高考英語閱讀理解(社會(huì)文化)解題技巧和訓(xùn)練方法及練習(xí)題(含答案)一、高中英語閱讀理解社會(huì)文化類1．閱讀理解

LEGObeganasoneman'ssmallbusiness.Buttoday,itisthesecondlargesttoycompanyintheworld.TheLEGOcompanysellssmall,brightlycoloredplasticbricks(積木).PeoplecanbuyLEGObricksinover90countries.

OleKirkKristiansenfromDenmarkbeganhisownbusinessin1932.Hemadeproducts(產(chǎn)品)fromwoodincludingcolorfulwoodentoys.Kristiansen'syoungson,Godtfred,workedwithhim.Theirbusinesshelpedthemmakealotofmoney.

By1934,theKristiansensnamedtheircompanyLEGO,whichcamefromtwoDanishwords,"leg"and"godt",meaning"playwell".TheLEGOcompanygrewslowly.Butitcontinuedtocreateexcellentwoodentoys.

By1947,theLEGOcompanybeganusinganewmaterial(材料)tomaketheirtoys—plastic.OneofthetoystheysoldwascalledtheAutomaticBindingBrick.Apersoncouldputthebrickstogethertobuildsomething.Butthebricksdidnotholdtogethereasily.Still,theywereapopulartoy.

Afewyearslater,in1954,GodtfredKirkKristiansenhadabigidea.HewantedalloftheLEGObrickstofittogether.Finally,fouryearslater,in1958,theLEGOcompanyfoundtheiranswer.TheyinventedthefirstmodernstyleLEGObrick,whichwassimilartotheAutomaticBindingBrickbuteachpiecewouldfitwithanyotherpiece.

Sincethattime,anytoythattheLEGOcompanycreatedwouldfitwithanyothertoytheycreated.Today,LEGOisnotonlythesecondlargesttoymakerintheworld,butalsomakingitsproductsagreatwayforchildrentolearncreativebuildingskills.（1）WhentheLEGOcompanywassetup,it________.A.hadarapidgrowthB.failedtoattractchildrenC.invitedchildrentoworkwithitD.wassmallbutsuccessful（2）WhatdoweknowabouttheAutomaticBindingBrick?A.Itwaslikedbyfewpeople.B.Itwasthebestofitskind.C.Itwasabuildingtoy.D.Itwasmadeofwood.（3）ThefirstmodernstyleLEGObrick________.A.fittogetherperfectlyB.wascreatedbyGodtfredandhisfatherC.wasinventedintheearly1950sD.differedgreatlyfromtheAutomaticBindingBrick（4）What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A.LEGO:EducationalToysB.LEGO:PlayWellC.ToyCompanies:FromSmalltoBigD.ToyCompanies:NeverTooLatetoCreate【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了丹麥知名玩具品牌樂高的發(fā)展歷程。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“LEGObeganasoneman'ssmallbusiness”；以及第二段中的“Theirbusinesshelpedthemmakealotofmoney,可知，高公司在創(chuàng)立初期雖然規(guī)模不大但盈利很多。因此可知公司規(guī)模雖小但很成功，故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Apersoncouldputthebrickstogethertobuildsomething.”可知，AutomaticBindingBrick是一種拼裝積木，可以使用積木組裝玩具，故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"thefirstmodernstyleLEGObrick...eachpiecewouldfitwithanyotherpiece”可知，現(xiàn)代的樂高積木可以彼此完全貼合，從而組裝成一個(gè)整體。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第三段“By1934,theKristiansensnamedtheircompanyLEGO,whichcamefromtwoDanishwords,‘leg’and‘godt’，meaning‘playwell’.TheLEGOcompanygrewslowly.Butitcontinuedtocreateexcellentwoodentoys.”可知，文章介紹了知名積木玩具樂高的發(fā)展情況，LEGO在丹麥語中意為"玩得好”，這是公司制作玩具的宗旨所在，因此B項(xiàng)作標(biāo)題概括了文章主旨也表達(dá)了樂高的宗旨，故選B。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

"Ouraimistotakeourarttotheworldandmakepeopleunderstandwhatitistomove,"saidDavidBelle,thefounderofparkour.

Doyouloverunning?Itisagoodexercise,yetmanypeoplefinditboring.Butwhatifmakingyourmorningjogacreativeone?Likejumpingfromwallsandovergaps,andgroundrolls?JustlikeJamesBondinthemovieCasinoRoyale?Bondjumpsdownfromarooftoawindowsillandthenrunsseveralblocksoverobstaclesontheway.ItisjustbecauseofBond'swonderfulperformancesthatthesporthasbecomepopularworldwide.

Yes,that'sparkour,anextremestreetsportaimedatmovingfromonepointtoanotherasquicklyaspossible,gettingoverallthebarriersinthepathusingonlytheabilitiesofthehumanbody.Parkourisconsideredanextremesport.Asitsparticipantsdasharoundacity,theymayjumpoverfences,runupwallsandevenmovefromrooftoptorooftop.

Parkourcanbejustasexcitingandcharmingasitsounds,butitsparticipantsseeparkourmuchmorethanthat.

Overcomingalltheobstaclesonthecourseandinlifeispartofthephilosophybehindparkour.Thisisthesameaslife.Youmustdetermineyourdestination,gostraight,jumpoverallthebarriersasifinparkourandneverfallbackinyourlife,toreachthedestinationsuccessfully.Aparkourloversaid,"Iloveparkourbecauseitsphilosophyhasbecomemylife,mywaytodoeverything."

Anotherphilosophywe'velearntfromparkourisfreedom.Itcanbedonebyanyone,atanytime,anywhereintheworld.Itisakindofexpressionoftrustinyourself.（1）Parkourhasbecomepopularthroughouttheworldbecauseof

.A.itsfounder,DavidBelleB.thevarietiesofparticipantsC.itsrisksandtricksD.thefilm,CasinoRoyale（2）Theunderlinedword"obstacles"inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto"

".A.streetsB.objectsC.roofsD.barriers（3）Whichofthefollowingisthephilosophyofparkour?A.Sportsandextremes.B.Determinationandfreedom.C.Dreamsandsuccess.D.Excitementandpopularity.（4）Whichofthefollowingistrueofparkour?A.Itisateamsport.B.Itisagoodbutboringsport.C.Itneedsspecialtraining.D.Itchallengeshumanabilities.【答案】（1）D（2）D（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了跑酷運(yùn)動(dòng)的起源、特點(diǎn)和此運(yùn)動(dòng)蘊(yùn)含的哲理。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的‘’JustlikeJamesBondinthemovieCasinoRoyale?Bondjumpsdownfromarooftoawindowsillandthenrunsseveralblocksoverobstaclesontheway.ItisjustbecauseofBond'swonderfulperformancesthatthesporthasbecomepopularworldwide.”可知因?yàn)镴amesBond在電影CasinoRoyale中的精彩跑酷表演使得這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)在全世界流行，故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第三段中的“that'sparkour,anextremestreetsportaimedatmovingfromonepointtoanotherasquicklyaspossible,gettingoverallthebarriersinthepathusingonlytheabilitiesofthehumanbody.”可知跑酷的目的是盡可能快地從一個(gè)地方移動(dòng)到另一個(gè)地方，利用人體的能力越過道路上的所有障礙。畫線部分overobstaclesontheway.與gettingoverallthebarriersinthepath意思一致，指跨越路上的障礙。obstacles與barriers同義，故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“Overcomingalltheobstaclesonthecourseandinlifeispartofthephilosophybehindparkour.Thisisthesameaslife.Youmustdetermineyourdestination,gostraight,jumpoverallthebarriers”可知跑酷蘊(yùn)含的哲理是決心；第六段中的“Anotherphilosophywe'velearntfromparkourisfreedom.”可知蘊(yùn)含的另一個(gè)哲理是自由。故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Parkourisconsideredanextremesport.”；第四段中的“Parkourcanbejustasexcitingandcharmingasitsounds.”可知跑酷是極限運(yùn)動(dòng)，像聽起來那樣刺激和迷人。因此它挑戰(zhàn)人類的能力。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

InourannualReaders'ChoiceAwardssurvey,weaskedourreaderstoratetheirfavoritecitiesintheworldforartsandculture.Thesecitiesarecentersofmusicanddance,museums,andtheaters.Herearefourofthemwhereyoucanfindinspirationinthearts,startingwiththetopspot.

Rome,Italy

Atitspeak,theRomanEmpireextendedovernearlytwomillionsquaremilesoflandacrossEurope,AsiaMinorandNorthAfrica.Today,thathistoryisondisplayeverywhere.Thecity'smainattractionsarefamousnotbecauseoftouristadvertisements,butbecausetheyarereallysoimpressive.Nowonderit'sknownastheEternalCity:Youcouldspendforeverhereandfindnewartisticandculturaltreasureseveryday.

Paris,France

HemingwayfamouslycalledParis"amoveablefeast",butwhereveryougowhileinthecity,thereisalwayssomethingtosee,hear,tasteorfeel.Withsome150museums,Parisdoublesasanarthistoryclass,offeringtheverybestofthedisciplineacrosscenturiesandstyles.

London,UnitedKingdom

LondonisinspirationandsettingfortheriseofShakespeare,Dickens,OrwellandEliotandthebreedinggroundforallthoseiconic(標(biāo)志性的)bands:TheKinks,TheClashandTheStones.LondonisalsoBanksy'sfavoritecanvas,hometomorethan1,000galleries,andthekindofplacewhereyoucanspendawholedayinasinglemuseumandstillbereadyformorewhenitopensthenextmorning.

Vienna,Austria

Asweallknow,WesternmusicwouldbeunrecognizablewithoutAustria'scapital,whichnurturedmanyfamousmusicians.It'salsothesiteoftheViennaSecession,arevolutionaryartmovementfoundedin1897byGustavKlimt.Visitorstodaycanseethefruitsofallthatcreativityinthecity's100–oddmuseums.（1）WhyisRomeregardedastheEternalCity?A.Ithadanimportantroleinhistory.B.Itshistorycanbeseeneverywhere.C.Peoplecaneasilyfindnewartandculture.D.Peoplecanspendmoneywellthere.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"nurtured"inthelastparagraphmean?A.Produced.B.Affected.C.Attracted.D.Changed.（3）Whichcolumncanweprobablyfindthetext?A.History.B.Art.C.Education.D.Life.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了四個(gè)世界上最受喜愛的藝術(shù)和文化城市。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)

Rome,Italy部分中的“Nowonderit'sknownastheEternalCity:Youcouldspendforeverhereandfindnewartisticandculturaltreasureseveryday.”可知難怪它被稱為永恒之城：你可以永遠(yuǎn)在這里度過，每天都能發(fā)現(xiàn)新的藝術(shù)和文化寶藏。由此可知羅馬被視為永恒之城是因?yàn)槿藗兛梢院苋菀椎卣业叫碌乃囆g(shù)和文化。故選C。（2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)Vienna,Austria部分中的“Asweallknow,WesternmusicwouldbeunrecognizablewithoutAustria'scapital”可知，如果沒有奧地利的首都，西方的音樂將是不可識(shí)別的，因此推斷畫線句句意：奧地利誕生了許多著名的音樂家。由此可知?jiǎng)澗€單詞意思為“產(chǎn)生，誕生”，故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“InourannualReaders'ChoiceAwardssurvey,weaskedourreaderstoratetheirfavoritecitiesintheworldforartsandculture.”可知在一年一度的讀者選擇獎(jiǎng)?wù){(diào)查中，我們要求讀者對(duì)世界上最喜愛的藝術(shù)和文化城市進(jìn)行排名。以及文章內(nèi)容主要介紹了四個(gè)藝術(shù)和文化城市，由此可推知文章能夠在“藝術(shù)”一欄找到。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Childrenhavetheirownrulesinplayinggames.Theyseldomneedareferee(裁判)andrarelytroubletokeepscores.Theydon'tcaremuchaboutwhowinsorloses,anditdoesn'tseemtoworrythemifthegameisnotfinished.Yet,theylikegamesthatdependalotonluck,sothattheirpersonalabilitiescannotbedirectlycompared.Theyalsoenjoyedgamesthatmoveinstages,inwhicheachstage,thechoosingofleaders,thepicking-upofsides,orthedeterminingofwhichsideshallstart,isalmostagameinitself.

Grown-upscanhardlyfindchildren'sgameexciting,andtheyoftenfeelpuzzledatwhytheirkidsplaysuchsimplegameagainandagain.However,itisfoundthatachildplaysgamesforveryimportantreasons.Hecanbeagoodplayerwithouthavingtothinkwhetherheisapopularperson,andhecanfindhimselfbeingausefulpartnertosomeoneofwhomheisordinaryafraid.Hebecomesaleaderwhenitcomestohisturn.Hecanbeconfident,too,inparticulargames,thatitishisplacetogiveorders,topretendtobedead,tothrowaballactuallyatsomeone,ortokisssomeonehehascaught.

Itappearstousthatwhenchildrenplayagametheyimagineasituationundertheircontrol.Everyoneknowstherules,andmoreimportantly,everyoneplaysaccordingtotherules.Thoserulesmaybechildish,buttheymakesurethateverychildhasachancetowin.（1）Whatistrueaboutchildrenwhentheyplaygames?A.

Theycanstopplayinganytimetheylike.

B.

Theycantesttheirpersonalabilities.C.

Theywanttopickabetterteam.

D.

Theydon'tneedrules.（2）Tobecomealeaderinagamethechildhasto_________.A.

beausefulpartner

B.

waitforhisturnC.

beconfidentinhimself

D.

bepopularamonghisplaymates（3）Whydoesachildlikeplayinggames?A.

Becausehecanbesomeoneotherthanhimself.B.

Becausehecanbecomepopularamongfriends.C.

Becausehefindsheisalwaysluckyingames.D.

Becausehelikestheplacewhereheplaysagame.（4）Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.

RulesinChildren'sGames

B.

AdvantagesofPlayingGamesforChildrenC.

ReasonsforChildren'sGames

D.

HowtoBeaPopularGamePlayer【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了孩子們?cè)谕嬗螒驎r(shí)有自己的游戲規(guī)則，他們很少需要裁判，很少去記分．他們喜歡玩取決于運(yùn)氣的游戲，這樣他們的個(gè)人能力就不能直接進(jìn)行比較了．但是，成年人很難發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子們的游戲令人興奮，他們常常對(duì)孩子們反復(fù)玩這么簡單的游戲感到困惑。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Childrenhavetheirownrulesinplayinggames．Theyseldomneedareferee（裁判）andrarelytroubletokeepscores．”可知，介紹了孩子們玩游戲的一些特點(diǎn)，比如孩子的游戲有自己的規(guī)則，也不需要裁判，而且可以隨時(shí)結(jié)束，故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Hebecomesaleaderwhenitcomestohisturn”可知，當(dāng)輪到他時(shí)，他就成了領(lǐng)袖．所以要成為一個(gè)游戲的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，孩子必須等待輪到他才行，故選B。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Hecanbeagoodplayerwithouthavingtothinkwhetherheisapopularperson，andhecanfindhimselfbeingausefulpartnertosomeoneofwhomheisordinarilyafraid．”可知孩子們喜歡玩游戲的重要原因之一是他們可以在游戲中假裝成別人，選A。（4）考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，游戲在孩子們的生活中是必不可少的．他們無需裁判，也很少計(jì)分，他們甚至不在乎輸贏．盡管在成年人眼里這些游戲非常簡單，枯燥．但是孩子們對(duì)此卻是樂此不疲．作者認(rèn)為通過游戲，孩子們學(xué)會(huì)了遵守規(guī)則，可知選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Goingbacktoschoolcanbeananxioustimeformanystudents.ButoneinstitutioninTexasisdoingitsparttomakesuremiddleschoolersarereturningrefreshedandinspiredtolearn.

Throughaprocesscalledthe"bathroominspirationproject,"teachersandadministratorsatWarrenMiddleSchool,spenttheirsummerbeautifyingtheschool'srestroomsbypaintingmotivationalmurals(壁畫)oneachofthestalls(小隔間).Formingmessageslike"Yourmistakesdon'tdefineyou"and"Scatter(撒播)kindness,"thebrightlycoloredwordsareexactlywhatayoungstudentneedstoseewhenhavingaroughday-oranyschooldayforthatmatter.Andnowthatclassesareofficiallyinsession,peoplearealreadynoticingapositiveimpact.

SincepostingphotosofupgradestotheschoolinJuly,PrincipalJoshuaGarciasaysthatthealterationshavearousedagreatresponse.

"Studentshavebeentalkingaboutthemuralsfromthemomentthepictureshadbeenposted.Someeventookthetimetofindareasontocomeuptothecampustoseethemurals,"hesays."Ithinkwhatmakesthissmalllittleactionsovaluableisthatithassetthetoneforourcampus."

Andnotonlyisthatimportanttostudents,parents,andfellowstaff,butitisalsovitalfortheschool'snewprincipal,whoistryingtogainthetrustofthecommunityduringatimeinwhichtrustissonecessaryforschools.

"Beingnewtothecampus,IthinktheparentswereabletoseehowmuchIvaluetheirchildrenandhavetheirbestinterestatheart,"Garciacontinues."Ihavehadmanyparentstellmehowtheycanjustfeeladifferenceinthecampusclimateandhowmuchtheyareenjoyingseeingtheirchildrenwantingtocomehere.Thesemuralshaveputtrustbackinthecampusanditsteachers,andbydoingsoweareabletobuildacultureinwhichourstudentswanttobehereandlearn."（1）WhathashappenedatWarrenMiddleSchool?A.Paintinghasbecomepopularamongmoststudents.B.Somestudentshavesufferedgreatanxietyatschool.C.Itstoiletshavebeenbeautifiedwithinspiringwords.D.Motivationalmuralshavebeenmadeineachclassroom.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"alterations"inParagraph3probablymean?A.RulesB.ArgumentsC.ChangesD.Opportunities（3）What'sstudentsandparents'attitudetowardthosemurals?A.NegativeB.AmbiguousC.UninterestedD.Supportive（4）WhatdoesGarciaintendtodoaccordingtothetext?A.Reduceincreasinganxiety.B.Buildanartisticatmosphere.C.Createatrustingenvironment.D.Introduceanewculturetosociety.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，德克薩斯州的一所中學(xué)繪制衛(wèi)生間文化墻，用正能量的語言激勵(lì)學(xué)生，從而獲得學(xué)生和家長的一致好評(píng)。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Throughaprocesscalledthe‘bathroominspirationproject,’teachersandadministratorsatWarrenMiddleSchool,spenttheirsummerbeautifyingtheschool'srestroomsbypaintingmotivationalmuralsoneachofthestalls

Formingmessageslike‘Yourmistakesdon'tdefineyou’and‘Scatterkindness,’"可知，該中學(xué)用勵(lì)志語言美化了衛(wèi)生間的每一個(gè)小隔間。故選C。（2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第一段中的“doingitsparttomakesuremiddleschoolersarereturningrefreshedandinspiredtolearn,”以及本段劃線單詞前面的Sincepostingphotosofupgradestotheschool和后面的havearousedagreatresponse可推知，該校別具一格的特色改變引起了大家的關(guān)注。故alterations在此意為“改變”。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Studentshavebeentalkingaboutthemuralsfromthemomentthepictureshadbeenposted.Someeventookthetimetofindareasontocomeuptothecampustoseethemurals”以及最后一段中的“Ihavehadmanyparentstellmehowtheycanjustfeeladifferenceinthecampusclimateandhowmuchtheyareenjoyingseeingtheirchildrenwantingtocomehere”可推知，學(xué)生和家長對(duì)學(xué)校的這一舉措持支持態(tài)度。故選D。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“itisalsovitalfortheschool'snewprincipal,whoistryingtogainthetrustofthecommunityduringatimeinwhichtrustissonecessaryorschools”以及最后一段中Garcia所說的“Thesemuralshaveputtrustbackinthecampus”可推知，校長Garcia希望創(chuàng)建一個(gè)家長對(duì)學(xué)校充滿信任的大環(huán)境。故選C。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

OnthebanksofTanzania'sLakeEyasilivestheworld'slasthunter-gatherertribe(部落)—theHadza.Theydon'tgrowfood,raiseanimalsorbuildhouses.Insteadtheylivealifeunchangedformorethantenthousandyears.

Theirworldisoneofcompletefreedom—somethingmodernsocietycanbarelyimagineandisunlikelytoeverexperience,letalonehavetheskillstostayalive.Textmessagesandphonecallsdon'texist.Nordocarsandelectricity.Nojobs,timetables,andsocialstructures.Nolaws,taxesandunbelievably,nomoney—theclosestthingtocurrency(交易)isthetradeforapairofshortswithaneighboringtribe.

WespentourtimewiththeHadzahuntingbaboons(狒狒),adailyactivityforthemen.Theirlandispackedwithsharpbushes,poisonoussnakesandman-eatinglions.Butasuccessfulhuntingtripisthedifferencebetweeneatingorgoinghungry.

TheHadzadietconsistsmainlyofhoney,fruitandmeat.Menoftenhuntinpairstoshootanimalswithbowsandarrows.TheHadzashowushowtotrackanimals,frombaboonstosnakestolions.Theyarehugelyskilledwiththeirhandmadebowsandarrows—wehaveagoandbarelygetthearrowtogothreefeetinfrontofus.

ThelanguageoftheHadzaisbelievedtobetheoldeststill-spokenlanguageknowntoman.TheHadzadon'thaveconflict,andhavenomemoryofstarvation.Theirpopulationneverreachesnumbersthatcannotbesupportedthroughhuntingorgathering.Theynevergetfromtheirlandmorethantheyneed.

Unlikemodern-dayofficeworkers,theHadzaenjoyanextraordinaryamountoffreetime.Their“work”—huntingforfood—takesuparoundfivehoursoftheirday.They'vebeeninsuchastateofpeacefulexistenceforthousandsofyears.（1）WecanlearnfromthetextthattheHadza_______.A.

leadaverysimplelife

B.

liveontraditionalagricultureC.

havetheirownsystemofcurrency

D.

showalotofinterestinnewtechnology（2）WhichofthefollowingcandescribetheHadza'senvironment?A.

Stressful.

B.

Comfortable.

C.

Exciting.

D.

Dangerous.（3）TherelationshipbetweentheHadzaandnature_______.A.

isgoingwrong

B.

isfullofconflictC.

isinperfectharmony

D.

ischangingallthetime（4）WhydoestheauthorcometovisittheHadza?A.

Tostudytheirnativelanguage.

B.

Togettoknowtheirwayoflife.C.

Tolearnsurvivalskillsfromthem.

D.

Topersuadethemtoprotectanimals.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了哈扎人的生活方式：他們生活簡單，主要以狩獵為生。他們和大自然和諧相處，長期以來過著平和的生活。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段和第二段中的“Insteadtheylivealifeunchangedformorethantenthousandyears.Textmessagesandphonecallsdon'texist.Nordocarsandelectricity.Nojobs,timetables,andsocialstructures.Nolaws,taxesandunbelievably,nomoney—theclosestthingtocurrency(交易)isthetradeforapairofshortswithaneighboringtribe.”可知，他們過著一萬年不變的生活……短信和電話根本不存在。汽車和電力也沒有。沒有工作、時(shí)間表和社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)。沒有法律、稅收。難以置信的是，沒有錢。由此可以推知，theHadza過著非常簡單的生活。故選A。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theirlandispackedwithsharpbushes,poisonoussnakesandman-eatinglions”可知，他們的土地上滿是鋒利的灌木叢，毒蛇和食人獅。由此可知，他們的環(huán)境非常危險(xiǎn)。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“TheHadzadon'thaveconflict,andhavenomemoryofstarvation.Theirpopulationneverreachesnumbersthatcannotbesupportedthroughhuntingorgathering.Theynevergetfromtheirlandmorethantheyneed.”可知，哈扎人沒有沖突，也沒有饑餓的記憶。它的人口從未達(dá)到通過狩獵或采集無法維持的數(shù)量。他們從自己的土地上得到的東西從來不超過他們所需要的。由此可知，他們和自然和諧相處。故選C。（4）考查推理判斷?？v觀全文可知，本文介紹了哈扎人的生活方式：他們生活簡單，主要以狩獵為生。他們和大自然和諧相處，長期以來過著平和的生活。由文章的主要內(nèi)容可以推知，作者來參觀theHadza就是為了了解他們的生活方式。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

BeneaththewaterintheChina'sQiandaoLakeliesahiddentreasure.TheancientcityofShiCheng(alsoknownasLionCity),locatedintheprovinceofZhejiang,hasbeensubmergedunderwaterfor53years.ShiChengwasfoundedabout1,300yearsagoinavalleysurroundedbytheFiveLionMountains.WhentheChinesegovernmentdecidedtheyneededanewhydroelectricpowerstation(水力發(fā)電站)，adamandman-madelakewereconstructedandthecitywasleftatthebottomofthisnewbodyofwater.Now,itsitsatdepthsrangingfrom85feettoabout103feet.

MuchliketheMachuPicchuruinsinPeru,thisunderwatercityremainedforgottenuntilsomerenewedinterestsleadtoitsrediscovery.QiuFeng,alocalofficialinchargeoftourismthoughtaboututilizingShiChengforentertainmentonthelakeandasadestinationfordivingclubs.OnSeptember18,2001,scubadiversmadetheirfirstattemptunderwater."Wewerelucky.Assoonaswedivedintothelake,wefoundtheoutsidewallofthetownandevenpickedupabrick,"QiutoldGuangzhouDailyinaninterview.Moreresearchwasconducted,anditwasdiscoveredthattheentiretownwasintact(1881),includingwoodenbeamsandstairs.Aftertheinitialfindings,internationalarchaeologistsandafilmcrewthenrecordedthepreservationofthelostruins.

Lookingatsurfaceofthelake,dottedwithover1,000islands,you'dneverknowthatanentirecitywasbelow.

It'sincredibletothinkthatafterallthistime,thestructurestillremainsintactandwecouldonedayvisitit.Untilthen,ShiChengwillcontinuetoremaininconspicuouslysubmerged.（1）WhywasShiChengcoveredbywateraccordingtothepassage?A.

Becausethecityhasalonghistory.B.

Becausethegovernmentcouldattractmoretouristsbydoingso.C.

Becausethegovernmentneededtobuildapowerstationwhereitwas.D.

Themountainssurroundingthecityledtotheconsequence.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"initial"meaninparagraph2?A.

Original

B.

Great

C.

Wonderful

D.

Amazing（3）WhatisthemostunbelievablepartofShiChengaccordingtothepassage?A.

IthassomethingtodowithMachuPicchuruinsinPeru.B.

Noonewasinterestedinthelostcityforalongtime.C.

Itsstructurekeepsperfectinthewaterforalongtime.D.

Thereareover1,000islandsprotectingthelostcity.（4）Whowillmostprobablycometovisitthelostcity?A.

Someonewholikesswimming.

B.

Someonewholikesdiving.C.

Someonewholikesclimbingmountains.

D.

Someonewholikestakingpictures.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，浙江古城--石城在多年前被埋在水下，后被人們發(fā)現(xiàn)。最令人驚嘆的是整座城市保存得很完整。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“WhentheChinesegovernmentdecidedtheyneededanewhydroelectricpowerstation(水力發(fā)電站),adamandman-madelakewereconstructedandthecitywasleftatthebottomofthisnewbodyofwater.”可知當(dāng)時(shí)中國政府決定他們需要一個(gè)新的水電站，就建立了一個(gè)大壩和人工湖,然后這座城市就被留在了水底。故選C。（2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段中的“Aftertheinitialfindings,internationalarchaeologistsandafilmcrewthenrecordedthepreservationofthelostruins.”可知在的發(fā)現(xiàn)之后，國際考古學(xué)家和一個(gè)攝制組記錄下了失落的遺址的保存（情況）。由此推斷前面那些發(fā)現(xiàn)是"最初的"，故選A。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“It'sincredibletothinkthatafterallthistime,thestructurestillremainsintactandwecouldonedayvisitit.”可知令人難以置信的是，經(jīng)過這么長時(shí)間，這座建筑仍然完好無損并且我們有一天可以參觀它。也就是說石城最難以置信的部分就是它在水下這么長時(shí)間還保持完好，故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Now,itsitsatdepthsrangingfrom85feettoabout103feet”可知石城現(xiàn)在在水下85英尺到103英尺。石城在水下很深的地方，所以參觀石城需要潛水，所以最有可能去游玩的是那些喜歡潛水的人，故選B。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。

8．閱讀理解

Lookingtohavearestaftertheworkingdays？Checkouttoseeifthefollowingeventsareinyourarea！NorthsideFestivalDescription:Themusicfestivalconsistsofartists,suchasSidneyGishandOrionSun,freecakeforeveryone!Ifyou'relookingforafreshfestivalwithuniqueartists,looknofurther!Time:Saturday,June9～10,from12pmto6pmLocation:Baby'sAllRight,BrooklynTickets:$50perpersonwithnodiscountSolelyWomenDescription:TheWilliamRisGalleryisshowinganexhibitallaboutwhatfemalesmeetinfrontoflife!Checkouttheexhibitbeforeit'sclosedafterthisweekend!Time:June8~10,from12pmto5pmLocation:WilliamRisGalleryatJamesportTickets:FreeBroadwayCommonsCarnivalDescription:It'stheseasonofcarnivalridesandfoodonastick-yes,thecarnivalisstillintown.Withfreeadmissionsandlightstolightupthesky,whowouldn'twanttosendtheirdayoffatDreamland?Time:May31～June17,from5pmto11pmLocation:BroadwayMallTickets:Freecarnivalparking,admissionandVictoriaCircusshowsLongIsland'sFestivalDescription:Withexcitingeventsrangingfrombeachconcertstoparades,it'salargeandimpressiveentertainmentwecan'twaitfor!YoucanalsostartyourdaywithyourfamilytohavefunontheLongBeachboardwalk.Time:June8～10,from10amto11pmLocation:LongBeachTickets:$80peradultfortheconcert,a20%discountforchildrenunder18（1）Whatcanwomenchoosetodoiftheywanttoknowsomethingtofaceinlife?A.

JointhecarnivalatDreamland.

B.

EnjoytheconcertsontheLongBeach.C.

VisitanexhibitattheWilliamRisGallery.

D.

ExperiencethemusicfestivalatBrooklyn.（2）Howmuchshouldamotherwithher10-year-oldchildpayforconcertsontheLongBeach?A.

$80.

B.

$100.

C.

$140.

D.

$144.（3）Whichofthefollowingeventslaststheshortesttime?A.

NorthsideFestival.

B.

SolelyWomen.C.

BroadwayCommonsCarnival.

D.

LongIsland'sFesti