2025年英語聽說讀寫專項(xiàng)能力測試試卷（天文學(xué)英語版）考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、聽力理解要求：仔細(xì)聽錄音，根據(jù)所聽內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。1.A.ThemoonistheclosestnaturalsatellitetoEarth.B.MarsistheclosestplanettoEarth.C.Venusisthebrightestplanetinthenightsky.D.Jupiteristhelargestplanetinoursolarsystem.2.A.Thesolarsystemconsistsofeightplanets.B.TheSunisthelargeststarintheMilkyWaygalaxy.C.TheEarthistheonlyplanetwithliquidwateronitssurface.D.Saturnhasmoremoonsthananyotherplanet.3.A.Thespeedoflightis300,000kilometerspersecond.B.TheEarthorbitstheSunin365days.C.ThemoonorbitstheEarthin27days.D.Thesolarsystemisabout4.6billionyearsold.4.A.TheInternationalSpaceStationorbitstheEarthevery90minutes.B.TheHubbleSpaceTelescopewaslaunchedin1990.C.TheApollo11missionlandedthefirsthumansonthemoonin1969.D.TheMarsrovershavebeenexploringtheRedPlanetsince2004.5.A.TheSunisamedium-sizedstar.B.TheMilkyWaygalaxycontainsbillionsofstars.C.TheAndromedagalaxyistheclosestmajorgalaxytoourMilkyWay.D.TheHubbleSpaceTelescopeisaspacetelescopelocatedinEarth'sorbit.6.A.TheEarth'satmosphereismadeupofnitrogen,oxygen,andcarbondioxide.B.TheEarth'soceanscoverabout71%oftheplanet'ssurface.C.TheEarth'smagneticfieldprotectsusfromsolarradiation.D.TheEarth'stiltcausesseasonstochangethroughouttheyear.7.A.TheInternationalSpaceStationisaresearchlaboratoryinspace.B.TheHubbleSpaceTelescopehasdiscoveredmanynewcelestialobjects.C.TheMarsrovershavesentbackthousandsofimagesoftheRedPlanet.D.TheApollo11missionreturnedsamplesofmoonrocktoEarth.8.A.TheSunisaG-typemain-sequencestar.B.TheMilkyWaygalaxyisaspiralgalaxy.C.TheAndromedagalaxyisadwarfgalaxy.D.TheHubbleSpaceTelescopeisaspacetelescopelocatedinEarth'sorbit.9.A.TheEarth'satmosphereismadeupofnitrogen,oxygen,andcarbondioxide.B.TheEarth'soceanscoverabout71%oftheplanet'ssurface.C.TheEarth'smagneticfieldprotectsusfromsolarradiation.D.TheEarth'stiltcausesseasonstochangethroughouttheyear.10.A.TheInternationalSpaceStationisaresearchlaboratoryinspace.B.TheHubbleSpaceTelescopehasdiscoveredmanynewcelestialobjects.C.TheMarsrovershavesentbackthousandsofimagesoftheRedPlanet.D.TheApollo11missionreturnedsamplesofmoonrocktoEarth.二、詞匯理解要求：根據(jù)上下文，選擇正確的單詞或短語填空。1.The_______ofthesolarsystemisabout4.6billionyearsold.A.historyB.ageC.timeD.length2.The_______oflightis300,000kilometerspersecond.A.speedB.rateC.velocityD.speedometer3.The_______oftheEarth'satmosphereismadeupofnitrogen,oxygen,andcarbondioxide.A.compositionB.structureC.densityD.pressure4.The_______oftheEarth'soceanscoverabout71%oftheplanet'ssurface.A.sizeB.extentC.areaD.volume5.The_______oftheEarth'smagneticfieldprotectsusfromsolarradiation.A.strengthB.intensityC.powerD.magnitude6.The_______oftheEarth'stiltcausesseasonstochangethroughouttheyear.A.angleB.directionC.positionD.orientation7.The_______oftheInternationalSpaceStationisaresearchlaboratoryinspace.A.purposeB.functionC.missionD.objective8.The_______oftheHubbleSpaceTelescopehasdiscoveredmanynewcelestialobjects.A.researchB.investigationC.explorationD.observation9.The_______oftheMarsrovershavesentbackthousandsofimagesoftheRedPlanet.A.missionB.journeyC.explorationD.venture10.The_______oftheApollo11missionreturnedsamplesofmoonrocktoEarth.A.journeyB.missionC.explorationD.venture四、閱讀理解要求：仔細(xì)閱讀下列短文，然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題。AbriefhistoryoftheHubbleSpaceTelescopeTheHubbleSpaceTelescope(HST)isaspacetelescopethatwaslaunchedintolowEarthorbitin1990.ItisnamedaftertheAmericanastronomerEdwinHubble,whodiscoveredthattheuniverseisexpanding.TheHSTisacollaborationbetweenNASAandtheEuropeanSpaceAgency(ESA).TheHSTwasdesignedtoobservedistantobjectsinspace,suchasstars,galaxies,andnebulae.Ithascapturedsomeofthemoststunningimagesoftheuniverse,providingscientistswithvaluabledataaboutthecosmos.OneofthemostsignificantdiscoveriesmadebytheHSTistheageoftheuniverse.Byobservingdistantgalaxies,astronomershavedeterminedthattheuniverseisabout13.8billionyearsold.TheHSThasalsohelpedscientistsunderstandtheformationofstarsandgalaxies,aswellastheexistenceofblackholes.TheHSThasfacedseveralchallengesduringitsmission.In1997,agyroscopefailed,andthetelescopewasunabletopointaccurately.However,engineersdevelopedaworkaround,andtheHSTcontinuedtooperate.In2009,anothergyroscopefailed,butthetelescopewasstillabletooperatewiththreeworkinggyroscopes.In2019,theHSTwasreplacedbytheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST),whichisexpectedtoprovideevenmoredetailedobservationsoftheuniverse.However,theHSTwillcontinuetobeusedforresearchandeducation.1.WhoistheHubbleSpaceTelescopenamedafter?2.WhatisoneofthemostsignificantdiscoveriesmadebytheHST?3.WhywastheHSTunabletopointaccuratelyin1997?4.WhatwastheworkaroundfortheHST'sgyroscopefailurein1997?5.WhenwastheHSTreplacedbytheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope?6.WhatistheexpectedoutcomeoftheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope?五、完形填空要求：閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。TheAndromedagalaxy,alsoknownasM31,isaspiralgalaxythatislocatedabout2.5millionlight-yearsawayfromEarth.ItistheclosestmajorgalaxytoourMilkyWayandcanbeseenwiththenakedeyeonaclearnight.TheAndromedagalaxyisaverylargegalaxy,withadiameterofabout220,000light-years.Itcontainshundredsofbillionsofstarsandishometoavarietyofcelestialobjects,includingstars,nebulae,andblackholes.OneofthemostinterestingfeaturesoftheAndromedagalaxyisitsspiralstructure.Thisstructureiscausedbythegravitationalforcesofthegalaxy'sstarsandgas.Thespiralarmsofthegalaxyarefilledwithyoungstarsandnebulae,whichareareaswherenewstarsareforming.TheAndromedagalaxyisalsoknownforitshighmetallicity.Metallicityreferstotheabundanceofelementsheavierthanhydrogenandheliuminastarorgalaxy.ThehighmetallicityoftheAndromedagalaxysuggeststhatithasundergonemanyinteractionswithothergalaxiesinthepast.TheAndromedagalaxyisexpectedtocollidewiththeMilkyWaygalaxyinabout4billionyears.Thiscollisionispredictedtohaveasignificantimpactonbothgalaxies,potentiallychangingtheirstructuresandproperties.1.TheAndromedagalaxyis_______fromEarth.A.farB.nearC.distantD.close2.TheAndromedagalaxyisa_______galaxy.A.ellipticalB.spiralC.irregularD.barredspiral3.ThespiralstructureoftheAndromedagalaxyiscausedby_______.A.gravitationalforcesB.magneticfieldsC.radiationpressureD.cosmicrays4.TheAndromedagalaxyisknownforits_______.A.lowmetallicityB.highmetallicityC.lowdensityD.highdensity5.TheAndromedagalaxyisexpectedto_______withtheMilkyWaygalaxy.A.mergeB.collideC.orbitD.pass六、翻譯要求：將下列句子翻譯成英語。1.TheHubbleSpaceTelescopehasrevolutionizedourunderstandingoftheuniverse.2.TheAndromedagalaxyisaspiralgalaxythatislocatedabout2.5millionlight-yearsawayfromEarth.3.ThehighmetallicityoftheAndromedagalaxysuggeststhatithasundergonemanyinteractionswithothergalaxiesinthepast.4.ThecollisionbetweentheAndromedagalaxyandtheMilkyWaygalaxyispredictedtohaveasignificantimpactonbothgalaxies.5.TheJamesWebbSpaceTelescopeisexpectedtoprovideevenmoredetailedobservationsoftheuniversethantheHubbleSpaceTelescope.本次試卷答案如下：一、聽力理解1.A.ThemoonistheclosestnaturalsatellitetoEarth.解析：根據(jù)聽力材料，我們知道月球是地球最近的自然衛(wèi)星，因此選擇A。2.C.TheEarthistheonlyplanetwithliquidwateronitssurface.解析：聽力材料中提到，地球是唯一一個(gè)在其表面有液態(tài)水的行星，所以選擇C。3.B.TheEarthorbitstheSunin365days.解析：根據(jù)聽力材料，地球圍繞太陽運(yùn)行一圈需要365天，因此選擇B。4.C.TheApollo11missionlandedthefirsthumansonthemoonin1969.解析：聽力材料中提到，阿波羅11號(hào)任務(wù)于1969年將人類首次送上月球，所以選擇C。5.D.Jupiteristhelargestplanetinoursolarsystem.解析：聽力材料中提到，木星是太陽系中最大的行星，因此選擇D。6.A.Thesunisamedium-sizedstar.解析：根據(jù)聽力材料，太陽是一個(gè)中等大小的恒星，所以選擇A。7.B.TheHubbleSpaceTelescopewaslaunchedin1990.解析：聽力材料中提到，哈勃太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡于1990年發(fā)射，所以選擇B。8.A.Thesolarsystemconsistsofeightplanets.解析：根據(jù)聽力材料，太陽系由八個(gè)行星組成，所以選擇A。9.B.TheEarth'satmosphereismadeupofnitrogen,oxygen,andcarbondioxide.解析：聽力材料中提到，地球大氣由氮?dú)?、氧氣和二氧化碳組成，所以選擇B。10.C.TheEarth'smagneticfieldprotectsusfromsolarradiation.解析：根據(jù)聽力材料，地球磁場保護(hù)我們免受太陽輻射，所以選擇C。二、詞匯理解1.B.age解析：根據(jù)上下文，這里指的是太陽系的年齡，所以選擇age。2.A.speed解析：根據(jù)上下文，這里指的是光的速度，所以選擇speed。3.A.composition解析：根據(jù)上下文，這里指的是地球大氣的組成，所以選擇composition。4.C.area解析：根據(jù)上下文，這里指的是地球海洋覆蓋的面積，所以選擇area。5.A.strength解析：根據(jù)上下文，這里指的是地球磁場的強(qiáng)度，所以選擇strength。6.A.angle解析：根據(jù)上下文，這里指的是地球傾斜的角度，所以選擇angle。7.B.function解析：根據(jù)上下文，這里指的是國際空間站的功能，所以選擇function。8.D.observation解析：根據(jù)上下文，這里指的是哈勃太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡的觀測，所以選擇observation。9.C.exploration解析：根據(jù)上下文，這里指的是火星探測車對(duì)火星的探索，所以選擇exploration。10.B.mission解析：根據(jù)上下文，這里指的是阿波羅11號(hào)任務(wù)的使命，所以選擇mission。三、閱讀理解1.EdwinHubble解析：根據(jù)第一段，哈勃太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡是以美國天文學(xué)家埃德溫·哈勃命名的。2.Theageoftheuniverse解析：根據(jù)第二段，哈勃太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡幫助天文學(xué)家確定了宇宙的年齡。3.Agyroscopefailed解析：根據(jù)第三段，1997年一個(gè)陀螺儀故障導(dǎo)致哈勃太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡無法準(zhǔn)確指向。4.Engineers