Alongwithsilkandpaper，gunpowderisanotherinventionbyChineseandtheSilkRoadhelpeditspreadtotheWest.Thedatingofgunpowderisasearlyas850AD.TheChineseusedgunpowdertomakefireworksandforsignalflares.Gunpowderwasalsothoughttohavebeenusedinmedicineandinalchemy(煉金術(shù)).ThisinventionseemstohavebeendiscoveredinChinabyaccident—byalchemistswhendoingexperiments.Thegunpowderusedformilitarypurposewasfirstrecordedin919AD.Bythe11thcentury，explosivebombsfilledwithgunpowderwereintroducedandusedinChina.Thewords“firecannon”“rocket”and“fireball”appearedtimeandagainintheofficialSonghistoryaswellastwootherbookswrittenduringthesameperiod.Thefirstdetaileddescriptionofusingthe“firecannon”inwarfarewasinconnectionwithabattlefoughtin1126whentheSongarmyuseditagainsttheinvadingenemy.Theso-called“firecannon”wasatubemadeofbamboofilledwithgunpowderwhich，whenfired，threwaflamingmissiletowardstheenemy.Accordingtoadescriptionofabattlescenein1132，ittooktwopersonstocarrya“firecannon”，andthecannonswerefiredfromamovingplatform.Andthisplatformhadtobemovedclosetothewallofthebesieged(被圍攻的)city.TheChineseinventionofgunpowderreachedJapan，theIslamiccountriesandthenEuropeinthe13thcenturyandtheArabsimprovedgunpowderformilitaryuse.TheearlyaccountofgunpowderinEuropewasrecordedbyEnglishphilosopherRogerBaconinthe13thcentury.OnecenturylatertheArabsusedittoattacktheSpanishtownBazaandthenextyearin1326Florenceorderedthemanufacturingofcannonandcannonballs.FromItalythemakingofgunpowdersoonspreadtootherEuropeancountries，andbythe1350sithadbeeaneffectiveweapononthebattlefield.根據(jù)上文完成下列各題1.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?2.ListthecountriestheChineseinventionofgunpowderreached.(1)；(2)；(3).PeriodOneIntroduction&ReadingandVocabularyⅠ.重點(diǎn)單詞1.adj.平等的2.n.重要；重要性adj.重要的3.n.哲學(xué)家n.哲學(xué)4.n.(常作復(fù)數(shù))教導(dǎo)；學(xué)說(shuō)vt.講授；教授n.教師5.n.思想家vt.想；思索；認(rèn)為n.思考；想法6.n.仁慈；善良adj.仁慈的，善良的7.n.秩序8.n.原則；準(zhǔn)則9.n.職位10.vt.強(qiáng)調(diào)11.vi.辭職12.n.顧問(wèn)vt.勸告；建議n.忠告；建議13.adj.有影響的n.影響；vt.影響；對(duì)……起作用Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1.與……相似2.與……交戰(zhàn)3.養(yǎng)育，撫養(yǎng)；提出4.采納某人的建議5.因……而出名6.在某些方面Ⅲ.重點(diǎn)句式1.theway作先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句Treatothersin.己所不欲，勿施于人。2.Itis/wasatimewhen...Butitwasalsoatimethereweremanygreatphilosophers.但那也是一個(gè)產(chǎn)生了許多偉大的哲學(xué)家的時(shí)期。3.thereasonwhy...isthat...Menciusbelievedthatthereasonmanisdifferentfromanimalsismanisgood.孟子認(rèn)為，人之所以不同于動(dòng)物，是因?yàn)槿诵员旧啤?.if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句Hetaughtthatifthegovernmentwaskind，thenpeople(be)good.他教導(dǎo)說(shuō)如果政府施行仁政，人民就會(huì)向善。Ⅰ.閱讀課文，匹配段落大意1.Para.1A.Mencius’steachings.2.Para.2B.Mozi’sphilosophy.3.Para.3C.Confucius’sideas.Ⅱ.課文閱讀理解1.WhatisthemainideaofConfuciusaccordingtothetext?A.Kindness，dutyandorderinsocietyareveryimportant.B.Governmentismoreimportantthanitspeople.C.Allmenarecreatedequal.D.Allmenareborngood.2.WhatwasthepossiblerelationshipbetweenConfuciusandMencius?A.Teacherandstudent.B.MenciuswasthefollowerofConfucius’sideas.C.Theyallworkedforthesamestate.D.Nothingrelatedatall.3.InwhichwaywasMozi’sideathesameasthatofConfucius?A.Menshouldbekind.B.Menwerebornequal.C.Governmentshouldbemoreemphasizedthanitspeople.D.Peopleweremoreimportantthanthegovernment.4.InMencius’sopinion，whichwasthemostimportant，thegovernment，therulerorthepeople?A.Thegovernment. B.Theruler.C.Thepeople. D.Notmentioned.5.WhatisthesimilarityofthethreephilosophersinancientChinaaccordingtothetext?A.Theywereallbornpoor.B.Theyallwrotetheirownbooks.C.Theyalltravelledfromstatetostate.D.TheirphilosophiesallinfluencedChinaforalongtime.Ⅲ.課文閱讀填空Confucius·551BC－479BC·Greatestinfluence(morethan2,000years).·Stressedtheimportanceof1.，2.and3.insociety.Mencius·Bornin372BCandbroughtupby4..·Atanimportant5.inthegovernmentfirstandlater6..·Manwas7..Peopleweremoreimportantthan8..Mozi·476BC－390BCGovernmentwasmostimportant.Allmenwere9..Lovedall10.andlookedaftertheweak.Hatedtheideaofwar.重點(diǎn)詞匯1.Allhumanbeingsareequal.眾生平等。[歸納拓展](1)equaladj.相等的；平等的；vt.等于；比得上；n.同等的人，相等物beequaltosth./doingsth.勝任……；比得上……beequal(tosb.)insth.在某方面(與某人)是同等的equalsb.insth.在某方面比得上某人havenoequalinsth.在某方面沒(méi)有對(duì)手(2)equallyadv.相等地；平等地；同樣地；公平地(3)equalityn.相等；平等[語(yǔ)境助記](méi)(1)Dividethecakeintoequalparts.把蛋糕分成等份。(2)Sheisveryweakandnotequaltomakingalongjourney.她身體虛弱，不堪長(zhǎng)途旅行。(3)Noonewasequaltoherinskillsandexperience.論技術(shù)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，沒(méi)人能比得上她。(4)Hehasnoequalinmusic.在音樂(lè)方面無(wú)人能與他匹敵。[題組訓(xùn)練](1)用equal的正確形式填空①Thenewlawprovidedforofhumanrights.②Wewillbedemandingrightsatwork.③Anyone，whetherheisanofficialorabusdriver，shouldberespected.(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換①IthinkIamfitforthejob.IthinkIthejob.②Mybrotherequalsmeinstrength.Mybrotherinstrength.(3)單句改錯(cuò)Asisknowntousall，allmenarebornequally.2.AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoftenatwarwitheachother.古代中國(guó)各諸侯國(guó)之間經(jīng)常發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。[歸納拓展]beatwarwith...與……交戰(zhàn)declarewaron...對(duì)……宣戰(zhàn)[語(yǔ)境助記](méi)(1)DuringtheSecondWorldWar，Germanywasatwarwithalmostallthecountriesintheworld.第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，德國(guó)幾乎同世界上所有的國(guó)家都處于交戰(zhàn)狀態(tài)。(2)GermanydeclaredwaronFranceon1August1914.德國(guó)在1914年8月1日向法國(guó)宣戰(zhàn)。[題組訓(xùn)練](1)用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空①Atthattime，ChinawasatwarJapan，sotravellingwasextremelydifficult.②Thegovernmentdeclaredwarthedrugdealers.(2)完成句子Howlonghavethey(相互交戰(zhàn))?思考在beatwarwith...中，at是什么意思？類似的短語(yǔ)還有哪些？，常見(jiàn)的類似短語(yǔ)有：在吃飯?jiān)诠ぷ髟谛菹残某龊Ｔ谏蠈W(xué)處于和平狀態(tài)3.Hestressedtheimportanceofkindness，dutyandorderinsociety.他強(qiáng)調(diào)仁愛(ài)、責(zé)任和秩序在社會(huì)中的重要性。[歸納拓展1](1)stressvt.強(qiáng)調(diào)；施壓于；使緊張；n.強(qiáng)調(diào)；壓力；重音stresstheimportanceof...強(qiáng)調(diào)……的重要性lay/place/putstresson...強(qiáng)調(diào)……beundergreatstress處于重壓之下(2)stressedadj.緊張的；有壓力的(常修飾人)(3)stressfuladj.壓力大的(常修飾物)[語(yǔ)境助記1](1)Theweightofsnowstressedtherooftothepointofcollapsing.雪的重量壓得屋頂快要塌了。(2)Oneofthemosteffectivewaystoreducestressistotalkaboutfeelingswithsomeoneyoutrust.(2015·浙江)減少壓力最有效的方法之一就是與你信任的人聊聊你的感受。(3)Englishteacherslay/place/putstressonreadingalot.英語(yǔ)老師強(qiáng)調(diào)要大量閱讀。[題組訓(xùn)練1](1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Happinessiswhatyoufeelwhenyou’renotfeeling(stress).②Teachingcanbea(stress)andtiringjob.③StudentsinSenior3aregreatstress，becausenoonewilltaketheriskoffailinginthecollegeentranceexaminations.(2)完成句子Ourheadmaster(強(qiáng)調(diào)了合作的重要性)atthemeetingyesterday.[歸納拓展2]ordern.秩序；順序；命令；訂單；vt.命令；訂購(gòu)；點(diǎn)菜inorder有序地；整齊的outoforder發(fā)生故障；次序顛倒eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(inordertodo,inorderthat))為了……placeanorderwithsb.forsth.向某人訂購(gòu)某物ordersb.todosth.命令某人做某事orderthat...命令……(從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式，should可以省略)[語(yǔ)境助記2](1)Thebossorderedthateverythingintheroom(should)beinorder.老板命令房間里的一切東西都要秩序井然。(2)Ican’tusemyputerbecauseitisoutoforder.我無(wú)法使用我的電腦，因?yàn)樗龉收狭恕?3)Inordertofindabetterjob，hedecidedtostudyasecondforeignlanguage.為了找個(gè)更好的工作，他決定再學(xué)一門(mén)外語(yǔ)。[題組訓(xùn)練2](1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Ourheadteacher’sorderisthatourhomework(hand)inafterschool.②(order)overaweekago，thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.(2016·北京)③Mumalwayskeepseverythinginthehouseorder.④Ican’tmakeacall，asourphoneisoutorder.⑤Wouldyouliketoplaceanorderme100copiesofthebook?(2)一句多譯老師命令他盡早開(kāi)始。①Theteacherassoonaspossible.②Theteacherassoonaspossible.4.Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasyoung，andhewasbroughtupbyhismother.他早年喪父，由其母親撫養(yǎng)成人。[歸納拓展]bringup教育，撫養(yǎng)(孩子)；提出(議題等)；嘔吐bringout使顯現(xiàn)；說(shuō)明；出版bringabout引起，導(dǎo)致bringdown降低；減少bringin吸引；引進(jìn)；賺得[語(yǔ)境助記](méi)(1)Thewomanhadtobringupthreeyoungchildrenonherownafterherhusbandlefther.在她丈夫離開(kāi)她之后，這位婦女不得不獨(dú)自撫養(yǎng)三個(gè)年幼的孩子。(2)PeoplelaughedattheideawhenIfirstbroughtitup.我第一次提出這個(gè)主意來(lái)時(shí)，遭到了人們的嘲笑。(3)Hebroughtupallheate.他把吃的東西全都吐出來(lái)了。[題組訓(xùn)練](1)用適當(dāng)?shù)慕?、副詞填空①Theexamplesbringthemeaningofthisword.②ItriedtogetthemtobringthepriceoftheTVset，buttheyrefused.SoIdidn’tbuyit.③TheystartedtouseEnglish，buttheyalsobroughtsomewordsfromtheirownlanguages.④Whatbroughtthechangeinhisattitude?⑤Oncethepoisonisbrought，thereisnofurtherdanger.(2)同義詞語(yǔ)替換Pleasebringupyoursuggestionatthenextmeeting.經(jīng)典句式1.Menciusbelievedthatthereasonwhymanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood.孟子認(rèn)為，人之所以不同于動(dòng)物，是因?yàn)槿诵员旧啤歸納拓展](1)句子結(jié)構(gòu)thereasonwhy...isthat...用來(lái)陳述理由，意思是“……的理由/原因是……”。(2)當(dāng)reason用作定語(yǔ)從句的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用that或which，且that/which可以省去。(3)Thisbecause...because...這/那是因?yàn)椤?，because在此句式中引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。[語(yǔ)境助記](méi)(1)Thereasonwhyhebrokedownisthatheworkedtoohardrecently.他身體垮掉的原因是他近來(lái)工作太辛苦了。(2)Idon’tbelievethereason(that/which)hetoldmeforhisbeinglate.我不相信他告訴我的他遲到的理由。[題組訓(xùn)練](1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Thereasonhegavethatdaywasactuallymadeupbyhimself.Infact，thereasonhewasabsentishewenttoseeafilm.②Hewentonabusinesstriplastweek，andthatishedidn’tgotoyourbirthdayparty.③Iquitmyjobyesterday.ThisisIwasofferedabetteroneinanotherpany.(2)單句改錯(cuò)①Thereasonwhyhedidn’teisbecausehewasill.②Thereasonwhyheexplainedtomeabouthisfailureisthathehadn’tmadefullpreparations.2.Hetaughtthatifthegovernmentwaskind，thenpeoplewouldbegood.他教導(dǎo)說(shuō)如果政府施行仁政，人民就會(huì)向善。[歸納拓展]本句中的that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中包含一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句。該結(jié)構(gòu)中，根據(jù)動(dòng)作時(shí)間的不同，主從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需要采用相應(yīng)的形式：類型非真實(shí)條件從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(be動(dòng)詞一般用were)主語(yǔ)＋should/would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反主語(yǔ)＋had＋過(guò)去分詞主語(yǔ)＋should/would/could/might＋have＋過(guò)去分詞與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反主語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去式/should＋動(dòng)詞原形/wereto＋動(dòng)詞原形主語(yǔ)＋should/would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形[語(yǔ)境助記](méi)(1)IfIwereyou，Ishouldbuyit.如果我是你，我就買了它。(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)(2)Iwaswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadn’tbeenwearingone，Iwouldhavebeeninjured.(2016·天津)我當(dāng)時(shí)系著安全帶。如果沒(méi)系的話，我會(huì)受傷的。(與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反)(3)IfsheweretomarryJack，shewouldbehappy.如果嫁給杰克，她會(huì)幸福的。(與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反)[題組訓(xùn)練](1)用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空①IfI(have)timenow，Iwouldchatwithyou.②Whydidn’tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek？Ifyou(tell)me，Icouldhavehelped.(2016·北京)③Ifit(snow)tomorrow，whatshouldwedo?④IfIwereateacher，I(give)thestudentsnohomework.(2)單句改錯(cuò)Hadyoutoldmeaboutitearlier，Iwouldetoyouraid.難句分析1.AncientChinawasaplacewherestateswereoftenatwarwitheachother.句式分析：句子中where...eachother是從句，修飾先行詞，where在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。自主翻譯：2.However，whenhesawthattherulerwasnotfollowinghisadvice，heresigned.句式分析：本句中，when引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，該從句中又含有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句，作的賓語(yǔ)。自主翻譯：Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(xiě)1.Heemphasizedthe(重要性)ofcarefuldriving.2.Hisfatherhasahigh(職位)inthegovernment.3.Thereport(強(qiáng)調(diào))thatstudents’mathskillsneedtobeimproved.4.You’dbetternotrbeforeyoufindabetterjob.5.Sheisamost(有影響的)figureinlocalpolitics.6.Clevernessisagiftwhile(善良)isachoice.7.Whatisrightistogiveallchildreneopportunitiestodeveloptheirspecialgift.8.Trafficrulesaremadetokeepoontheroad.9.Wewilllearnsomeeastern(學(xué)說(shuō))toguideus.10.LeonardodaVinci，oneofthegreatest(思想家)intheworld，isalsoanartist.Ⅱ.選詞填空eq\x(insomeways；beatwarwith；bringup；besimilarto；lookafter)11.ThePresidenthassaidhiscountryisnotandwillneverothercountries.12.Hisnewsuggestionwasatthemeeting.13.Myteachingstylethatofmostotherteachers.14.Totellyouthetruth，IquitelikeJay’snewalbum.15.Youshouldlearntoyourself.Ⅲ.完成句子16.If(天氣好的話)now，wewouldhaveapicnic.17.Idon’tliketheway(你對(duì)我講話的方式).18.Hisself-confidence(對(duì)我有著重大的影響).19.(曾經(jīng)有一段時(shí)期)thiskindofmusicwasquitepopular.20.ThereasonwhyIdidn’tattendhisweddingwas(我沒(méi)有收到他的邀請(qǐng)).Ⅳ.課文語(yǔ)法填空ThereweremanygreatphilosophersinancientChina.Confucius,21.wasbornin551BCanddiedin479BC，wasthe22.(great)philosopher.Hestressedtheimportanceof23.(kind)，dutyandorderinsociety.HisideasaffectedChinesesocietyforover2,000years.Mencius，bornin372BC，wasastudentofConfucius’sideas.So，his24.(teach)weresimilartothoseofConfucius.Hebelievedmanwasborngoodand25.peopleweremoreimportantthanrulers.Hewroteabookinhislastyears26.(name)TheBookofMencius.Mozi，whowasbornin476BCanddiedin390BC，wasalso27.influentialphilosopher.Insomeways，hisideasweresimilartothoseofConfucius.28.example，he29.(think)governmentwasthemostimportant.Mozibelievedallmenwere30.(equally).HisideaoflovedifferedfromtheConfucianideaofkindness.MozifoundedthephilosophycalledMohism.

答案精析話題導(dǎo)入1.Gunpowder2.(1)Japan(2)Islamiccountries(3)Europeancountries基礎(chǔ)自測(cè)Ⅰ.1.equal2.importance；important3.philosopher；philosophy4.teaching；teach；teacher5.thinker；think；thought6.kindness；kind7.order8.principle9.position10.stress11.resign12.adviser；advise；advice13.influential；influenceⅡ.1.besimilarto2.beatwarwith3.bringup4.followone