高三英語本試卷共8頁。滿分120分?？荚囉脮r100分鐘?？荚嚱Y束后，將答題卡交回。注意事項：1.答卷前，務必用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆將自己的姓名、座號、考試號填寫在答題卡上。2.選擇題，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑；如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號。筆答題，用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆將答案寫在答題卡上。不能答在本試卷上，否則無效。第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AAirportreadingneedstobefast-pacedenoughtomakeyourwaitflybyandengagingenoughtokeepyourattentionfrompeoplestaringatwhateverisplayingontheairportnewschannel.Airportreadingshouldn’tbetooemotionallyengaging,though(noonewantstobreakdownintearsinacrowdedterminal).Ifyouarelookingforentertaining,intelligentreadstotakewithyouonyournexttrip,looknofurther.●CocktailHourUndertheTreeofForgetfulnessbyAlexandraFullerCocktailHourUndertheTreeofForgetfulnessbyAlexandraFullerisamemoirthatisnotgoingtoweighyoudown.Fuller’swritingaboutherchildhoodinAfricaisadelighttoread.●TheLitigatorsbyJohnGrishamGrishamservesupthekindofnovelhedoesbestinTheLitigators,afast-pacedlegalthriller.WhileTheLitigatorsdoesn’tbreaknewground,itisasolidstorythatwillkeepyourinterestandmakeyourtraveltimemoreenjoyable.●TheMillRiverReclusebyDarcieChanTheMillRiverReclusebyDarcieChanwasoneofthesurprisebestsellersof2011.Chancouldnotfindapublisher,sosheself-publishedhernovelasane-bookandsoldinfor$0.99.Readerslovedthebookanditbecameverypopular.Thestoryis,infact,aquickandenjoyablereadthatcontainssomesuspense(懸念)andromance.Itisnotdeeporliterarybutisperfectairportreadingattherightpriceforthosewithe-readers.●MajorPettigrew’sLastStandbyHelenSimonsonSweet,romanticandfun,MajorPettigrew’sLastStandbyHelenSimonsontacklesfamilyrelationshipsandgenerationalchangesinadelightfullyBritishsetting.Thisisabookthatisinterestingenoughforabookclub,butlightenoughfortheairport.1.Whatkindofbooksareappropriateforairportreads?A.Quickandappealing. B.Literaryandwell-constructed.C.Enjoyableandcreative. D.Lightandemotionallyinvolved.2.Whoisgoodatthrillers?A.AlexandraFuller. B.JohnGrisham.C.DarcieChan. D.HelenSimonson.3.WhatdoTheMillRiverRecluseandMajorPettigrew’sLastStandhaveincommon?A.Thereismuchfoodforthought. B.TheyaresetinBritain.C.Thereissomeromanceinthem. D.Theyareself-published.【答案】1.A2.B3.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了基本適合在機場閱讀的書籍?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Airportreadingneedstobefast-pacedenoughtomakeyourwaitflybyandengagingenoughtokeepyourattentionfrompeoplestaringatwhateverisplayingontheairportnewschannel.(機場閱讀需要足夠快的節(jié)奏，讓你的等待時間飛逝，并足夠吸引人，讓你的注意力遠離人們盯著機場新聞頻道播放的任何節(jié)目。)”可知，快速和吸引人的書適合在機場閱讀。故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheLitigatorsbyJohnGrisham部分的“GrishamservesupthekindofnovelhedoesbestinTheLitigators,afast-pacedlegalthriller.(格里沙姆提供了他在《訴訟律師》中最擅長的那種小說，這是一部快節(jié)奏的法律驚悚小說。)”可知，JohnGrisham擅長寫驚悚小說。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheMillRiverReclusebyDarcieChan部分的“Thestoryis,infact,aquickandenjoyablereadthatcontainssomesuspense(懸念)andromance(事實上，這個故事是一個快速而有趣的閱讀，包含了一些懸念和浪漫)”和MajorPettigrew’sLastStandbyHelenSimonson部分的“Sweet,romanticandfun,MajorPettigrew’sLastStandbyHelenSimonsontacklesfamilyrelationshipsandgenerationalchangesinadelightfullyBritishsetting.(海倫·西蒙森(HelenSimonson)的《小矮星彼得的最后一戰(zhàn)》(MajorPettigrew’sLastStand)甜蜜、浪漫、有趣，在一個令人愉快的英國背景下處理了家庭關系和代際變化。)”可知，這兩本書的共同點是書里面有一些浪漫元素。故選C。BFewofnature’sanimalsareasmisunderstoodasbats.WeattheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicewanttosettherecordstraightandhelpothersunderstandtheimportanceofbats.Thoughoftenfearedanddislikedasbadcreaturesofthenight,batsarevitaltothehealthofourenvironmentandoureconomy.Batsplayanessentialroleinpestcontrol,pollinatingplantsandspreadingseeds.Recentstudiesestimatethatbatseatenoughpeststosavemorethan$1billionperyearincropdamageandpesticidecostsintheUnitedStatescornindustryalone.Whilemanybatseatinsects,othersfeedonnectarandprovidepollinationforplantslikepeachesandbananas.Athirdbatfoodsourceisfruit,leadingtoanotherimportantrole—seeddispersal.Fruit-eatingbatscanaccountforasmuchas95%oftheseeddispersalresponsibleforearlygrowthinrecentlyclearedrainforests.Unfortunately,batsaredecliningacrosstheglobe.Manybatsareneedlesslykilledbecausepeopledonotunderstandtheimportantrolebatsplayinahealthyecosystem.Forbatsthathibernateincaves,humanactivitiesresultinginlossofhabitatandinterruptionsduringhibernationareharmful.Makingmattersworse,afungaldiseasecalledwhite-nosesyndromehasclaimedthelivesofmorethan5millionbatssinceitsdiscoveryin2006.Thefunguscanbetransmittedfrombattobat,cavetobatandevencavetocave.Sincemanybatshibernateinthesamecavesoverthewinter,thefunguscankillanentirebatcolonyonceestablished.Wearenowworkingtoprotectbats,researchtreatmentstostopthespreadofwhite-nosesyndromeandraiseawarenessaboutjusthowincredible,andvulnerable(脆弱的),batsare.Wecompletebatsurveysandusebandsandtransmitterstolearnmoreaboutmovements,habitatsandlifespans.Hopefully,themoreweknowaboutthem,thegreaterthechancetheywillsurvive.4.Whatparticularcontributiondofruit-eatingbatsmaketoahealthyecosystem?A.Spreadingseeds. B.Pollinatingplants.C.Controllingpests. D.Increasingcropyield.5.Whatmayleadtoanentirebatcolonycollapse?A.Crowdedcaves. B.Thelossofhabitat.C.Infectiousdiseases. D.Disturbedhibernation.6.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthelastparagraph?A.Whatwe’redoingtoconservebats. B.Howwecanliveinharmonywithbats.C.Whatshouldbelearnedforbats’survival. D.Howweraiseawarenessofbatprotection.7.What’sthepurposeofthetext?ATolisttherisksbatsarefacedwith. B.Tohelpcreateabat-friendlyenvironment.C.Toclarifythemisunderstandingsaboutbats. D.Tostresstheirreplaceablerolebatsplayinecosystem.【答案】4.A5.C6.A7.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要澄清了人們對蝙蝠的誤解，說明了蝙蝠對于環(huán)境和經濟的重要性?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Athirdbatfoodsourceisfruit,leadingtoanotherimportantrole—seeddispersal.Fruit-eatingbatscanaccountforasmuchas95%oftheseeddispersalresponsibleforearlygrowthinrecentlyclearedrainforests.(蝙蝠的第三個食物來源是水果，這導致了另一個重要的作用——種子傳播。在最近被砍伐的熱帶雨林中，種子的早期生長有95%是由食果蝙蝠傳播的。)”可知，以水果為食的蝙蝠對健康的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)做出的貢獻是傳播種子。故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Makingmattersworse,afungaldiseasecalledwhite-nosesyndromehasclaimedthelivesofmorethan5millionbatssinceitsdiscoveryin2006.Thefunguscanbetransmittedfrombattobat,cavetobatandevencavetocave.Sincemanybatshibernateinthesamecavesoverthewinter,thefunguscankillanentirebatcolonyonceestablished.(更糟糕的是，一種被稱為白鼻綜合癥的真菌疾病自2006年發(fā)現(xiàn)以來，已經奪走了500多萬只蝙蝠的生命。這種真菌可以從蝙蝠傳播到蝙蝠，從一個洞穴傳播到另一個洞穴，甚至從一個洞穴傳播到另一個洞穴。由于許多蝙蝠在冬天都在同一個洞穴里冬眠，這種真菌一旦建立起來，就會殺死整個蝙蝠群落。)”可知，傳染病可能會導致整個蝙蝠群落的崩潰。故選C。【6題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Wearenowworkingtoprotectbats,researchtreatmentstostopthespreadofwhite-nosesyndromeandraiseawarenessaboutjusthowincredible,andvulnerable,batsare.(我們現(xiàn)在正在努力保護蝙蝠，研究阻止白鼻綜合征傳播的治療方法，并提高人們對蝙蝠多么不可思議和脆弱的認識。)”可知，最后一段主要講述了我們?yōu)楸Ｗo蝙蝠所做的一切。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Fewofnature’sanimalsareasmisunderstoodasbats.WeattheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicewanttosettherecordstraightandhelpothersunderstandtheimportanceofbats.Thoughoftenfearedanddislikedasbadcreaturesofthenight,batsarevitaltothehealthofourenvironmentandoureconomy.(很少有自然界的動物像蝙蝠那樣被人誤解。我們美國魚類和野生動物管理局希望澄清事實，并幫助其他人了解蝙蝠的重要性。雖然蝙蝠作為夜間的壞生物經常令人害怕和厭惡，但它對我們的環(huán)境和經濟的健康至關重要。)”可知，文章的主要目的是為了澄清關于蝙蝠的誤解。故選C。CJournalistRebeccaReidcoinedthetermsadfishingin2019,whichmeanssomeonemakesexaggeratedclaimsonlinefortheonlypurposeofgainingattention,likes,followers,orsympathy.Oncethetermbecamewidelyspread,peoplebeganaccusingothersofsadfishingwhentheymadeavulnerablepostthatappearedinauthentic.Infact,somepeople—especiallytweensandteens—arepostingaboutveryrealemotionalissueswithgenuineintentions.However,viewersmaystillaccusethemofsadfishing.Therefore,itreallycountsforparentstoknowhowtodeterminewhentheirkidsaredealingwitharealmentalhealthissueandwhentheyaresimplyengaginginattention-seekingbehavior.Infact,thereisnowaytoknowthatforsurewithouttalkingtothemaboutwhatisgoingon.Sowhenitcomestoyourteen’semotionalsocialmediaposts,it’simportanttotalktoyourkidsaboutwhatthey’rethinkingandfeeling.Askthemhowtheyaredoingandwhytheydecidedtopostonlineabouttheirfeelings,andthentrulylistentotheirresponsewithoutjudgingthemortryingtofixthings.Remindthemtothinkcarefullyaboutwhatinformationtheyputonlinebecausenoteveryonewillrespondinthewaythattheyhadhopedandtheycouldendupfeelingworseafterposting.Oneofthebiggestriskswithbeinglabeledsadfishingistheriskofbeingcyberbullied,especiallywhenyourteen’spostsareauthentic.Forinstance,beingmadefunoforcallednamesforfeelingdepressedoranxiouscancauseanalreadyvulnerabletweenorteentosinkfurtherintodepression,experiencemoreanxiety.Additionally,beingaccusedofsadfishingwhentheyarebeinghonestabouttheirfeelingsalsocancausethemtoassumenoonetakesthemseriouslyandthatnoonecaresaboutwhattheyaregoingthrough.Thesetypesoffeelingscanfeeldisastroustoayoungperson.Thesurveyalsofoundthattweensandteenswhomakeemotionalpostsareatriskofbeingtargetedbyonlinepredators.Theyusetheinformationsharedasawaytomakeaconnectionandbuildtrustandthenlaterlookforwaystoexploitthem.8.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph2mean?A.Sensible. B.Purposeful. C.Pitiful. D.Unreal.9.Whichshallparentsdowhenkidspostemotionalissuesaccordingtothetext?A.Askthemtodeletesuchposts. B.Decidetheirintentions.C.Forbidthemtopostprivateissues. D.Tracktheirpostsonline.10.Whatriskateenmayfaceifhis/herpostsarelabeledsadfishing?A.Beinginalowmood. B.Beingneglectedbyothers.C.Beingabusedbynetizens. D.Beingconnectedwithstrangers.11.Whatmaybetalkedaboutinthefollowingpartofthetext?A.Whatsadfishingis. B.Howtospotsadfishing.C.Whatcausessadfishing. D.Howtopreventsadfishing.【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了發(fā)表情感帖子的青少年有被網絡攻擊者攻擊的風險這一社會現(xiàn)象?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“JournalistRebeccaReidcoinedthetermsadfishingin2019,whichmeanssomeonemakesexaggeratedclaimsonlinefortheonlypurposeofgainingattention,likes,followers,orsympathy.(記者麗貝卡·里德在2019年創(chuàng)造了sadfishing這個詞，指的是一些人為了獲得關注、點贊、關注或同情而在網上夸大自己的言論。)”可知，當這個詞被廣泛傳播后，人們開始指責其他人發(fā)布了一個看起來不真實的脆弱的帖子，這是一種“悲傷釣魚”。Inauthentic意為“不真實的”。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Therefore,itreallycountsforparentstoknowhowtodeterminewhentheirkidsaredealingwitharealmentalhealthissueandwhentheyaresimplyengaginginattention-seekingbehavior.(因此，對于父母來說，知道如何判斷他們的孩子什么時候正面臨真正的心理健康問題，什么時候他們只是在尋求關注是很重要的。)”可知，當孩子根據(jù)文章內容發(fā)表情感問題時，父母應明確孩子們的意圖。故選B?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Oneofthebiggestriskswithbeinglabeledsadfishingistheriskofbeingcyberbullied,especiallywhenyourteen’spostsareauthentic.(被貼上“悲傷釣魚”標簽的最大風險之一是被網絡欺凌的風險，尤其是當你孩子的帖子是真實的。)”可知，如果一個青少年的帖子被貼上“悲傷釣魚”的標簽，他/她可能會面臨網友的虐待。故選C。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Thesurveyalsofoundthattweensandteenswhomakeemotionalpostsareatriskofbeingtargetedbyonlinepredators.Theyusetheinformationsharedasawaytomakeaconnectionandbuildtrustandthenlaterlookforwaystoexploitthem.(調查還發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)表情感帖子的青少年有被網絡攻擊者攻擊的風險。他們將共享的信息作為建立聯(lián)系和建立信任的一種方式，然后尋找利用這些信息的方法。)”可知，文章接下來可能會討論如何防止悲傷釣魚。故選D。DEcholocationhasbeengainingpopularityrecentlyasaskillthatsomeblindpeopleusetopreciselymapthesurroundings.Theycandetecttrees,buildingsordoorwaysbymakingaclickingsoundwiththeirmouthsandlisteningfortheecho.However,researchhasshownthiscanbelearnedbyanyone,blindorsighted.Agrowingbodyofresearchencouragesustoawakesensesthathavebeenneglected.Justbyusingmouthclicks,echoexpertscantellwhetheranobject2mawayisacarortree.Thisdoesnotmeanecholocationprovidespeoplewiththesameaccuracyasvision.Humanecholocatorsstruggletotracktinytargets.Anditonlyworksforthree-dimensionalobjects.However,LoreThaler,oneoftheworld’sleadingexpertsonhumanecholocation,saysitisstillaverypowerfultechnique.Thalerandhercolleaguesarecurrentlystudyingbrainscansofsightedandblindpeoplewhoarelearningtoecholocate.Sofar,resultshaveshownsomethingrathersurprising:Whensightedpeoplelearntonavigatebysound,theyengagethepartoftheirbrainthatusuallydealswithvision.“Weliketothinkofvisionasasensethat’sbyitself,andtherearecertainresourcesdedicatedtoit,suchastheeyesandspecificpartsofthebrain.Butinstead,ourbrainmaybeabletoprocesssensoryinformationsomewhatmoreflexibly—‘seeing’withourears,ifyoulike.It’sjustthatusually,forsightedpeople,thereisnoreasontodoso.”saysThaler.Ineverydaylife,ourrealsensorysuperpowerliesnotinanyindividualskill,butintheircombination.Thisisbecauseeachsenseislimitedonitsown.Ourperipheralvision(外圍視覺)forexample,isratherpoor.Butwecancombineitwithanothersense,likehearing,tomakeoutwheresomethingis,say,anapproachingcar.Thisisknownasthe“bimodalprecisionadvantage(雙峰優(yōu)勢)”.It’sstrangetothinkthatecholocationhasbeeninsideusunusedandunnoticed.Whoknowswhatotherhiddensensesarewaitingtobediscovered?12.Whatdoestheunderlined“this”inParagraph2referto?A.Echolocating. B.Listeningfortheecho.C.Detectingobjects. D.Makingaclickingsound.13.WhichfindingshockedThalerandhercolleagues?A.Earsdohelpourvisionto“see”moreprecisely.B.Theblindarebetterecholocatorsthanthesighted.C.Trackingtinytargetsisstillhardforhumanecholocators.D.Visionisassociatedwithonlyeyesandpartsofthebrain.14.Whichofthefollowingcanhelpusgainsensorysuperpower?A.Theperipheralvision. B.Sensoryinformation.C.Theflexibilityofthebrain. D.Sensorycombination.15.Whatcouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheTruthbehindVision B.ThePowerofHiddenSensesC.ThePopularityofEcholocation D.TheBimodalPrecisionAdvantage【答案】12.A13.A14.D15.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了隱藏感官的力量?！?2題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上文“Echolocationhasbeengainingpopularityrecentlyasaskillthatsomeblindpeopleusetopreciselymapthesurroundings.(回聲定位最近越來越受歡迎，作為一種技能，一些盲人使用它來精確地繪制環(huán)境地圖。)”可知，此處指的是無論是盲人還是視力正常的人都能學會回聲定位。This指代“Echolocating”。故選A。【13題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Weliketothinkofvisionasasensethat’sbyitself,andtherearecertainresourcesdedicatedtoit,suchastheeyesandspecificpartsofthebrain.Butinstead,ourbrainmaybeabletoprocesssensoryinformationsomewhatmoreflexibly—‘seeing’withourears,ifyoulike.(我們喜歡認為視覺是一種獨立的感覺，有特定的資源專門用于視覺，比如眼睛和大腦的特定部分。但相反，我們的大腦處理感官信息的能力可能會更靈活一些——如果你愿意，可以用耳朵來“看”。)”可知，耳朵確實有助于我們的視力“看”得更準確這一發(fā)現(xiàn)震驚了Thaler和她的同事。故選A。【14題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Ineverydaylife,ourrealsensorysuperpowerliesnotinanyindividualskill,butintheircombination.(在日常生活中，我們真正的感官超能力不在于任何個人技能，而在于它們的組合。)”可知，感官組合可以幫助我們獲得感官超能力。故選D?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“It’sstrangetothinkthatecholocationhasbeeninsideus,unusedandunnoticed.Whoknowswhatotherhiddensensesarewaitingtobediscovered?(想到回聲定位一直在我們體內，沒有被使用，也沒有被注意，這很奇怪。誰知道還有什么隱藏的感官等著被發(fā)現(xiàn)呢？)”可知，文章主要講述了隱藏感官的力量。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Howdidmusicbegin?Didourearlyancestorsfirststartbybeatingthingstogethertocreaterhythm?____16____Hasmusicalwaysbeenimportantinhumansociety,andifso,why?ThesearesomequestionsexploredinarecentarticlepublishedinFrontiersinSociology.Theanswersrevealthatthestoryofmusicis,inmanyways,thestoryofhumans.So,whatismusic?Thisisdifficulttoanswer,aseveryonehastheirownidea.“____17____”saysJeremyMontagu,authorofthearticle.Amotherhumming(哼唱)tocalmherbabywouldprobablycountasmusic.Anotherimportantcomponentofmusicisrhythm.Ourearlyancestorsmayhavecreatedrhythmicmusicbyclappingtheirhands.____18____Especiallywhensomebodyrealizedthatsmackingstonesorstickstogetherdoesn’thurtyourhandsasmuch.Manyoftheseinstrumentsarelikelytohavebeenmadefromsoftmaterialslikewood,andsohaven’tsurvived.Whathavesurvivedarebonepipes.So,weknowthatmusicisold,andmayhavebeenwithusfromwhenhumansfirstevolved.____19____Therearemanypossiblefunctionsformusic.Oneisdancing.Itisunknownifthefirstdancerscreatedamusicalaccompaniment,orifmusicledtopeoplemovingrhythmically.Anotherobviousreasonformusicisentertainment,whichcanbepersonalorcommunal.Musiccanalsobeusedforcommunication,oftenoverlargedistances,usinginstrumentssuchasdrumsorhorns.____20____“Musicleadstobonding,suchasbondingbetweenmotherandchildorbondingbetweengroups.”explainsMontagu,“Musickeepsworkershappywhendoingrepetitiveandotherwiseboringwork,andhelpseveryonetomovetogether.”Heconcludes:“Ithasevenbeensuggestedthatmusic,incausingsuchbonding,creatednotonlythefamilybutsocietyitself.”A.(It’s)Soundthatconveysemotion.B.Weretheytheearliestformsofmusic?C.Whattypesofinstrumentsdidtheyuse?D.Butwhydiditariseandwhyhasitpersisted?E.Moreimportantly,musicbringspeopletogether.F.Thismaybelinkedtotheearliestmusicalinstruments.G.Itisastrongregularrepeatedpatternofsoundsandmovements.【答案】16.C17.A18.F19.D20.E【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了音樂的起源、發(fā)展以及音樂的功能?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Howdidmusicbegin?Didourearlyancestorsfirststartbybeatingthingstogethertocreaterhythm?(音樂是如何開始的？我們的祖先最初是通過敲打物體來創(chuàng)造節(jié)奏的嗎？)”可知，空處承接上文，詢問祖先們使用的樂器，C項中的they指代上文中ancestors。C項：Whattypesofinstrumentsdidtheyuse?（他們使用什么類型的樂器？）符合語境。故選C?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“So,whatismusic?Thisisdifficulttoanswer,aseveryonehastheirownidea.(那么，什么是音樂？這個問題很難回答，因為每個人都有自己的想法。)”可知，空處解釋音樂的概念。A項：(It’s)Soundthatconveysemotion.（(它是)傳達情感的聲音。）符合語境。故選A。【18題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Ourearlyancestorsmayhavecreatedrhythmicmusicbyclappingtheirhands.(我們早期的祖先可能是通過拍手創(chuàng)造出有節(jié)奏的音樂的。)”和下文“Especiallywhensomebodyrealizedthatsmackingstonesorstickstogetherdoesn’thurtyourhandsasmuch.(特別是當有人意識到，敲石頭或棍棒并不會那么疼你的手。)”可知，空處解釋早期的祖先創(chuàng)造有節(jié)奏的音樂的原因。F項：Thismaybelinkedtotheearliestmusicalinstruments.（這可能與最早的樂器有關。）符合語境。故選F?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Therearemanypossiblefunctionsformusic.(音樂有很多可能的功能。)”可知，本段主要解釋了音樂會出現(xiàn)并且得以延續(xù)的原因。D項：Butwhydiditariseandwhyhasitpersisted?（但是為什么它會出現(xiàn)，為什么它會持續(xù)？）符合語境。故選D?！?0題詳解】空處為段落主題句。根據(jù)下文““Musicleadstobonding,suchasbondingbetweenmotherandchildorbondingbetweengroups.”explainsMontagu,“Musickeepsworkershappywhendoingrepetitiveandotherwiseboringwork,andhelpseveryonetomovetogether.”Heconcludes:“Ithasevenbeensuggestedthatmusic,incausingsuchbonding,creatednotonlythefamilybutsocietyitself.”(音樂導致聯(lián)系，如母親和孩子之間的聯(lián)系或團體之間的聯(lián)系。蒙塔古解釋說，“音樂能讓員工在做重復性或枯燥的工作時感到快樂，還能讓大家步調一致?！彼偨Y道：“甚至有人認為，音樂不僅創(chuàng)造了家庭，也創(chuàng)造了社會本身?！?”可知，本段主要講述的是音樂把人們聯(lián)系在一起。E項：Moreimportantly,musicbringspeopletogether.（更重要的是，音樂把人們聯(lián)系在一起。）符合語境。故選E。第二部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。WhenIwasachild,IsawtragicscenesoftheEthiopiafamineontelevision.Eversincethen,IknewthatIneededto____21____,togivesomethingofmyself,andtobeacitizenofthe____22____.IrealizedIwantedto____23____MSFwhenIfirstreadabouttheorganizationinabook.Istudied____24____andworkedinclinicalareasbeforefinallyjoiningMSF.Onmyfirst____25____toSomalia,itdidn’ttakemelongtorealizethatthisexperiencewouldbetruly____26____.Itwasawar-worncountrywherepeoplesufferlawlessnessand____27____.Iwasnotusedtobeingaroundcitizenswithguns,toworkinthe____28____ofagovernment,oflaws,orhospitals.Yet,Somaliaisabeautifulcountry:peoplearefascinating,andtheirresilience(韌性)andendurancewereforevera____29____factorformyselfandmyMSFteam.Wepracticed‘bushmedicines’,whichprovidedthebestpossible_____30_____forpatientswiththeleastpossibleresources.Ithinkweperformedmiracles,orcertainly_____31_____afew.Weweredoingsurgeriesinsideatentinthemiddleofnowhere,withoutoxygen,monitorsorhigh-techequipment,andyet,despitethe_____32_____resources,westillmanagedtosavelives.Ifinditveryhardtoseechildrendyingfromtotallypreventablediseasesandpeoplewithoutaccesstocleanwaterorshelter.Ibelievethateveryonehasarightto_____33_____.AndIbelievethataperson’sdignity,ifnothingelse,eveninthefaceofdeath,isvital.That’swhatkeepsme_____34_____:thepeopleMSFhelps,thepeopleweworkwith,andtheworkwedototryto_____35_____thesufferingintheworld.21.A.donate B.assist C.explore D.research22.A.city B.country C.world D.community23.A.workwith B.turnto C.learnfrom D.relyon24.A.nursing B.teaching C.engineering D.painting25.A.trip B.mission C.attempt D.transfer26.A.disappointing B.frightening C.annoying D.challenging27.A.disorder B.inequality C.disability D.poverty28.A.name B.face C.charge D.absence29.A.creative B.motivating C.professional D.possible30.A.drugs B.supplies C.treatment D.equipment31.A.missed B.desired C.awaited D.witnessed32.A.reusable B.accessible C.unique D.limited33.A.healthcare B.education C.vote D.peace34.A.thinking B.studying C.going D.fighting35.A.stand B.relieve C.transform D.resist【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.A25.B26.D27.A28.D29.B30.C31.D32.D33.A34.C35.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者加入無國界組織去索馬里執(zhí)行任務時的經歷和自己的感受?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：從那時起，我就知道我需要幫助別人，付出自己的一些東西，成為世界的一名公民。A.donate捐贈；B.assist幫助；C.explore探索；D.research研究。根據(jù)上文“IsawtragicscenesoftheEthiopiafamineontelevision”和下文“togivesomethingofmyself”可知，此處作者表示需要幫助別人。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.city城市；B.country國家；C.world世界；D.community社區(qū)。根據(jù)“beforefinallyjoiningMSF”可知，加入無國界組織，作者把自己看作世界公民。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：當我第一次在一本書中讀到關于MSF的時候，我意識到我想和這個組織一起工作。A.workwith與……共事；B.turnto轉向，向（某人）求助；C.learnfrom向……學習；D.relyon依靠。根據(jù)“beforefinallyjoiningMSF.”可知，作者意識到自己想和這個組織一起工作。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在加入無國界醫(yī)生組織之前，我學的是護理，并在臨床領域工作。A.nursing護理；B.teaching教；C.engineering工程師；D.painting繪畫。根據(jù)“workedinclinicalareas”可知，作者學習的是護理專業(yè)。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在我第一次去索馬里執(zhí)行任務時，沒過多久我就意識到這段經歷真的很有挑戰(zhàn)性。A.trip旅行；B.mission任務；C.attempt嘗試；D.transfer轉移。根據(jù)“itdidn’ttakemelongtorealizethatthisexperiencewouldbetruly____6____”可知，這是作者第一次在索馬里執(zhí)行任務。故選B。【26題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.disappointing失望的；B.frightening令人害怕的；C.annoying使惱怒的；D.challenging具有挑戰(zhàn)性的。根據(jù)下文“Itwasawar-worncountrywherepeoplesufferlawlessnessand____7____.”可知，作者執(zhí)行的任務具有挑戰(zhàn)性。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是一個飽受戰(zhàn)爭蹂躪的國家，人民無法無天，混亂不堪。A.disorder紊亂；B.inequality不平等；C.disability缺陷，殘疾；D.poverty貧窮。根據(jù)“Iwasnotusedtobeingaroundcitizenswithguns”可知，這個國家混亂不堪。故選A?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我不習慣身邊有帶槍的公民，不習慣在沒有政府、法律或醫(yī)院的情況下工作。A.name姓名；B.face臉；C.charge收費，掌管；D.absence缺席。根據(jù)“Itwasawar-worncountry”可知，索馬里這個地方是沒有穩(wěn)定的政府機構的。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，索馬里是一個美麗的國家：人民是迷人的，他們的韌性和耐力永遠是激勵我和我的無國界醫(yī)生組織團隊的因素。A.creative創(chuàng)造性的；B.motivating激勵的；C.professional專業(yè)的；D.possible可能的。根據(jù)“Yet,Somaliaisabeautifulcountry:peoplearefascinating,andtheirresilience(韌性)andendurance”可知，索馬里是一個美麗的國家：人民是迷人的，他們的韌性和耐力這些因素激勵者作者和其他醫(yī)療隊成員。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們實行“叢林療法”，用最少的資源為病人提供最好的治療。A.drugs藥物；B.supplies供應量；C.treatment治療；D.equipment裝備。根據(jù)“Wepracticed‘bushmedicines’”可知，作者他們用最少的資源為病人提供最高的治療。故選C。【31題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我認為我們創(chuàng)造了奇跡，或者確實見證了一些奇跡。A.missed錯過；B.desired渴望；C.awaited等待；D.witnessed見證。根據(jù)“Weweredoingsurgeriesinsideatentinthemiddleofnowhere,withoutoxygen,monitorsorhigh-techequipment,”可知，作者他們的組織見證了奇跡。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們在一個帳篷里做手術，在一個荒無人煙的地方，沒有氧氣，沒有監(jiān)視器，也沒有高科技設備，然而，盡管資源有限，我們還是設法挽救了生命。A.reusable可重復使用的；B.accessible可接近的；C.unique獨特的；D.limited有限的。根據(jù)上文“withtheleastpossibleresources”可知，此處表示資源有限。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我相信每個人都有享受醫(yī)療保健的權利。A.healthcare衛(wèi)生保??；B.education教育；C.vote投票；D.peace和平。根據(jù)“Ifinditveryhardtoseechildrendyingfromtotallypreventablediseasesandpeoplewithoutaccesstocleanwaterorshelter.”可知，看到遭受苦難的這些人，作者認為每個人都有享受醫(yī)療保健的權利。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這就是我前進的動力：無國界醫(yī)生組織幫助的人，與我們一起工作的人，以及我們?yōu)闇p輕世界上的痛苦所做的工作。A.thinking認為，思考；B.studying學習；C.going去，離開；D.fighting戰(zhàn)斗，打架。根據(jù)“AndIbelievethataperson’sdignity,ifnothingelse,eveninthefaceofdeath,isvital.”可知，作者認為人們的尊嚴是作者前進的動力。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.stand站起來；B.relieve減緩，減輕；C.transform轉換；D.resist抵制，抵抗。根據(jù)“thesufferingintheworld”可知，此處表示減輕世界上的痛苦。故選B。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。Oysters,soft-bodiedanimalswithoutskeletons,areimportantfortheunderwatercommunitytheysharewithplants,fish,andotherlife.Theyarefood____36____crabsandotheranimals.Asnewoystersgrow,theyattachtheirshellstoolderones,____37____(form)biggerreefswithmanysmallspaces____38____otheranimalslive.Oysterseatalgae(藻類).Ifalgaegrowtoofast,theycanexhaustoxygenfromthewater—andevenfishneedoxygen____39____(breath)!Becausesomanyanimalsdependonthem,oystersarecalledakeystonespecies.Ifakeystonespecies____40____(disappear),otherplantsandanimalsmaydieoffandnotgrowback.That’s____41____(exact)whathappened100yearsagoinNewYorkHarbor—agroupofriversandbaysaroundNewYorkCity.Beforethen,lotsofoysterslivedinthesewaters.Theoysterswerefamous!They____42____(ship)torestaurantsaroundtheworld.Theoystersweredelicious—maybetoodelicious.Bytheearly1900s,peoplewereeatingthemfasterthantheycouldgrow.Theoysterswereintroublefor____43____reason.Pollutionwaspouringintothewatersofthegrowingcity.Theharborbecameso____44____(pollute)thatfewtypesofanimalscouldliveinit.Sincethe1970s,newlaws_____45_____(help)reducetoxicwaste.Somefishstartedtoswimthroughagain.Butoysterswerestillmissing—untilrecently.【答案】36.for37.forming38.where39.tobreathe40.disappears41.exactly42.wereshipped43.another44polluted45.havehelped【解析】【分析】這是一