Book1Unit4NaturalDisastersSectionIVReadingforWriting同步測試(解析版)【大單元教學】2023-2024學年高一英語同步備課系列（人教版2019必修第一冊）一、閱讀理解PassageAThecapitalofacountryisoftenaverypopulatedcitywheremuchhistoryhasbeenmadeduetothehigh-levelpoliticalandeconomicfunctionsthatoccurthere.However,sometimesgovernmentleadersdecidetomovethecapitalfromonecitytoanother.Capitalrelocationhasbeendonehundredsoftimesthroughouthistory.TheancientEgyptians,Romans,andChinesechangedtheircapitalfrequently.Somecountrieschoosenewcapitalsthataremoreeasilydefendedinatimeofinvasion(侵略)orwar.Somenewcapitalsareplannedandbuiltinpreviouslyundevelopedareastopromotedevelopment.Countriessometimeschangetheircapitalbecausetheyexpectsometypeofpolitical,social,oreconomicbenefit.Theyhopeandexpectthatthenewcapitalswillsurelydevelopintoculturaltreasureandhopefullymakethecountryamorestableplace.Herearecapitalrelocationsthathaveoccurredinapproximatelythelastfewcenturies.AsiaJapanfromKyototoTokyo—1868TurkeyfromIstanbultoAnkara—1923IsraelfromTelAviv-JaffotoJerusalem—1950EuropePolandfromKrakowtoWarsaw—1596FinlandfromTurkutoHelsinki—1812ItalyfromTurintoFlorencetoSalernotoRome—1871TheAmericasTheUSfromNewYorktoWashington—1800JamaicafromPortRoyaltoSpanishTowntoKingston—1872OceaniaNewZealandfromAucklandtoWellington—18651．Whydidsomecountriesdecidetomovethecapital?A．Tofurtherexpandtheirland.B．Touncoverancienttreasure.C．Todevelopundevelopedareas.D．Todeclarewaronanothercountry.2．Whichcountrywastheearliesttomoveitscapital?A．Turkey. B．Poland.C．TheUnitedSate. D．NewZealand.3．WhatdoItalyandJamaicahaveincommon?A．Theymovedthecapitalsmorethanonce.B．Theircapitalsweredestroyedinthewar.C．Theymovedtheircapitalsinthesameyear.D．Theircapitalsmovedbecauseoftheeconomy.閱讀理解答案TheanswertoPassageA：CBA【導語】這是一篇應用文。文章介紹了歷史上一些經常遷都的國家以及其背后的原因。【解析】1．細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段“Somenewcapitalsareplannedandbuiltinpreviouslyundevelopedareastopromotedevelopment.(一些新的首都被規(guī)劃和建設在以前未開發(fā)的地區(qū)，以促進發(fā)展。)”可知，一些國家決定遷都是為了開發(fā)欠發(fā)達地區(qū)。故選C?！窘馕觥?．推理判斷題。根據表格中“PolandfromKrakowtoWarsaw—1596(波蘭于1596年將首都從克拉科夫遷到華沙)”可推知，波蘭于1596年將首都從克拉科夫遷到華沙；再對比表格中其它國家遷都的時間可知，波蘭遷都的時間最早。故選B。【解析】3．細節(jié)理解題。根據表格中“Italy

fromTurintoFlorencetoSalernotoRome—1871(意大利在1871年將首都從都靈遷到佛羅倫薩，再遷到到薩勒諾，最后再遷到羅馬)”可知，意大利曾經將首都從都靈遷到佛羅倫薩，再遷到到薩勒諾，最后再遷到羅馬；再結合表格中“Jamaica

fromPortRoyaltoSpanishTowntoKingston-1872(牙買加在1872年將首都從皇家港遷到西班牙城，最后再遷到金斯敦)”可知，牙買加曾將首都從皇家港遷到西班牙城，最后再遷到金斯敦。由此可知，意大利和牙買加的共同之處在于這兩個國家都不止一次遷都。故選A。PassageBWhenachunkoficefellfromacollapsingglacier(冰川)ontheSwissAlps’MountEigerin2017,partofthelongdeepsounditproducedwastoolowforhumanearstohear.Butthecontinuousshakingheldakeytocalculatingtheiceavalanche’s(崩塌)criticalcharacteristics.Low-frequencysoundwavescalledinfrasoundthattravelgreatdistancesthroughtheatmospherearealreadyusedtomonitoractivevolcanoesfromafar.Nowsomeresearchersinthisfieldhaveswitchedfocusfromfiretoice.Usuallyglaciersmovefartooslowlytogenerateaninfrasoundsignal,whichresearcherspickupusingdetectorsthattrackslightchangesinairpressure.Butacollapse—asudden,rapidbreakingoficefromtheglacier’smainbody—isaninfrasoundproducerinlargeamounts.Glacialcollapsesdriveiceavalanches,whichposeanincreasingthreattopeopleinmountainousregionsasrisingtemperaturesweakenlargefieldsofice.Aglacier“canbecomeseparatefromthegroundduetomelting,causingbiggerbreak-offs,”saysUniversityofFlorencegeologistEmanueleMarchetti,leadauthorofthenewstudy.Asthethreatgrows,scientistsseeknewwaystomonitoranddetectsuchcollapses.Researchersoftenuseradartotrackiceavalanches,whichisaccuratebutexpensiveandcanmonitoronlyonespecificlocationandneighboringavalanchepaths.Infrasound,Marchettisays,ischeaperandcandetectbreak-offeventsaroundmuchbroaderregionsaswellasmultipleavalanchesacrossamountain.Itischallenging,however,toseparateasignalintoitscomponentssuchastrafficnoises,individualavalanchesandnearbyearthquakeswithoutadditionalmeasurements,saysETHZurichglaciologistMalgorzataChmiel.“ThemodelusedbyMarchettiisafirstcloseestimationforthis,”shesays.Isolatingtherelevantsignalhelpstheresearchersmonitoraniceavalanche’sspeed,pathandvolumefromafarusinginfrasound.Marchettiandhiscolleagueshavesetupcollaborationsaroundthecontinenttobetterunderstandsignalsthatcollapsingglaciersproduce.Theyarealsorefiningtheiranalysistofigureouteachiceavalanche’sphysicaldetails.4．Whatdoweknowabouticeavalanches?A．Iceavalanchescanbedetectedthroughinfrasound.B．Iceavalanchesarecausedbychangeinairpressure.C．Iceavalanchesmovetooslowlytoproduceaninfrasoundsignal.D．Iceavalanchesposeabiggerthreattopeoplethanvolcaniceruptions.5．Whichofthefollowingisanadvantageofinfrasound?A．Thecombinationwithotherrelevantsignals.B．Theabilityinpickingupsignalsinwiderareas.C．Theaccuracyinlocatingonlyonecertainavalanche.D．Thesensitivityintrackingslightairpressurechanges.6．Theunderlinedword“this”inParagraph3refersto________.A．distinguishingdifferentpartsofasignalB．addingmeasurementstoreceivesignalsC．detectingmultipleavalanchesacrossamountainD．calculatingthespeed,pathandvolumeoficeavalanches7．Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A．FromFiretoIce B．Nature’sShockingC．GlacierWhispers D．SecretofIceAvalanches閱讀理解答案TheanswertoPassageB:ABAC【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹冰崩會發(fā)出大量的次聲波，研究人員正在嘗試用次聲探測技術來檢測和探測冰崩?！窘馕觥?．細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中“Researchersoftenuseradartotrackiceavalanches,whichisaccuratebutexpensiveandcanmonitoronlyonespecificlocationandneighboringavalanchepaths.

Infrasound,Marchettisays,ischeaperandcandetectbreak-offeventsaroundmuchbroaderregionsaswellasmultipleavalanchesacrossamountain.(研究人員經常使用雷達來跟蹤冰雪崩，這種方法準確但昂貴，只能監(jiān)測一個特定的位置和鄰近的雪崩路徑。馬爾凱蒂說，次聲波更便宜，可以探測到更廣闊地區(qū)的斷裂事件，以及一座山上的多次雪崩)”可知，雪崩可以通過次聲波探測到。故選A項?！窘馕觥?．細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段的“Researchersoftenuseradartotrackiceavalanches,whichisprecisebutexpensiveandcanmonitoronlyonespecificlocationandneighboringavalanchepaths.Infrasound,Marchettisays,ischeaperandcandetectbreak—offeventsaroundamuchbroaderareaaswellasmultipleavalanchesacrossamountain.(研究人員經常使用雷達來跟蹤冰雪崩，這種方法精確但昂貴，而且只能監(jiān)測一個特定的位置和鄰近的雪崩路徑。馬爾凱蒂說，次聲探測技術成本更低，可以探測到更廣闊的區(qū)域附近的斷裂事件，以及山脈上的多次雪崩)”可知，和雷達相比次聲探測的優(yōu)勢是能接收更大范圍內的信號。故選B項。【解析】6．詞句猜測題。分析句子可知，句中this應指代上文出現的內容。根據第三段的“Itischallenging,however,toseparateasignalintoitscomponentssuchastrafficnoises,individualavalanchesandnearbyearthquakeswithoutadditionalmeasurements,saysETHZurichglaciologistMalgorzataChmiel.（然而，蘇黎世聯邦理工學院的冰川學家MalgorzataChmiel說，在沒有額外測量的情況下，將一個信號分解成它的組成部分（如交通噪音、單獨的雪崩和附近的地震）是一項挑戰(zhàn))”推知，this指代“區(qū)分信號的成分”，即馬爾凱蒂使用的模型是區(qū)分信號成分的初步近似（該模型能區(qū)分出信號的不同成分）。故選A項?！窘馕觥?．主旨大意題。根據文章的主要內容，尤其第一段的“Butthecontinuousshakingheldakeytocalculatingtheiceavalanche’scriticalcharacteristics.(但持續(xù)的晃動是計算冰崩臨界特征的關鍵)”和第二段的“Butacollapse—asudden,rapidbreakingoficefromtheglacier’smainbody—isaninfrasoundproducerinlargeamounts.(但是冰川的崩塌——冰川主體的冰突然迅速斷裂——是大量次聲的產生者)”和“Asthethreatgrows,scientistsseeknewwaystomonitoranddetectsuchcollapses.(隨著威脅的增加，科學家們尋求新的方法來監(jiān)測和探測這種崩塌)”可知，冰崩會發(fā)出大量的次聲波，研究人員正在嘗試用次聲探測技術來檢測和探測冰崩。故C項“冰川低語”可以作為本文標題，吸引讀者。PassageCTwotownsinBoulderCounty,Coloradoarestrugglingtorecoverafterterriblewildfiresdestroyednearly1,000buildings.TheMarshallfireandtheMiddleForkfirebeganonThursdaymorningasgrassfires.Strongwindsblowingatspeedsofupto175kphhelpedfeedtheflamesandspreadthemfurther.ThefiresspreadthroughtownslocatedbetweenthelargercitiesofBoulderandDenver.Over30,000peoplewereforcedtoleaveLouisville,Superior,andtwoothernearbytownsasthefiresweptthroughthearea.ByFridaymorning,thewildfireshadburnedroughly25squarekilometers.TheMiddleForkfirewasbroughtundercontrolonFriday,buttheMarshallfirewashardertostopNearly1,000buildingsweredestroyed,includinghundredsofhomes,ahotel,andashoppingcenter.Inspiteofthepowerofthewildfires,therehaveonlybeenafewinjuries.Sofar,nodeathshavebeenreported.

Authoritiesinitiallysuggestedthatthefiremayhavebeencausedbypowerlinesdownedbythewind.ButcompanyXcelEnergyreportedFridaythatnoneofitspowerlinesintheareawherethefirebeganhadbeendowned,throwingthatexplanationintoquestion.Surprisingly,snowbeganfallingonFridaynight,helpingtoputoutthefire.ButbySaturday,thesnowandfallingtemperatureshadbeguntocausenewproblems.Manyhomesintheareawereleftwithnoelectricityandnogasforheating.Withtemperaturesaround-14℃,waterpipesbeganfreezingandbreakinginmanyofthehomesthathadsurvivedtheflames.Manypeoplearelookingattheparttheclimatecrisisplayedinthisdisaster.WildfireseasonusedtorunfromMaytoNovember,butthat’snolongertrue.TemperaturesintheareahavebeenunusuallywarmsinceJuly.JenniferBalch，who’safirescientist，toldtheDenverPost,“Climatechangeisdefinitelyapartofthisstory,inthatfireseasonsare1onger.”8．Howmanytownswereaffectedbythefires?A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5.9．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthefires?A．Theywereputoutatthesametime.B．Ithasn’tbeenclearhowtheystarted.C．They’retheworstwildfiresinColorado.D．Noonewasinjuredorkilledinthefires.10．WhichofthefollowingdoesJenniferBalchagreewith?A．Thewildfireseasonisshorterthanbefore.B．BoulderCountyisinurgentneedofrain.C．Peoplearenotpreparedforextremeweather.D．Climatechangeistopartiallyblameforthefires.11．WhichcanbestdescribewhathappenedtoColoradorecently?A．Itneverrainsbutitpours. B．Saveforarainyday.C．Killtwobirdswithonestone. D．Preventionisbetterthancure.閱讀理解答案TheanswertoPassageC:CBDA【導語】這是一篇新聞報道。主要報道了科羅拉多州發(fā)生火災，造成了損失，大雪幫助撲滅大火之后，又引發(fā)了新的問題?！窘馕觥?．細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段“Over30,000peoplewereforcedtoleaveLouisville,Superior,andtwoothernearbytownsasthefiresweptthroughthearea.(大火席卷該地區(qū)時，超過30000人被迫離開路易斯維爾、蘇必利爾和附近的兩個城鎮(zhèn)。)”可知，路易斯維爾、蘇必利爾和附近的兩個城鎮(zhèn)受到了火災的影響。故選C項。【解析】9．推理判斷題。根據第四段“Authoritiesinitiallysuggestedthatthefiremayhavebeencausedbypowerlinesdownedbythewind.ButcompanyXcelEnergyreportedFridaythatnoneofitspowerlinesintheareawherethefirebeganhadbeendowned,throwingthatexplanationintoquestion.(當局最初表示，火災可能是由風吹落的電線引起的。但XcelEnergy公司周五報告稱，火災發(fā)生地區(qū)的所有電線均未掉落，這一解釋受到質疑。)”可知，當局給出的火災發(fā)生原因受到質疑，現在還不清楚火災是如何發(fā)生的。故選B項?！窘馕觥?0．細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第一段“TemperaturesintheareahavebeenunusuallywarmsinceJuly.JenniferBalch,who’safirescientist,toldtheDenverPost,“Climatechangeisdefinitelyapartofthisstory,inthatfireseasonsare1onger.”(火災科學家珍妮弗·巴爾奇告訴《丹佛郵報》，“氣候變化肯定是這個故事的一部分，因為火災季節(jié)越來越長。”)”可知，珍妮弗·巴爾奇認為氣候變化是火災的部分原因。故選D項?！窘馕觥?1．推理判斷題。根據第一段“TwotownsinBoulderCounty,Coloradoarestrugglingtorecoverafterterriblewildfiresdestroyednearly1,000buildings.(科羅拉多州博爾德縣的兩個城鎮(zhèn)在可怕的野火摧毀了近1000棟建筑后，正在努力恢復。)”以及倒數第二段“ButbySaturday,thesnowandfallingtemperatureshadbeguntocausenewproblems.Manyhomesintheareawereleftwithnoelectricityandnogasforheating.Withtemperaturesaround-14℃,waterpipesbeganfreezingandbreakinginmanyofthehomesthathadsurvivedtheflames.(但到了周六，降雪和氣溫下降開始引發(fā)新的問題。該地區(qū)的許多家庭沒有電，也沒有煤氣取暖。在零下14℃左右的溫度下，許多在大火中幸存下來的家庭的水管開始結冰并破裂。)”可知，科羅拉多州遭遇大火，大雪幫助撲滅大火之后，又引發(fā)了新的問題，所以“禍不單行”可以用來描述科羅拉多州最近發(fā)生的事情。故選A項。PassageDThecold,wetweatherofwinteroftenputsoutanywildfiresthatarestillburning,butnotinthefarNorthareas,suchasAlaska,Canada,andotherpartsofNorthAmerica.Someforestfiresjustdon’tdieintheseplaces.Thinkofthefiresas“zombies”(僵尸):Scientistsdo.Whensummersarewarmerthannormal,somefirescanhidethroughthewinter.Theyburndeadplantmatterandsoilsundersnow.InMay2021,scientistsreportedtheirworktoascientificjournal.Thescientistssawthatzombiefiresarerarebuttheycouldbecomemorecommonastheworldwarms,thestudywarns.“Someyears,newfireswerestartingveryclosetothepreviousyear’sfire,”explainsRebeccaScholten.ShestudiesEarthandenvironmentalsciencesatVrijeUniversityAmsterdamintheNetherlands.Thenewfiresmadescientistswonderhowoftenfiresmightsurvivethewinter.Thescientistsstartedbycombingthroughfirefighterreports.ThentheycomparedthesewithsatelliteimagesofAlaskaandnorthernCanada.Thescientistslookedforfiresthatbeganclosetofiresfromtheyearbefore.Theyalsofocusedonblazesstartingbeforethemiddleofsummer.Randomlightningorhumanactionssparkmostfiresinthearea,Scholtensays.Butthosefireshappenlaterintheyear.Zombiefiresaccountedforlessthan1percentofthetotalareaburnedbyfiresfrom2002to2018.Butitchangedfromyeartoyear.Take2008,forexample.AzombiefireburnedAlaskathatyear.Itcausedalmostone-thirdoffiredamagethatyear.Oneclearpatternemerged:Zombiefiresweremorelikelytohappenafterverywarmsummers.Hightemperaturesmayallowfirestoreachmoredeeplyintothesoil.Suchdeepburnsaremorelikelytosurvivetospring.Thezombiefirethreatcouldgrow.Theclimateiswarming.ForestsinthefarNorthalreadyarewarmingfaster.“We’reseeingmorehotsummersandmorelargefiresandintenseburning,”Scholtensays.Plus,zombiefirescouldcausemoreissues.Thefiresreleasehugeamountsofgreenhousegases.ThesetrapheatintheEarth’satmosphere.TheatmosphereisalayerofgasesthatsurroundtheEarth.Scholten’sresearchcouldhelpfiremanagement.Firefighterswouldknowtocheckforthemafterwarmsummers.12．Whatmayleadtozombiefiresaccordingtothepassage?A．wetweather B．hottersummersC．lowtemperatures D．coldwinters13．WhatcanwelearnaboutzombiefiresfromParagraph2?A．Whereflamesbrokeoutprovidedtheclue.B．Changingclimateplaysaroleinthezombiefirethreat.C．Zombiefiresarelesslikelytohappenafterverywarmsummers.D．Itisoflittleusecomparingfirefighterreportswithsatelliteimages.14．Whatconclusionwillbepossiblymadebasedonthelastparagraph?A．Itisimportanttounderstandzombiefires.B．Zombiefiresarelikelytobeundercontrolsoon.C．Firefighterscannotdomuchtostopthezombiefires.D．Westillhavemuchtolearnaboutthewarmingclimate.15．Whichofthefollowingcouldbethesuitabletitleofthepassage?A．“Zombie“wildfiresdogreatdamagetolandB．“Zombie”wildfiresreleasegreenhousegasesC．“Zombie“wildfiressparkedbyhumanactionsD．“Zombie”wildfiresreappearafterwinteringunderground閱讀理解答案TheanswertoPassageD【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章解釋了什么是“僵尸火”、“僵尸火”發(fā)生的原因及其危害等。【解析】12．推理判斷題。根據第一段的“Someforestfiresjustdon’tdieintheseplaces.Thinkofthefiresas“zombies”(僵尸):Scientistsdo.Whensummersarewarmerthannormal,somefirescanhidethroughthewinter.(在這些地方，有些森林火災是不會熄滅的。把火災想象成“僵尸”：科學家就是這樣認為的。當夏天比平常溫暖時，一些火災可以隱藏整個冬天。)”可知，熱的夏天可能會導致僵尸火災。故選B?！窘馕觥?3．推理判斷題。根據第二段的“Someyears,newfireswerestartingveryclosetothepreviousyear’sfire(有些年份，新的火災發(fā)生的地點與前一年的火災非常接近)”和“Thescientistslookedforfiresthatbeganclosetofiresfromtheyearbefore.(科學家們尋找的是前一年附近發(fā)生的火災。)”可知，火災發(fā)生的地點提供了僵尸火災的線索。故選A?！窘馕觥?4．推理判斷題。根據最后一段的“Plus,zombiefirescouldcausemoreissues.

Thefiresreleasehugeamountsofgreenhousegases.

ThesetrapheatintheEarth’satmosphere.

TheatmosphereisalayerofgasesthatsurroundtheEarth.

Scholten’sresearchcouldhelpfiremanagement.

Firefighterswouldknowtocheckforthemafterwarmsummers.(另外，僵尸火災可能會引發(fā)更多問題。大火釋放出大量的溫室氣體。它們將熱量困在地球大氣中。大氣層是環(huán)繞地球的一層氣體。Scholten的研究可能有助于火災管理。在溫暖的夏天之后，消防員會知道要檢查它們。)”可知，根據最后一段可能得出的結論是了解僵尸火災很重要。故選A?！窘馕觥?5．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“Thinkofthefiresas“zombies”(僵尸):Scientistsdo.Whensummersarewarmerthannormal,somefirescanhidethroughthewinter.Theyburndeadplantmatterandsoilsundersnow.InMay2021,scientistsreportedtheirworktoascientificjournal.Thescientistssawthatzombiefiresarerarebuttheycouldbecomemorecommonastheworldwarms,thestudywarns.(把火災想象成“僵尸”：科學家就是這樣認為的。當夏天比平常溫暖時，一些火災可以隱藏整個冬天。它們燃燒死的植物和積雪下的土壤。2021年5月，科學家們向一家科學雜志報告了他們的工作。研究警告說，科學家們發(fā)現僵尸火災很罕見，但隨著全球變暖，它們可能會變得越來越普遍。)”可知，本文主要講的是僵尸火災很罕見，但隨著全球變暖，它們可能會變得越來越普遍，因此最好的題目是D選項““Zombie”wildfiresreappearafterwinteringunderground(“僵尸”野火在地下過冬后再次出現)”。故選D。PassageEFindWaystoRespondtoaMajorDisasterWhennaturaldisasterslikehurricanesandearthquakeshappen,there’salwaysagreatneedforcoordinated(協調的)disasterreliefandrecovery.16VolunteerTotakeahands-onapproachtodisasterrecovery,volunteeryourtimeandtalents.Youcantraveltotheaffectedregionstoprovidesupport.17Itisrecommendedthatyouvolunteerthroughoneoftheprofessionalorganisationsforyoursafetyandyourskillscanbeputtobestuse.DonatemoneyDisastervictimsoftenhavelosttheirhomesorneedtorelocate.Inmanycases,yourmoneyisjustasvaluableasyourphysicalpresenceinhelpingwithreliefefforts.Manyorganisationsprovidetemporaryhousing,foodandotheritemsforvictims.18EvenorganisationsliketheRedCrosshavebeencriticisedforhowdonatedfundshavebeenallocated(分配).DonatebloodIfyoucan’ttravelanddon’tfeelcomfortablegivingmoney,aneedfordonatedbloodalwaysexisted.TheRedCrossandlocalmedicalorganisationsmanagebloodsuppliesthatareimportanttodisastervictims.CalltheRedCrosstoscheduleanappointment.1920Goodsarevaluableinstrickenareas.Buildingmaterialsanddonationsofbottledwaterorhouseholditemscanbeplacedontrucksandtakentothedisasterareas.Itisthebesttoallowtheprofessionalorganisationstocoordinatethesedonationeffortsandseethattheneededsuppliesreachalocationwheretheywillbebestusedforrecovery.A．Sendneededitems.B．Makepreparations.C．Orlookoutforablooddriveinyourarea.D．Alotofpeopleareskilfulatorganisinglocalresponse.E．Whetherdisasterhasoccurredathomeorabroad,youcanhelp.F．Beforegiving,though,makesureyoutrusttheorganisationreceivingyourmoney.G．Andyoucandoeverythingfromprovidingfirstaidtorebuildinghomesintheseareas.閱讀理解答案TheanswertoPassageE:EGFCA【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹如何幫助重大災難的方法?！窘馕觥?6．根據上文“Whennaturaldisasterslikehurricanesandearthquakeshappen,there’salwaysagreatneedforcoordinated(協調的)disasterreliefandrecovery.(當颶風和地震等自然災害發(fā)生時，總是非常需要協調救災和恢復)”和下文的小標題，可知設空處是關于如何救助的，E選項“無論災難發(fā)生在國內還是國外，你都可以提供幫助?！狈项}意，承上啟下，故選E?！窘馕觥?7．根據上文“Totakeahands-onapproachtodisasterrecovery,volunteeryourtimeandtalents.Youcantraveltotheaffectedregionstoprovidesupport.(要想親身參與災難恢復，請獻出你的時間和才智。你可以前往受災地區(qū)提供支持。)”可推斷下文是關于在受災地區(qū)都能做什么事情來提供支持，G選項“你可以在這些地區(qū)做任何事情，從提供急救到重建家園?！表槼猩衔模项}意，故選G?！窘馕觥?8．根據上文“Inmanycases,yourmoneyisjustasvaluableasyourphysicalpresenceinhelpingwithreliefefforts.Manyorganisationsprovidetemporaryhousing,foodandotheritemsforvictims.(在很多情況下，你的錢和你的身體在幫助救災工作中一樣有價值。許多組織為受害者提供臨時住房、食物和其他物品。)”可知本段關于如何捐錢的，再結合下文“EvenorganisationsliketheRedCrosshavebeencriticisedforhowdonatedfundshavebeenallocated(分配).(即使像紅十字會這樣的組織也因為捐贈資金的分配方式而受到批評。)”可知設空處承上啟下是關于怎么找對捐款機構的，選項F“但是，在捐款之前，要確保你信任接受你捐款的機構?！狈项}意，并且和上文構成轉折關系，緊密連接下文，故選F?！窘馕觥?9．根據上文“Ifyoucan’ttravelanddon’tfeelcomfortablegivingmoney,aneedfordonatedbloodalwaysexisted.TheRedCrossandlocalmedicalorganisationsmanagebloodsuppliesthatareimportanttodisastervictims.CalltheRedCrosstoscheduleanappointment.(如果你不能旅行，也不愿意捐錢，獻血的需求總是存在的。紅十字會和當地醫(yī)療組織管理著對災民很重要的血液供應。給紅十字會打電話預約。)”結合小標題可知本段是關于如何獻血的，C選項“或者留意你所在地區(qū)的獻血活動?！崩^續(xù)講述如何獻血，符合題意，故選C。【解析】20．設空處為本段小標題。根據下文“Goodsarevaluableinstrickenareas.Buildingmaterialsanddonationsofbottledwaterorhouseholditemscanbeplacedontrucksandtakentothedisasterareas.Itisthebesttoallowtheprofessionalorganisationstocoordinatethesedonationeffortsandseethattheneededsuppliesreachalocationwheretheywillbebestusedforrecovery.二、完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Aterrifyingexampleofthesea’spowersaw125,000peoplediein12differentcountries.Thedestruction(破壞)wascausedwhenaverybig21senttsunamissmashingintoIndianOceancoastlines.CommunitiesinSriLanka,Indonesia,Thailand,India,MalaysiaandEastAfricahavebeen22bythehugewaves.Wholetownsweresimplysweptasidebythepowerofthewater.Cars,trainsandbuildingscouldnot23,letalonethepeoplewhostood24Theearthquake259.0ontheRichterscale(里氏震級)andoccurred26thecoastofIndonesia.Itwas27asthefifthstrongestsince1900.Scientistssaidthequakewasas28asamillionoftheatomicbombsthatwere29ontoJapanduringWorldWarⅡ.Itmaybetheworstnaturaldisasterinrecenthistory30itisaffectingsomanyheavilypopulatedcoastalareas.Becausesuchwaves31happenintheIndianOcean,thereisnosysteminplaceto32coastalcommunitiestheyareabouttobehit.TsunamiisJapanesefor“harborwave”.Theyareusuallycausedbyasudden33orfallofpartoftheEarth’scrust(地殼)undertheocean.Tsunamisoftenhappeninoceansandtheyaremost34inthePacific.Tsunamiscanbeverylong—asmuchas100kilometers—andbeasfarasonehourapart.Theyareableto35entireoceanswithoutlosingmuchenergy.Oneofthemoststriking36abouttsunamisisthatanearthquakeononesideofthePacificOceancancausegiantwavesanddestructionontheotherside.Whentheoceanisdeep,tsunamiscantravelunnoticed37speedsofupto800kilometersperhour.Thewavemayonlybeafewmetershighintheocean.38whenitisneartheshoreandreachesshallow(淺)water,thewave39veryquicklyinheight.Witnesses(目擊者)insomeareasofIndonesiareportedseeingupto10-metrehighwavescrashintotheshore.Tsunamistravel40inalldirectionsfromthecenterofanearthquakeandattackcoastlines.Theycaneasilysuckpeopleouttosea,causefloodinganddestroyproperty.21．A．storm B．hurricane C．wave D．earthquake22．A．threatened B．shaken C．destroyed D．transformed23．A．remain B．survive C．exist D．achieve24．A．intheway B．inaway C．ontheway D．bytheway25．A．equaled B．ranged C．measured D．evaluated26．A．on B．in C．off D．at27．A．adopted B．noticed C．marked D．recorded28．A．powerful B．big C．huge D．great29．A．found B．consumed C．aimed D．dropped30．A．if B．though C．when D．as31．A．never B．frequently C．rarely D．ever32．A．convince B．warn C．protect D．remind33．A．exchange B．rise C．increase D．growth34．A．usual B．common C．ordinary D．general35．A．spread B．extend C．cross D．reach36．A．facts B．data C．stories D．accidents37．A．in B．on C．at D．for38．A．And B．But C．Therefore D．Or39．A．goesdown B．comesabout C．runsout D．buildsup40．A．outward B．forward C．upward D．downward二、完形填空答案【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章講述的是在印度洋海岸突然引發(fā)的一次海嘯，以及它給沿海地區(qū)帶來得災難?！窘馕觥?1．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這次破壞是由一次非常大的地震引發(fā)的海嘯沖進印度洋海岸線造成的。A.storm風暴；B.hurricane颶風；C.wave波浪；D.earthquake地震。根據第三段開頭的Theearthquake，可知此處意思是：一次大的地震引發(fā)出海嘯沖進印度洋海岸線。故選D。【解析】22．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：斯里蘭卡、印度尼西亞、泰國、印度、馬來西亞和東非的社區(qū)被巨浪摧毀。A.threatened使威脅；B.shaken搖動；C.destroyed毀掉；D.transformed轉換。結合下一句“Wholetownsweresimplysweptasidebythepowerofthewater.”可知這里表示社區(qū)被巨浪摧毀。故選C。【解析】23．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：汽車、火車、樓房都不能幸免，更不用說站在路上的行人了。A.remain保持，依然，留下；B.survive幸存；C.exist存在；D.achieve實現。結合上句“Wholetownsweresimplysweptasidebythepowerofthewater.”，根據常識判斷汽車，火車和建筑物不能幸存。故選B?！窘馕觥?4．考查介詞短語詞義辨析。句意：汽車、火車、樓房都不能幸免，更不用說站在路上的行人了。A.intheway擋路；B.inaway在某種程度上；C.ontheway即將來臨；D.bytheway順便說。結合“l(fā)etalone”可知表示汽車、火車、樓房都不能幸免，更不用說站在路上的行人了。故選A?！窘馕觥?5．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這次地震測得里氏9.0級，發(fā)生在印尼海岸附近。A.equaled平等，等于；B.ranged排列，（按一定位置或順序）排序；C.measured測量；D.evaluated評估。結合空格后“9.0ontheRichterscale”可知測量地震震級是9級。故選C。【解析】26．考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：這次地震測得里氏9.0級，發(fā)生在印尼海岸附近。A.on在……上面；B.in在……里面；C.off靠近，離……不遠；D.at在……。結合前文可知地震發(fā)生在印度尼西亞海岸附近。故選C?！窘馕觥?7．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：它被記錄為1900年以來的第五最大地震。A.adopted采納，抱養(yǎng)；B.noticed注意；C.marked留下標記；D.recorded記錄。結合空格后的“asthefifthstrongestsince1900”可推斷這里表示它被記錄為自1900年以來的第五最大地震。故選D?！窘馕觥?8．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：科學家說，這次地震的威力相當于二戰(zhàn)期間向日本投下的100萬顆原子彈。A.powerful強大的；B.big大的；C.huge巨大的；D.great偉大的。結合空格后的“amillionoftheatomicbombs”可推斷描述的是這次地震的威力，用powerful符合題意。故選A?！窘馕觥?9．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：科學家說，這次地震的威力相當于二戰(zhàn)期間向日本投下的100萬顆原子彈。A.found發(fā)現；B.consumed消耗，消費；C.aimed瞄準；D.dropped使落下。根據空格后的“duringWorldWarⅡ”，結合歷史知識可知這次地震的威力就像二戰(zhàn)期間向日本投下的原子彈。故選D?！窘馕觥?0．考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：這可能是近代史上最嚴重的自然災害，因為它正在影響著許多人口稠密的沿海地區(qū)。A.if如果；B.though盡管；C.when當……時候；D.as由于。分析前后兩句話是因果關系，用as引出原因符合題意故選D?！窘馕觥?1．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：因為這樣的巨浪在印度洋很少發(fā)生，目前還沒有系統來警告沿海社區(qū)他們即將受到襲擊。A.never從來沒有；B.frequently頻繁地；C.rarely很少，難得；D.ever曾經。結合后半句“thereisnosysteminplaceto

12coastalcommunitiestheyareabouttobehit.”可知，因為這樣的巨浪很少發(fā)生在印度洋。故選C。【解析】32．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：因為這樣的巨浪在印度洋很少發(fā)生，目前還沒有系統來警告沿海社區(qū)他們即將受到襲擊。A.convince使確認；B.warn警告；C.protect保護；D.remind提醒。結合本句中的“system”和空格后的“coastalcommunities”可推斷是沒有系統警告沿海社區(qū)即將受到襲擊。故選B?！窘馕觥?3．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它們通常是由海洋下部分地殼的突然上升或下降引起的。A.exchange交換；B.rise上升；C.increase增長；D.growth生長。根據句意和海嘯形成的常識，結合空格后的“orfall”可知與fall相對應的是rise。故選B?！窘馕觥?4．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：海嘯經常發(fā)生在海洋中，在太平洋地區(qū)最為常見。A.usual通常的；B.common常見的；C.ordinary普通的；D.general一般的。根據前半句“Tsunamisoftenhappeninoceans”可知這里要表達海嘯在太平洋最常見。故選B。【解析】35．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：它們能夠穿越整個海洋而不損失太多能量。A.spread傳播；B.extend伸展；C.cross穿越；D.reach到達。結合空格后的“entireoceanswithoutlosingmuchenergy”可知這里表達它們能不減威力穿越海洋。故選C?！窘馕觥?6．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：海嘯最引人注目的事實之一是，太平洋一側的地震可以在另一側造成巨浪和破壞。A.facts事實；B.data數據；C.stories故事；D.accidents事故。結合空格后的“thatanearthquakeononesideofthePacificOceancancausegiantwavesanddestructionontheotherside.”可知太平洋一邊的地震引起另一邊的破壞，這是關于海嘯的最引人注目的事實之一。故選A?！窘馕觥?7．考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：當海洋很深時，海嘯可以以每小時800公里的速度在不知不覺中傳播。A.in在……里面；B.on在……上面；C.at在……；D.for為了……。結合空格后的“speedsofupto800kilometersperhour”，可知用到短語ataspeed/speedsof“以……的速度”，故選C?！窘馕觥?8．考查并列連詞詞義辨析。句意：但是當它靠近海岸并到達淺水時，波浪的高度會迅速增加。A.And和；B.But但是；C.Therefore因此；D.Or或者，否則。結合前一句“Thewavemayonlybeafewmetershighintheocean.”可知前后文是轉折關系，浪頭只有幾米高，但是當它靠近海岸，到達淺水的時候，就會增強它的高度。故選B?！窘馕觥?9．考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：但是當它靠近海岸并到達淺水時，波浪的高度會迅速增加。A.goesdown下沉，減弱；B.comesabout形成，產生；C.runsout耗盡；D.buildsup增強。結合空格后的“veryquicklyinheight”和下一句“Witnesses(目擊者)insomeareasofIndonesiareportedseeingupto10-metrehighwavescrashintotheshore.”可知到達淺水的時候，波浪的高度會迅速增加。故選D?！窘馕觥?0．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：海嘯從地震中心向四面八方傳播并襲擊海岸線。A.o