareC.extraD.supreme答案：C解析：takeextratroubleover表示“在……上格外費(fèi)心”，符合他想向老板展示自己是個(gè)細(xì)心員工的語境；extensive意為“廣泛的”；spare意為“空閑的，備用的”；supreme意為“最高的，至上的”。8.“MayIspeaktoyourmanagerMr.Williamsatfiveo’clocktonight?”“I’msorry.Mr.Williams________toaconferencelongbeforethen.”A.willhavegoneB.hadgoneC.wouldhavegoneD.hasgone答案：A解析：根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語longbeforethen（在那之前很久）以及tonight可知，這里表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，要用將來完成時(shí)，即willhavedone的形式，所以選A。9.You________himsoclosely;youshouldhavekeptyourdistance.A.shouldn’tfollowB.mustn’tfollowC.couldn’thavebeenfollowingD.shouldn’thavebeenfollowing答案：D解析：shouldn’thavebeendoing表示“本不應(yīng)該一直做某事（但實(shí)際上一直在做）”，符合語境，說你本不應(yīng)該一直那么近距離地跟著他，你應(yīng)該保持距離；A選項(xiàng)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的否定，不符合時(shí)態(tài)要求；B選項(xiàng)mustn’t表示禁止；C選項(xiàng)couldn’thavebeenfollowing表示“不可能一直在做”，與語義不符。10.Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingschemes,________morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.A.haveallowedB.allowC.allowingD.allows答案：D解析：句子的主語是Thegrowth，是單數(shù)，所以謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式allows，其他選項(xiàng)的形式不符合主謂一致原則。11.Everybody________inthehallwheretheywerewelcomedbythesecretary.A.assembledB.accumulatedC.piledD.joined答案：A解析：assemble意為“集合，聚集”，符合語境，說每個(gè)人都聚集在大廳里，在那里他們受到了秘書的歡迎；accumulate意為“積累，積聚”；pile意為“堆積”；join意為“加入，參加”。12.Puttinginanewwindowwill________cuttingawaypartoftheroof.A.includeB.involveC.containD.comprise答案：B解析：involve意為“涉及，包含”，后接動(dòng)名詞形式，這里說安裝一個(gè)新窗戶將涉及到切掉一部分屋頂；include強(qiáng)調(diào)“包括，包含”的范圍；contain強(qiáng)調(diào)“容納，包含”的內(nèi)容；comprise意為“由……組成”。13.LivinginthecentralAustraliandeserthasitsproblems,________obtainingwaterisnottheleast.A.forwhichB.towhichC.ofwhichD.inwhich答案：C解析：ofwhich引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，of表示所屬關(guān)系，這里說獲取水是生活在澳大利亞中部沙漠所面臨問題中的一個(gè)，即ofitsproblems，所以用ofwhich。14.Thesoldierwas________ofrunningawaywhentheenemyattacked.A.scoldedB.chargedC.accusedD.punished答案：C解析：beaccusedof是固定搭配，意為“被指控，被指責(zé)”，符合語境，說這個(gè)士兵被指責(zé)在敵人進(jìn)攻時(shí)逃跑；scold通常與for搭配，bescoldedfor表示“因……而被責(zé)罵”；charge與with搭配，bechargedwith表示“被指控（犯罪）”；punish與for搭配，bepunishedfor表示“因……而受懲罰”。15.Alotofantsarealwaysinvadingmykitchen.Theyareathorough________.A.nuisanceB.troubleC.worryD.anxiety答案：A解析：nuisance意為“討厭的人或事”，符合語境，說很多螞蟻總是入侵我的廚房，它們真是太討厭了；trouble意為“麻煩，困難”；worry意為“擔(dān)憂，擔(dān)心”；anxiety意為“焦慮，憂慮”。16.WhenIcaughthim________meIstoppedbuyingthingsthereandstarteddealingwithanothershop.A.cheatingB.cheatC.tocheatD.tobecheating答案：A解析：catchsb.doingsth.是固定用法，意為“抓住某人正在做某事”，所以這里用cheating。17.Themanagerspokehighlyofsuch________asloyalty,courageandtruthfulnessshownbyhisemployees.A.virtuesB.featuresC.propertiesD.characteristics答案：A解析：virtue意為“美德，優(yōu)點(diǎn)”，loyalty（忠誠）、courage（勇氣）和truthfulness（誠實(shí)）都屬于美德范疇，符合語境；feature意為“特征，特點(diǎn)”；property意為“財(cái)產(chǎn)，性質(zhì)”；characteristic意為“特點(diǎn)，特性”。18.Sincethematterwasextremely________,wedealtwithitimmediately.A.toughB.tenseC.urgentD.instant答案：C解析：urgent意為“緊急的”，符合語境，說因?yàn)槭虑闃O其緊急，所以我們立刻處理了它；tough意為“艱難的，強(qiáng)硬的”；tense意為“緊張的”；instant意為“立即的，瞬間的”，但沒有urgent強(qiáng)調(diào)緊急的程度。19.Youdon’thavetobeinsuchahurry.Iwouldratheryou________onbusinessfirst.A.wouldgoB.willgoC.wentD.havegone答案：C解析：wouldrather后面接從句時(shí)，從句要用虛擬語氣，若表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿?，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式，所以選went。20.WhenItrytounderstand________thatpreventssomanyAmericansfrombeingashappyasonemightexpect,itseemstomethattherearetwocauses.A.whyitdoesB.whatitdoesC.whatitisD.whyitis答案：C解析：這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句形式作賓語從句。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)是Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他部分，這里被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是what，作prevents的主語，所以選C。二、閱讀理解（共40分，每題4分）（一）Inbringingupchildren,everyparentwatcheseagerlythechild’sacquisition(學(xué)會(huì))ofeachnewskill—thefirstspokenwords,thefirstindependentsteps,orthebeginningofreadingandwriting.Itisoftentemptingtohurrythechildbeyondhisnaturallearningrate,butthiscansetupdangerousfeelingsoffailureandstatesofworryinthechild.Thismighthappenatanystage.Ababymightbeforcedtouseatoilettooearly,ayoungchildmightbeencouragedtolearntoreadbeforeheknowsthemeaningofthewordshereads.Ontheotherhand,though,ifachildisleftalonetoomuch,orwithoutanylearningopportunities,heloseshisnaturalenthusiasmforlifeandhisdesiretofindoutnewthingsforhimself.Parentsvarygreatlyintheirdegreeofstrictnesstowardstheirchildren.Somemaybeespeciallystrictinmoneymatters.Othersaresevereovertimesofcominghomeatnightorpunctualityformeals.Ingeneral,thecontrolsimposedrepresenttheneedsoftheparentsandthevaluesofthecommunityasmuchasthechild’sownhappiness.Asregardsthedevelopmentofmoralstandardsinthegrowingchild,consistencyisveryimportantinparentalteaching.Toforbidathingonedayandexcuseitthenextisnofoundationformorality(道德).Also,parentsshouldrealizethat“exampleisbetterthanprecept”.Iftheyarenotsincereanddonotpracticewhattheypreach(說教),theirchildrenmaygrowconfused,andemotionallyinsecurewhentheygrowoldenoughtothinkforthemselves,andrealizetheyhavebeentosomeextentfooled.Asuddenawarenessofamarkeddifferencebetweentheirparents’principlesandtheirmoralscanbeadangerousdisappointment.1.Eagerlywatchingthechild’sacquisitionofnewskills________.A.shouldbeavoidedB.isuniversalamongparentsC.setsupdangerousstatesofworryinthechildD.willmakehimloseinterestinlearningnewthings答案：B解析：根據(jù)文章第一句“Inbringingupchildren,everyparentwatcheseagerlythechild’sacquisition(學(xué)會(huì))ofeachnewskill”可知，每個(gè)父母都會(huì)急切地關(guān)注孩子學(xué)會(huì)新技能，這在父母中是普遍存在的，所以選B。2.Intheprocessofchildren’slearningnewskillsparents________.A.shouldencouragethemtoreadbeforetheyknowthemeaningofthewordstheyreadB.shouldnotexpecttoomuchofthemC.shouldachieveabalancebetweenpushingthemtoohardandleavingthemontheirownD.shouldcreateasmanylearningopportunitiesaspossible答案：C解析：文章第一段提到“Itisoftentemptingtohurrythechildbeyondhisnaturallearningrate,butthiscansetupdangerousfeelingsoffailureandstatesofworryinthechild”以及“ifachildisleftalonetoomuch,orwithoutanylearningopportunities,heloseshisnaturalenthusiasmforlifeandhisdesiretofindoutnewthingsforhimself”，說明父母在孩子學(xué)習(xí)新技能時(shí)，既不能逼得太緊，也不能完全放任不管，要達(dá)到一個(gè)平衡，所以選C。3.Thesecondparagraphmainlytellsusthat________.A.parentsshouldbestrictwiththeirchildrenB.parentalcontrolsreflectonlytheneedsoftheparentsandthevaluesofthecommunityC.parentalrestrictionsvary,andarenotalwaysintendedforthesakeofthechildaloneD.parentsvaryintheirstrictnesstowardstheirchildrenaccordingtothesituation答案：C解析：第二段首句指出“Parentsvarygreatlyintheirdegreeofstrictnesstowardstheirchildren”，接著舉例說明不同父母在不同方面嚴(yán)格要求孩子，最后說“thecontrolsimposedrepresenttheneedsoftheparentsandthevaluesofthecommunityasmuchasthechild’sownhappiness”，說明父母的限制各不相同，且不只是為了孩子的幸福，還反映了父母的需求和社會(huì)的價(jià)值觀，所以選C。4.Theword“precept”(Line3,Para.3)probablymeans“________”.A.ideaB.punishmentC.behaviorD.instruction答案：D解析：根據(jù)“exampleisbetterthanprecept”以及后面“Iftheyarenotsincereanddonotpracticewhattheypreach(說教)”可知，precept與“說教、教導(dǎo)”意思相近，instruction有“教導(dǎo)，指示”的意思，所以選D。5.Inmoralmatters,parentsshould________.A.observetherulesthemselvesB.beawareofthemarkeddifferencebetweenadultsandchildrenC.forbidthingswhichhavenofoundationinmoralityD.consistentlyensurethesecurityoftheirchildren答案：A解析：文章第三段提到“exampleisbetterthanprecept”以及“Iftheyarenotsincereanddonotpracticewhattheypreach(說教),theirchildrenmaygrowconfused”，說明在道德問題上，父母應(yīng)該以身作則，自己遵守規(guī)則，所以選A。（二）Thehumanbraincontains10thousandmillioncellsandeachofthesemayhaveathousandconnections.Suchenormousnumbersusedtodiscourageusandcauseustodismissthepossibilityofmakingamachinewithhuman-likeability,butnowthatwehavegrownusedtomovingforwardatsuchapacewecanbelesssure.Quitesoon,inonly10or20yearsperhaps,wewillbeabletoassembleamachineascomplexasthehumanbrain,andifwecanwewill.Itmaythentakeusalongtimetorenderitintelligentbyloadingintherightsoftware(軟件)orbyalteringthearchitecturebutthattoowillhappen.Ithinkitcertainthatindecades,notcenturies,machinesofsilicon(硅)willarisefirsttorivalandthenexceedtheirhumanancestors.Oncetheyexceedustheywillbecapableoftheirowndesign.Inarealsensetheywillbeabletoreproducethemselves.Siliconwillhaveendedcarbon’slongcontrol.Andwewillnolongerbeabletoclaimourselvestobethefinestintelligenceintheknownuniverse.Astheintelligenceofrobotsincreasestomatchthatofhumansandastheircostdeclinesthrougheconomiesofscalewemayusethemtoexpandourfrontiers,firstonearththroughtheirabilitytowithstandenvironments,harmfultoourselves.Thus,desertsmaybloomandtheoceanbedsbemined.Furtherahead,byacombinationofthegreatwealththisnewagewillbringandthetechnologyitwillprovide,theconstructionofavast,man-createdworldinspace,hometothousandsormillionsofpeople,willbewithinourpower.1.Inwhatwaycanwemakeamachineintelligent?A.Bymakingitworkinsuchenvironmentsasdeserts,oceansorspace.B.Byworkinghardfor10or20years.C.Byeitherproperlyprogrammingitorchangingitsstructure.D.Byreproducingit.答案：C解析：根據(jù)第一段“Itmaythentakeusalongtimetorenderitintelligentbyloadingintherightsoftware(軟件)orbyalteringthearchitecturebutthattoowillhappen”可知，我們可以通過加載合適的軟件（編程）或者改變其架構(gòu)（結(jié)構(gòu)）來使機(jī)器變得智能，所以選C。2.Whatdoesthewriterthinkaboutmachineswithhuman-likeability?A.Hebelievestheywillbeusefultohumanbeings.B.Hebelievesthattheywillcontrolusinthefuture.C.Heisnotquitesureinwhatwaytheymayinfluenceus.D.Hedoesn’tconsidertheconstructionofsuchmachinespossible.答案：A解析：從第三段“Astheintelligenceofrobotsincreasestomatchthatofhumans...wemayusethemtoexpandourfrontiers”以及后面提到的沙漠變綠洲、開發(fā)海底資源、在太空建造人造世界等內(nèi)容可知，作者認(rèn)為具有人類能力的機(jī)器對(duì)人類是有用的，所以選A。3.Theword“carbon”(Line4,Para.2)standsfor“________”.A.intelligentrobotsB.achemicalelementC.anorganicsubstanceD.humanbeings答案：D解析：根據(jù)前文“machinesofsilicon(硅)willarisefirsttorivalandthenexceedtheirhumanancestors”可知，這里的carbon與silicon（硅代表的機(jī)器）相對(duì)，指的是人類，因?yàn)槿祟惿眢w主要由碳元素構(gòu)成，所以選D。4.Arobotcanbeusedtoexpandourfrontierswhen________.A.itsintelligenceandcostarebeyondquestionB.itisabletobeartheroughenvironmentC.itismadeascomplexasthehumanbrainD.itsarchitectureisdifferentfromthatofthepresentones答案：A解析：根據(jù)第三段“Astheintelligenceofrobotsincreasestomatchthatofhumansandastheircostdeclinesthrougheconomiesofscalewemayusethemtoexpandourfrontiers”可知，當(dāng)機(jī)器人的智能與人類相當(dāng)且成本降低時(shí)，我們可以用它們來拓展邊疆，也就是智能和成本都沒問題的時(shí)候，所以選A。5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A.aftertheinstallationofagreatnumberofcellsandconnections,robotswillbecapableofself-reproductionB.withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnology,peoplehavecometorealizethepossibilityofmakingamachinewithhuman-likeabilityC.oncewemakeamachineascomplexasthehumanbrain,itwillpossessintelligenceD.robotswillhavecontrolofthevast,man-madeworldinspace答案：B